Discussion of “Secondary Treatment Alternatives: Suspended Growth”

1979 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 1201-1201
Author(s):  
John C. Crittenden
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Suspended Growth ◽  
Treatment Alternatives

Comparative effectiveness of dimethyl fumarate as the initial and secondary treatment for MS

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1532-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Granqvist ◽  
Joachim Burman ◽  
Martin Gunnarsson ◽  
Jan Lycke ◽  
Petra Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Dimethyl Fumarate ◽  
Initial Therapy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Treatment Alternatives

Background: Population-based real-world evidence studies of the effectiveness and tolerability of dimethyl fumarate in relation to common treatment alternatives are still limited. Objective: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and tolerability of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) as the initial and secondary treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients compared with common treatment alternatives in Sweden. Methods: We conducted a nationwide retrospective observational cohort study of all RRMS patients identified through the Swedish MS registry initiating DMF ( n = 641) or interferons/glatiramer acetate (IFN/GA; n = 555) as the initial therapy, or DMF ( n = 703) or fingolimod (FGL; n = 194) after switch from IFN/GA between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2016. Results: The discontinuation rate was lower with DMF as the initial treatment than IFN/GA (adjusted hazard rate (HR): 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37–0.58, p < 0.001), but higher than FGL as the secondary treatment (HR: 1.51, CI: 1.08–2.09, p < 0.05). Annualized relapse rate (ARR) was lower with DMF compared to IFN/GA (0.04, CI: 0.03–0.06 vs 0.10, CI: 0.07–0.13; p < 0.05), but not FGL (0.03, CI: 0.02–0.05 vs 0.02, CI: 0.01–0.04; p = 0.41). Finally, time to first relapse (TTFR) was longer with DMF as the initial, but not secondary, therapy ( p < 0.05 and p = 0.20, respectively). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that DMF performs better than IFN/GA as the initial treatment for RRMS. Compared to FGL, DMF displayed a lower tolerability, but largely similar effectiveness outcomes.

Treatment alternatives to street crime.

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Foster Cook ◽  
Beth A. Weinman
Keyword(s):  
Street Crime ◽  
Treatment Alternatives

Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Foster Cook ◽  
Beth A. Weinman ◽  
al. et
Keyword(s):  
Street Crime ◽  
Treatment Alternatives

Uso de propulsor mandibular fixo Flex Developer como recurso no tratamento da Classe II em paciente não colaborador

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (52) ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Renato Barcellos Rédua
Keyword(s):  
Upper Airway ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
Smile Aesthetics ◽  
Treatment Alternatives

Class II malocclusion has a high incidence in the population, which may compromise smile aesthetics, occlusion function and stability. Skeletal Class II may affect facial aesthetics and upper airway volume. Class II malocclusion is routinely associated with skeletal Class II condition, having as treatment alternatives the use of Extra Buccal Appliance (EBA) or removable or fixed propulsor appliance. This article describes a case of a patient who did not accept the use of EBA and so it was fitted a Flex Developer propulsor for Class II correction and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of therapeutic alternatives for Class II correction.

DESAIN PILOT PLANT DAUR ULANG AIR LIMBAH DI INDUSTRI MIGAS Studi Kasus Kilang Minyak RU-VI Balongan PT. Pertamina (Persero)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusa Idaman Said ◽  
Ikbal Ikbal ◽  
Satmoko Yudo
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Secondary Treatment

Sejalan dengan pertumbuhan penduduk yang sangat pesat dan meningkatnya pencemaran air tanah maupun air permukaan, serta distribusi sumber air untuk konsumsi pemakaian air yang tidak merata telah menyebabkan ketidak-seimbangan antara  pasokan dan kebutuhan akan air. Oleh karena itu, menjadi perhatian yang penting dalam melakukan upaya-upaya dalam hal penyediaan sumber air. Salah satu alternatif yang banyak mendapat perhatian di banyak negara di dunia adalah menggunakan teknologi daur ulang air limbah sebagai sumber air baku untuk penyediaan air bersih. Industri migas merupakan salah satu industri yang mempunyai kebutuhan akan air bersih yang besar, khususnya kilang minyak. Pemakaian air di kilang minyak tersebut cukup besar yaitu sebesar 1.400 m3 perjam, apabila air hasil buangannya dapat di daur ulang sebesar 10% atau lebih saja maka kebutuhan air bersih akan dapat dihemat. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah melakukan desain instalasi daur ulang air di suatu kilang minyak. Konsep yang umum dari daur ulang adalah melakukan pengolahan air limbah untuk dijadikan air bersih, dengan menggunakan kombinasi proses pra-pengolahan (preliminary treatment), pengolahan primer (primary treatment), pengolahan primer lanjutan (advanced primary treatment), pengolahan sekunder (secondary treatment), dan pengolahan tersier (tertiary/advanced treatment). Dengan kombinasi proses tersebut dapat mengolah air limbah sampai menghasilkan air olahan dengan kualitas sebagai air minum.  Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah diperolehnya desain pilot plant instalasi daur ulang air limbah di industri migas dengan kapasitas  9 m3/jam. Kata kunci: pencemaran air, air limbah, desain daur ulang air, kilang minyak

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