A pulsed photoacoustic instrument for the detection of crude oil concentrations in produced water

1998 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 3948-3952 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Freeborn ◽  
J. Hannigan ◽  
F. Greig ◽  
R. A. Suttie ◽  
H. A. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Produced Water

scholarly journals Occurrence of naphthenate deposition in crude oil production field offshore Niger Delta

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Opeyemi Lawal ◽  
Solomon A. Adekola ◽  
Akinsehinwa Akinlua
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Offshore Field ◽  
High Possibility

AbstractCrude oil and produced water samples obtained from ten wells in an offshore field, Niger Delta, were analyzed, in order to determine the occurrence of naphthenates deposition in the field. Total acid number (TAN) and °API of the crude oil samples, pH and metal ions concentrations of the produced water samples were determined. The results revealed that TAN values ranged from 0.47 to 1.01 mgKOH/g with pH of 6.9–8.9, which were above established threshold. The metal ions concentrations especially for Ca++ and Na+ were relatively high. These imply a high possibility of metal-naphthenate precipitation in the oil production facilities in this field.

Pilot Study on Ultrafiltration of Produced Water from Polymer Flooding for Reuse

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1266-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Xu ◽  
Wen Xin Shi ◽  
Shui Li Yu ◽  
Wen Ming Qu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Membrane Flux ◽  
Crossflow Velocity ◽  
Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide

Produced water from polymer flooding (PWfPF) in oilfield is high contents of crude oil, total suspension substance (TSS), hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and salinity. Most existing traditional processes in China are incapable to treat PWfPF to meet the reinjection water quality for low and ultra-low permeability reservoirs. In the present paper, a hydrophilized tubular polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane with a total active area of 110 m2 manufactured by our laboratory was used for ultrafiltration of the PWfPF. The temperature and volume reduction factor (VRF) of the PWfPF were fixed at 37 °C and 4, respectively. The influences of transmembrane pressure (TMP) and crossflow velocity on the membrane flux were investigated. The experimental results showed that a TMP of 0.20 MPa and crossflow velocity of 4.5 m/s were the optimum operation conditions. Under the above conditions, long-term filtration experiments were conducted for 12 months to evaluate the effectiveness of the membrane. The obtained results revealed that the membrane average flux could reach 75 L/(m2•h) and the flux recovery was more than 95%. In the permeate, the content of crude oil and turbidity were respectively lower than 1 mg/L and 1 NTU, while the TSS was consistently below detection limits (2.5 mg/L), all of which reached the highest reinjection criteria for oilfield in China and demonstrated that the membrane has a good anti-fouling characteristics to PWfPF.

Microwave-assisted ultraviolet digestion: an efficient method for the digestion of produced water from crude oil extraction and further metal determination

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2439-2446 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Souza ◽  
P. S. Barela ◽  
K. Kellermann ◽  
M. F. P. Santos ◽  
D. P. Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Metal Determination ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
First Time

Microwave coupled to ultraviolet radiation is proposed for the first time for produced water digestion allowing metal determination by ICP-OES.

Screening of Biosurfactant-Producing Thick Oil-Degrading Bacteria and its Degradation Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 1027-1030
Author(s):  
Jing Chun Wu ◽  
Xiao Long Zhang ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Liu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Industrial Fermentation ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Degradation Effect ◽  
Composition Changes

Four bacterias were separation and purification from oil well produced water of Daqing 9 factory, optimizing two degrading bacterias 17# and 7#. Through fermentation cultivation, observing their growth and metabolism laws and the viscosity of crude oil before and after the action. Results showed that the strains 7# and 17# of thick oil degradation rate were 84.9%, 73.9% respectively. Through the experiment contrasts, give the crude oil composition changes and chromatogram of the strains 7# before and after the action. Finally, choose strains 7# as thick oil-degrading bacteria for industrial fermentation.

scholarly journals An Overview of Recent Advances in State-of-the-Art Techniques in the Demulsification of Crude Oil Emulsions

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Saad ◽  
Mohammed Kamil ◽  
N. H. Abdurahman ◽  
Rosli Mohd Yunus ◽  
Omar I. Awad
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Demulsification Process ◽  
Different Sources

The processing of crude oil often requires the extraction of a large amount of water. Frequently, crude oil is mixed with water to form water-in-crude oil emulsions as the result of factors such as high shear at the production wellhead and surface-active substances that are naturally present in crude oil. These emulsions are undesirable and require demulsification to remove the dispersed water and associated inorganic salts in order to meet production and transportation specifications. Additionally, the demulsification of these crude oil emulsions mitigates corrosion and catalyst poisoning and invariably maximizes the overall profitability of crude oil production. Recently, there has been growing research interest in developing workable solutions to the difficulties associated with transporting and refining crude oil emulsions and the restrictions on produced water discharge. Therefore, this paper reviews the recent research efforts on state-of-the-art demulsification techniques. First, an overview of crude oil emulsion types, formation, and stability is presented. Then, the parameters and mechanisms of emulsification formation and different demulsification techniques are extensively examined. It is worth noting that the efficiency of each of these techniques is dependent on the operating parameters and their interplay. Moreover, a more effective demulsification process could be attained by leveraging synergistic effects by combining one or more of these techniques. Finally, this literature review then culminates with propositions for future research. Therefore, the findings of this study can help for a better understanding of the formation and mechanisms of the various demulsification methods of crude oil to work on the development of green demulsifiers by different sources.

scholarly journals Detailed Energy Accounting of Electrical Submersible Pumping Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
David Grassian ◽  
Daniel Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Energy Return On Investment ◽  
Energy Accounting ◽  
Electrical Submersible Pumps

The concept of energy return on investment (EROI) is applied to a set of electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) installed on a small offshore platform by conducting a detailed energy accounting of each ESP. This information is used to quantify the energy losses and efficiencies of each ESP system as well as the EROI of the lifting process (EROILifting), which is derived by dividing the energy out of each well, which is the chemical energy of the crude oil produced, by the energy consumed by each ESP system and by the surface equipment used to dispose of the well’s produced water. The resulting EROILifting values range from 93 to 565, with a corresponding energy intensity range of 18.3 to 3.0 kWh/barrel of crude. The energy consumed by each well is also is used to calculate the lifting costs, which is the incremental cost of producing an additional barrel of crude oil, which range from 0.64 to 3.90 USD/barrel of crude. The lifting costs are entirely comprised of procured diesel fuel, since there is no natural gas available on the platform to be used as fuel. Electrical efficiencies range from 0.60 to 0.80, while Hydraulic efficiencies range from 0.12 to 0.56. The overall ESP efficiencies range from 0.09 to 0.39, with the largest losses occurring in the hydraulic system, particularly within the ESP pump itself. Improvement of pump efficiencies is the only practical option to improve the overall ESP system efficiencies. Other losses within the electrical and hydraulic systems present few opportunities for improvement.

Composition and Dynamic Adsorption of Crude Oil Components Dissolved in Synthetic Produced Water at Different pH Values

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 3084-3090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Eftekhardadkhah ◽  
Kaja Neeb Kløcker ◽  
Helle Hofstad Trapnes ◽  
Bartłomiej Gaweł ◽  
Gisle Øye
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Dynamic Adsorption ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Oil Components

scholarly journals Electrochemical Comparison of SAN/PANI/FLG and ZnO/GO Coated Cast Iron Subject to Corrosive Environments

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
Zulfiqar Khan ◽  
Ameen Ammar ◽  
Abdul Saboor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Nanocomposite Coatings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Corrosive Environments

ZnO/GO (Graphene Oxide) and SAN (Styrene Acrylonitrile)/PANI (Polyaniline)/FLG (Few Layers Graphene) nanocomposite coatings were produced by solution casting and sol-gel methods, respectively, to enhance corrosion resistance of ferrous based materials. Corrosive seawater and ‘produced crude oil water’ environments were selected as electrolytes for this study. Impedance and coating capacitance values obtained from Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Alternating Current (AC technique) showed enhanced corrosion resistance of nanocomposites coatings in the corrosive environments. Tafel scan Direct Current (DC technique) was used to find the corrosion rate of nanocomposite coating. SAN/PANI/FLG coating reduced the corrosion of bare metal up to 90% in seawater whereas ZnO/GO suppressed the corrosion up to 75% having the impedance value of 100 Ω. In produced water of crude oil, SAN/PANI/FLG reduced the corrosion up to 95% while ZnO/GO suppressed the corrosion up to 10%. Hybrid composites of SAN/PANI/FLG coatings have demonstrated better performances compared to ZnO/GO in the corrosive environments under investigation. This study provides fabrication of state-of-the-art novel anti corrosive nanocomposite coatings for a wide range of industrial applications. Reduced corrosion will result in increased service lifetime, durability and reliability of components and system and will in turn lead to significant cost savings.

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