Airborne gas chromatograph for in situ measurements of long-lived species in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Elkins ◽  
D. W. Fahey ◽  
J. M. Gilligan ◽  
G. S. Dutton ◽  
T. J. Baring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Upper Troposphere

In situ measurements of hydrogen cyanide in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere during Arctic spring 2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 107 (D5) ◽  
pp. SOL 47-1-SOL 47-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Viggiano ◽  
D. E. Hunton ◽  
Thomas M. Miller ◽  
John O. Ballenthin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Upper Troposphere

Ozone variability and trends in the UTLS derived from the IAGOS- CARIBIC observatory using JETPAC

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Boenisch ◽  
Andreas Zahn ◽  
Luis Millan
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Research Infrastructure ◽  
European Research ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Work In Progress

<p>The CARIBIC (Civil  Aircraft  for  the  Regular  Investigation  of the atmosphere Based on an <br>Instrumented Container) project is part of the a European research infrastructure IAGOS (In-<br>Service Aircraft for a Global Observing System) making regular in-situ measurements of more <br>than 100 atmospheric constituents, include ozone and water vapour, on-board of an in-service <br>passenger  aircraft  operated  by  Lufthansa.  The  dataset  of  the  IAGOS-CARIBIC  is  therefore <br>ideally suited as a testbed for the SPARC (Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role <br>in Climate) activity OCTAV-UTLS (Observed Composition Trends And Variability in the Upper <br>Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere). One key aspect, shown here as work in progress, is to <br>develop, define and apply common metrics for the comparison of different UTLS datasets <br>using a variety of meteorological coordinate systems derived from reanalysis datasets. The <br>focus here is on the variability of ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere <br>(UTLS) on interannual and seasonal timescales and the observed trends. The in-situ ozone <br>measurements by IAGOS-CARIBIC are analysed relative to different tropopause definitions <br>and coordinate systems. All these meteorological information applied here are produced with <br>the JETPAC tool ‒ Jet and Tropopause Products for Analysis and Characterization (Manney et <br>al., 2011).</p>

In situ measurements of HNO3, NOy, NO, and O3 in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (33) ◽  
pp. 5789-5797 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Neuman ◽  
R.S. Gao ◽  
D.W. Fahey ◽  
J.C. Holecek ◽  
B.A. Ridley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Upper Troposphere

scholarly journals The Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) Experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Pan ◽  
E. L. Atlas ◽  
R. J. Salawitch ◽  
S. B. Honomichl ◽  
J. F. Bresch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Convective Transport ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract The Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) experiment was conducted from Guam (13.5°N, 144.8°E) during January–February 2014. Using the NSF/NCAR Gulfstream V research aircraft, the experiment investigated the photochemical environment over the tropical western Pacific (TWP) warm pool, a region of massive deep convection and the major pathway for air to enter the stratosphere during Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter. The new observations provide a wealth of information for quantifying the influence of convection on the vertical distributions of active species. The airborne in situ measurements up to 15-km altitude fill a significant gap by characterizing the abundance and altitude variation of a wide suite of trace gases. These measurements, together with observations of dynamical and microphysical parameters, provide significant new data for constraining and evaluating global chemistry–climate models. Measurements include precursor and product gas species of reactive halogen compounds that impact ozone in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere. High-accuracy, in situ measurements of ozone obtained during CONTRAST quantify ozone concentration profiles in the upper troposphere, where previous observations from balloonborne ozonesondes were often near or below the limit of detection. CONTRAST was one of the three coordinated experiments to observe the TWP during January–February 2014. Together, CONTRAST, Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX), and Coordinated Airborne Studies in the Tropics (CAST), using complementary capabilities of the three aircraft platforms as well as ground-based instrumentation, provide a comprehensive quantification of the regional distribution and vertical structure of natural and pollutant trace gases in the TWP during NH winter, from the oceanic boundary to the lower stratosphere.

scholarly journals Aircraft measurements of gravity waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during the START08 field experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 7667-7684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuqing Zhang ◽  
Junhong Wei ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
K. P. Bowman ◽  
L. L. Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Shear Instability ◽  
Aircraft Measurements ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Airborne Measurements ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. This study analyzes in situ airborne measurements from the 2008 Stratosphere–Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport (START08) experiment to characterize gravity waves in the extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (ExUTLS). The focus is on the second research flight (RF02), which took place on 21–22 April 2008. This was the first airborne mission dedicated to probing gravity waves associated with strong upper-tropospheric jet–front systems. Based on spectral and wavelet analyses of the in situ observations, along with a diagnosis of the polarization relationships, clear signals of mesoscale variations with wavelengths ~ 50–500 km are found in almost every segment of the 8 h flight, which took place mostly in the lower stratosphere. The aircraft sampled a wide range of background conditions including the region near the jet core, the jet exit and over the Rocky Mountains with clear evidence of vertically propagating gravity waves of along-track wavelength between 100 and 120 km. The power spectra of the horizontal velocity components and potential temperature for the scale approximately between ~ 8 and ~ 256 km display an approximate −5/3 power law in agreement with past studies on aircraft measurements, while the fluctuations roll over to a −3 power law for the scale approximately between ~ 0.5 and ~ 8 km (except when this part of the spectrum is activated, as recorded clearly by one of the flight segments). However, at least part of the high-frequency signals with sampled periods of ~ 20–~ 60 s and wavelengths of ~ 5–~ 15 km might be due to intrinsic observational errors in the aircraft measurements, even though the possibilities that these fluctuations may be due to other physical phenomena (e.g., nonlinear dynamics, shear instability and/or turbulence) cannot be completely ruled out.

scholarly journals Remote sensed and in situ constraints on processes affecting tropical tropospheric ozone

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sauvage ◽  
R. V. Martin ◽  
A. van Donkelaar ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
K. Chance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Model Bias ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Tropospheric O3 ◽  
Bias Versus

Abstract. We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to evaluate the consistency of satellite measurements of lightning flashes and ozone precursors with in situ measurements of tropical tropospheric ozone. The measurements are tropospheric O3, NO2, and HCHO columns from the GOME satellite instrument, lightning flashes from the OTD and LIS satellite instruments, profiles of O3, CO, and relative humidity from the MOZAIC aircraft program, and profiles of O3 from the SHADOZ ozonesonde network. We interpret these multiple data sources with our model to better understand what controls tropical tropospheric ozone. Tropical tropospheric ozone is mainly affected by lightning NOx and convection in the upper troposphere and by surface emissions in the lower troposphere. Scaling the spatial distribution of lightning in the model to the observed flashes improves the simulation of O3 in the upper troposphere by 5–20 ppbv versus in situ observations and by 1–4 Dobson Units versus GOME retrievals of tropospheric O3 columns. A lightning source strength of 6±2 Tg N/yr best represents in situ observations from aircraft and ozonesonde. Tropospheric NO2 and HCHO columns from GOME are applied to provide top-down constraints on emission inventories of NOx (biomass burning and soils) and VOCs (biomass burning). The top-down biomass burning inventory is larger than the bottom-up inventory by a factor of 2 for HCHO and alkenes, and by a factor of 2.6 for NOx over northern equatorial Africa. These emissions increase lower tropospheric O3 by 5–20 ppbv, improving the simulation versus aircraft observations, and by 4 Dobson Units versus GOME observations of tropospheric O3 columns. Emission factors in the a posteriori inventory are more consistent with a recent compilation from in situ measurements. The ozone simulation using two different dynamical schemes (GEOS-3 and GEOS-4) is evaluated versus observations; GEOS-4 better represents O3 observations by 5–15 ppbv, reflecting enhanced convective detrainment in the upper troposphere. Heterogeneous uptake of HNO3 on aerosols reduces simulated O3 by 5–7 ppbv, reducing a model bias versus in situ observations over and downwind of deserts. Exclusion of HO2 uptake on aerosols increases O3 by 5 ppbv in biomass burning regions, reducing a model bias versus MOZAIC aircraft measurements.

scholarly journals Characterization of the long-term radiosonde temperature biases in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using COSMIC and Metop-A/GRAS data from 2006 to 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 4493-4511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-peng Ho ◽  
Liang Peng ◽  
Holger Vömel
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temperature Climate

Abstract. Radiosonde observations (RAOBs) have provided the only long-term global in situ temperature measurements in the troposphere and lower stratosphere since 1958. In this study, we use consistently reprocessed Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) temperature data derived from the COSMIC and Metop-A/GRAS missions from 2006 to 2014 to characterize the inter-seasonal and interannual variability of temperature biases in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere for different radiosonde sensor types. The results show that the temperature biases for different sensor types are mainly due to (i) uncorrected solar-zenith-angle-dependent errors and (ii) change of radiation correction. The mean radiosonde–RO global daytime temperature difference in the layer from 200 to 20 hPa for Vaisala RS92 is equal to 0.20 K. The corresponding difference is equal to −0.06 K for Sippican, 0.71 K for VIZ-B2, 0.66 K for Russian AVK-MRZ, and 0.18 K for Shanghai. The global daytime trend of differences for Vaisala RS92 and RO temperature at 50 hPa is equal to 0.07 K/5 yr. Although there still exist uncertainties for Vaisala RS92 temperature measurement over different geographical locations, the global trend of temperature differences between Vaisala RS92 and RO from June 2006 to April 2014 is within ±0.09 K/5 yr. Compared with Vaisala RS80, Vaisala RS90, and sondes from other manufacturers, the Vaisala RS92 seems to provide the most accurate RAOB temperature measurements, and these can potentially be used to construct long-term temperature climate data records (CDRs). Results from this study also demonstrate the feasibility of using RO data to correct RAOB temperature biases for different sensor types.

scholarly journals Validation of Aqua satellite data in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere with in situ aircraft instruments

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gettelman ◽  
E. M. Weinstock ◽  
E. J. Fetzer ◽  
F. W. Irion ◽  
A. Eldering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Aqua Satellite
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