Technique for determining second‐sound attenuation near the superfluid transition in 4He

Michael J. Crooks; Bradley J. Robinson

doi:10.1063/1.1137226

Technique for determining second‐sound attenuation near the superfluid transition in 4He

Review of Scientific Instruments ◽

10.1063/1.1137226 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 12-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Michael J. Crooks ◽

Bradley J. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Sound Attenuation ◽

Superfluid Transition ◽

Second Sound

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Second Sound Attenuation in Rotating Helium II

Physical Review ◽

10.1103/physrev.99.1667 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 99 (6) ◽

pp. 1667-1672 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

R. G. Wheeler ◽

C. H. Blakewood ◽

C. T. Lane

Keyword(s):

Sound Attenuation ◽

Second Sound ◽

Helium Ii

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Second-Sound Attenuation Associated with Hot Ions in Liquid He II

Physical Review ◽

10.1103/physrev.143.84 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 143 (1) ◽

pp. 84-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

L. Bruschi ◽

B. Maraviglia ◽

P. Mazzoldi

Keyword(s):

Sound Attenuation ◽

Second Sound

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Erratum: Second-sound velocity, superfluid density, and universality near the superfluid transition inHe3-He4mixtures

Physical Review A ◽

10.1103/physreva.12.346.2 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 346-346

Author(s):

Guenter Ahlers

Keyword(s):

Sound Velocity ◽

Superfluid Density ◽

Superfluid Transition ◽

Second Sound

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Superfluid 4He

Quantum 20/20 ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198808350.003.0014 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 243-260

Author(s):

Ian R. Kenyon

Keyword(s):

Symmetry Breaking ◽

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽

Critical Velocity ◽

Superfluid Transition ◽

Superfluid 4He ◽

Long Range Order ◽

Second Sound ◽

Superfluid Fraction ◽

Fraction Versus

The superfluid transition of 4He at 2.17K to He-II and the inference of an underlying condensate are introduced. The fountain effect is interpreted. Andronikashvili’s experiment and the determination of superfluid fraction versus temperature are discussed. Sound and second sound are described. Relationships between the condensate and superfluid fractions, and to off diagonal long-range order (ODLRO) are deduced. The revelation of topological quantization of circulation by Vinen’s experiment is recounted. Spontaneous symmetry breaking by the condensate’s phase coherence is explained. Excitations and their dispersion relations described with Landau’s interpretation, including the explanation of the critical velocity of superflow. Vortices, their interpretation in terms of quantized circulation, and their visualization are described.

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