Matching the resistivity of Si:Nb thin film thermometers to the experimental temperature range

1995 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 5367-5368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derik De Vecchio ◽  
P. Taborek ◽  
J. E. Rutledge
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Experimental Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Experimental Temperature Range

scholarly journals A Preliminary Experiment of Non-Catalytic Transesterification: Thermal Analysis of Palm Oil and Biodiesel at Different Ratio

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Mei Yin Ong ◽  
Bello Salman ◽  
Nor-Insyirah SAL ◽  
Refal Hussein ◽  
Saifuddin Nomanbhay
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Experimental Temperature ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Experimental Temperature Range ◽  
Subcritical Condition

Currently, the biodiesel production technology is moving toward the trend of non-catalytic reaction under subcritical condition as the conventional non-catalytic transesterification requires high energy input and high production cost. Hence, non-catalytic biodiesel production under subcritical condition using microwave energy is proposed. Before that, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted to characterize the biodiesel feedstock and determine the suitable experimental temperature range for the proposed method. Besides, the thermal behavior of the palm oil and biodiesel at different stages of reaction was also investigated. The results showed that the palm oil and biodiesel were started to degrade from 335ºC and 160ºC respectively. However, the degradation point of palm oil was higher than the supercritical temperature of DMC. So, external energy is needed to bring down the operating condition, such as microwave energy as it has potential to reduce the activation energy. To further eliminate the problem of biodiesel thermal degradation during the transesterification process, the suggested experimental temperature range is within 80ºC to 180ºC, which is from the temperature lower than the boiling point of DMC (<90ºC) to the temperature slightly higher than the biodiesel thermal degradation point. Furthermore, DSC result indicated that palm oil requires 518.35kJ/mol to decompose.

Solvolysis of Sulphonyl Halides. II. The Alcoholysis of Aromatic Sulphonyl Chlorides in Ethanol-Acetone and Methanol-Acetone

1961 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
FE Jenkins ◽  
AN Hambly
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Temperature ◽  
Isokinetic Temperature ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Experimental Temperature Range

The solvolysis of aromatic sulphonyl chlorides in methanol-acetone and ethanol-acetone shows only small, irregular effects due to para-substituents because the experimental temperature range is close to the isokinetic temperature. The modification of reaction conditions in SN2 substitutions, so that the isokinetic condition is brought into the experimental temperature range, is discussed. Rates for methanolysis are lower than those for hydrolysis and are about four times the rates for the corresponding ethanolysis reactions.

Gas Pressure Forming of Amorphous Fe78Si9B13 Alloy

2007 ◽  
Vol 551-552 ◽  
pp. 575-580
Author(s):  
Xi Feng Li ◽  
Kai Feng Zhang ◽  
Wen Bo Han ◽  
Guo Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Amorphous Ribbon ◽  
Superplastic Forming ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Experimental Temperature ◽  
Dome Height ◽  
Ribbon Thickness ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Experimental Temperature Range

The deformation behavior of gas pressure forming of amorphous Fe78Si9B13 alloy was investigated under equibiaxial tension. The gas pressure forming was carried out in the temperature range of 430°C~530°C below the crystallization temperature Tx and die apertures of 5mm~10mm. The dome height and amorphous ribbon thickness of deformed specimens at the pole was measured. It was found that amorphous Fe78Si9B13 alloy had exhibited good plasticity in the experimental temperature range. The near-semisphere specimens of the radius 5mm and the height 4.5mm were obtained from the gas-pressure forming at 450°C and 530°C for 30min, which is similar to the superplastic forming.

An isokinetic relationship in the oxidation of acetals by ozone. Evidence for rotation before the oxidation of acyclic acetals

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (23) ◽  
pp. 3041-3046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland J. Taillefer ◽  
Shirley E. Thomas ◽  
Yves Nadeau ◽  
Helmut Beierbeck
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Change ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Experimental Temperature ◽  
Isokinetic Temperature ◽  
Isokinetic Relationship ◽  
Cyclic Acetals ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Order Rate ◽  
Experimental Temperature Range

Second order rate constants for the oxidation by ozone of several acyclic acetals of heptaldehyde were determined at several temperatures. An isokinetic relationship is shown to exist for this series of reactions and the isokinetic temperature was found to be below the experimental temperature range, a domain of temperatures where reactivity is dominated by entropy factors. These results are contrasted with those obtained for cyclic acetals of heptaldehyde, where the isokinetic temperature falls above the working temperatures, a domain of temperatures where reactivity depends mainly on enthalpy factors. These results are interpreted in terms of a conformational change before oxidation in the acyclic acetals.

A comparison of two empirical pKa(T) equations from 298 to 448 K for 2,9-Dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Experimental Temperature Range

The two most commonly used three-term equation1,2 describing the variation of pKa with temperature are compared over the range 298-448 K for 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline. Both equations represent the data equally well over the experimental temperature range. First-difference calculations and the Σ-plot method are used to fit the data.

An Ultrafast Vitrification Method for Cell Cryopreservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengmin Su ◽  
Nannan Zhao ◽  
Yangbo Deng ◽  
Hongbin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Thin Film Evaporation ◽  
Film Evaporation ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cryoprotective Solution ◽  
Ultrafast Cooling

Ultrafast cooling is the key to successful cell vitrification cryopreservation of lower concentration cryoprotective solution. This research develops a cell cryopreservation methodology which utilizes thin film evaporation and achieves vitrification of relatively low concentration cryoprotectant with an ultrafast cooling rate. Experimental results show that the average cooling rate of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) cryoprotective solution reaches 150,000 °C/min in a temperature range from 10 °C to −180 °C. The ultrafast cooling rate can remarkably improve the vitrification tendencies of the cryoprotective solution. This methodology opens the possibility for more successful cell vitrification cryopreservation.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Coherent Optical Phonons in a Hexagonal YMnO3 Thin Film

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Optical Phonon ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Neel Temperature ◽  
Optical Phonons ◽  
Néel Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Lower Temperature Range ◽  
Lower Temperature

This paper reviews our recent study on a coherent optical phonon in a hexagonal YMnO3 thin film together with related optical studies in hexagonal RMnO3 (R = Y, Lu, Ho) compounds. Coherent phonons have been observed in RMnO3 compounds by pump-probe spectroscopy with subpicosecond laser pulses, whereas the observation of coherent optical phonons was reported only in LuMnO3. Recently, we succeeded in the observation of the coherent optical phonon in a YMnO3 thin film. The generation process of the coherent optical phonon is assigned to a displacive mechanism, which is identical to that in LuMnO3. The coherent optical phonon is observed in the temperature range from 10 K to room temperature, while the oscillation intensity strongly decreases as the temperature increases to the Néel temperature of ~70 K from a lower temperature range. It is interesting that the temperature dependence is largely different from that in LuMnO3. We describe that the result can be qualitatively explained by the property of an isostructural transition around the Néel temperature in RMnO3 compounds. In addition, we briefly discuss ultrafast incoherent responses of excited electronic states from the viewpoint of the excitation photon energy of laser pulses.

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