Design and performance of a focused beam line for surface x‐ray diffraction

1992 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1083-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Norris ◽  
M. S. Finney ◽  
G. F. Clark ◽  
G. Baker ◽  
P. R. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beam Line ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Focused Beam

scholarly journals In situ observation of phase changes of a silica-supported cobalt catalyst for the Fischer–Tropsch process by the development of a synchrotron-compatible in situ/operando powder X-ray diffraction cell

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1673-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam S. Hoffman ◽  
Joseph A. Singh ◽  
Stacey F. Bent ◽  
Simon R. Bare
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
X Ray ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Co Nanoparticles

In situ characterization of catalysts gives direct insight into the working state of the material. Here, the design and performance characteristics of a universal in situ synchrotron-compatible X-ray diffraction cell capable of operation at high temperature and high pressure, 1373 K, and 35 bar, respectively, are reported. Its performance is demonstrated by characterizing a cobalt-based catalyst used in a prototypical high-pressure catalytic reaction, the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, using X-ray diffraction. Cobalt nanoparticles supported on silica were studied in situ during Fischer–Tropsch catalysis using syngas, H2 and CO, at 723 K and 20 bar. Post reaction, the Co nanoparticles were carburized at elevated pressure, demonstrating an increased rate of carburization compared with atmospheric studies.

scholarly journals PolyProc: A Modular Processing Pipeline for X-ray Diffraction Tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwoong Kang ◽  
Ning Lu ◽  
Issac Loo ◽  
Nancy Senabulya ◽  
Ashwin J. Shahani
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Diffraction Tomography ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Orientation Data ◽  
Bulk Specimen ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Data Alignment ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Direct imaging of three-dimensional microstructure via X-ray diffraction-based techniques gives valuable insight into the crystallographic features that influence materials properties and performance. For instance, X-ray diffraction tomography provides information on grain orientation, position, size, and shape in a bulk specimen. As such techniques become more accessible to researchers, demands are placed on processing the datasets that are inherently “noisy,” multi-dimensional, and multimodal. To fulfill this need, we have developed a one-of-a-kind function package, PolyProc, that is compatible with a range of data shapes, from planar sections to time-evolving and three-dimensional orientation data. Our package comprises functions to import, filter, analyze, and visualize the reconstructed grain maps. To accelerate the computations in our pipeline, we harness computationally efficient approaches: for instance, data alignment is done via genetic optimization; grain tracking through the Hungarian method; and feature-to-feature correlation through k-nearest neighbors algorithm. As a proof-of-concept, we test our approach in characterizing the grain texture, topology, and evolution in a polycrystalline Al–Cu alloy undergoing coarsening.

scholarly journals Mechanism and Performance of the SCR of NO with NH3 over Sulfated Sintered Ore Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangsheng Chen ◽  
Fali Hu ◽  
Linbo Qin ◽  
Jun Han ◽  
Bo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Infrared

A sulfated sintered ore catalyst (SSOC) was prepared to improve the denitration performance of the sintered ore catalyst (SOC). The catalysts were characterized by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to understand the NH3-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reaction mechanism. Moreover, the denitration performance and stability of SSOC were also investigated. The experimental results indicated that there were more Brønsted acid sites at the surface of SSOC after the treatment by sulfuric acid, which lead to the enhancement of the adsorption capacity of NH3 and NO. Meanwhile, Lewis acid sites were also observed at the SSOC surface. The reaction between −NH2, NH 4 + and NO (E-R mechanism) and the reaction of the coordinated ammonia with the adsorbed NO2 (L-H mechanism) were attributed to NOx reduction. The maximum denitration efficiency over the SSOC, which was about 92%, occurred at 300 °C, with a 1.0 NH3/NO ratio, and 5000 h−1 gas hourly space velocity (GHSV).

scholarly journals Preparation, Characterization, and Performance Analysis of S-Doped Bi2MoO6 Nanosheets

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqi Wang ◽  
Duanyang Li ◽  
Hailong Wang ◽  
Chenglun Liu ◽  
Longjun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Photo Degradation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Excellent Stability

S-doped Bi2MoO6 nanosheets were successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental mapping spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectra (PL), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-visible diffused reflectance spectra (UV-vis DRS). The photo-electrochemical performance of the samples was investigated via an electrochemical workstation. The S-doped Bi2MoO6 nanosheets exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. The photo-degradation rate of Rhodamine B (RhB) by S-doped Bi2MoO6 (1 wt%) reached 97% after 60 min, which was higher than that of the pure Bi2MoO6 and other S-doped products. The degradation rate of the recovered S-doped Bi2MoO6 (1 wt%) was still nearly 90% in the third cycle, indicating an excellent stability of the catalyst. The radical-capture experiments confirmed that superoxide radicals (·O2−) and holes (h+) were the main active substances in the photocatalytic degradation of RhB by S-doped Bi2MoO6.

Synthesis and Performance of Perovskite YMnxFe1-xO3 Photocatalyst

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 1025-1029
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Xiao Meng Lü ◽  
Jian Lin Ding ◽  
Ji Min Xie ◽  
Chang Hao Yan
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Diffuse Reflection ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Light ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Light Region ◽  
And Performance

Using Y2O3, Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O as raw materials and glacial acetic acid as solvents, YMnxFe1-xO3 precursors (x= 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) have been prepared under 80°C water bath conditions. Perovskite YMnxFe1-xO3 samples were achieved after calcination over 900 °C for 4 h. Structure of the samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet obvious diffuse reflection(UV-vis DRS), and Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Photocatalytic activity of the samples was also investigated. Results showed that all the samples with stable perovskite structure had high light absorption in visible-light region, suggesting good visible light harvesting. SEM image showed that the samples were sponge-like and porous agglomerates. Photodecoloration activity of 100 mL Rhodamine B (10 mg/L) was 16~56 % under illumination for 150 min. Oxygen vacancies of the perovskite may explain the high activity of x = 0.1 sample.

scholarly journals Microstructure Evolution and Performance Improvement of Hypereutectic Al–Mg2Si Metallic Composite with Ca or Sb

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2714
Author(s):  
Min Zuo ◽  
Boda Ren ◽  
Zihan Xia ◽  
Wenwen Ma ◽  
Yidan Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Nucleation Behavior ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Primary Mg2si ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hardness Values

In this article, the modification effects on Al–Mg2Si before and after heat treatment were investigated with Ca, Sb, and (Ca + Sb). In comparison with single Ca or Sb, the samples with composition modifiers (Ca + Sb) had the optimal microstructure. The sample with a molar ratio for Ca-to-Sb of 1:1 obtained relatively higher properties, for which the Brinell hardness values before and after heat treatment were remarkably increased by 31.74% and 28.93% in comparison with bare alloy. According to differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC), it was found that the nucleation behavior of the primary Mg2Si phase could be significantly improved by using chemical modifiers. Some white particles were found to be embedded in the center of Mg2Si phases, which were deduced to be Ca5Sb3 through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analyses. Furthermore, Ca5Sb3 articles possess a rather low mismatch degree with Mg2Si particles based on Phase Transformation Crystallography Lab software (PTCLab) calculation, meaning that the efficient nucleation capability of Ca5Sb3 for Mg2Si particles could be estimated.

scholarly journals Design and performance of imaging-plate system for X-ray diffraction study

1987 ◽  
Vol 43 (a1) ◽  
pp. C272-C272
Author(s):  
Y. Amemiya ◽  
A. Nakagawa ◽  
T. Matsushita ◽  
Y. Satow ◽  
J. Chikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Study ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Plate System

scholarly journals Preparation and Performance of PAN–PAC Nanofibers by Electrospinning Process to Remove NOM from Water

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4426
Author(s):  
Beata Malczewska
Keyword(s):  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrospun Membranes ◽  
Nanofiber Membranes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Scanning Electron

The technology based on electrospun membranes exhibits great potential in water treatment. This study presents experimental data involving the fabrication of nanofiber membranes with powdered activated carbon (PAC) and its application for the removal of natural organic matter. The fabricated membrane materials were characterized using various techniques. These include scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction analysis. The incorporation of PAC nanoparticles influences the structure and physicochemical properties as well as the transport and separation characteristics of the produced membranes. The applicability of the fabricated carbon-based membrane was tested in the filtration experiments. The fabricated membrane is characterized by a high NOM removal efficiency of 79% in the filtration process. Further modification of the membrane composition may result in a further increase in the efficiency of removing contaminants from water.

scholarly journals Investigation of pipes and sprinklers scaling at the golf course turf irrigated by treated wastewater of Mzar plant in Agadir-Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Mohareb ◽  
Abdallah Hadfi ◽  
Ilham Karmal ◽  
Said Ben-Aazza ◽  
M'barek Belattar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Carbonate Apatite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
And Performance

In Agadir city, the reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation of green spaces has faced the problem of scaling of the pipes of these waters. This research paper aims at studying the phenomenon of scaling caused by the treated wastewater from the Mzar sewage treatment plant in the city of Agadir in south-west of Morocco. These waters are used in the irrigation of golf turf “Ocean”. The formation of solid deposits in the irrigation systems has decreased their lifetime, and consequently, a loss of load and performance is occurring. Thus, the sprinklers used in golf turf irrigation are plugged in the first weeks of the beginning of their operation. The wastewater used for the irrigation of the golf was analyzed at various points using physicochemical measurements: in the golf entry, at the tarpaulin and the exit of the sprinklers. The samples of treated wastewater and obtained scale were studied. The characterization of the scale samples formed in the passageways of the treated wastewaters has been performed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results of the physicochemical analysis of the waters show that they are full of bicarbonates (653 mg/L), chloride (478 mg/L), nitrate (412 mg/L), sodium (425 mg/L) and in calcium (199 mg/L). Their pH is slightly alkaline. The analysis of the scale reveals that it is rich in calcium and phosphorus. It is formed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), silica (SiO2), calcium silicate (Ca2SiO4), hydroxylapatite (Ca10P6O26H2), calcium carbonate-apatite(Ca10 (PO4) 6CO3) and silicate calcium and magnesium (Ca5MgSi3O12).

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