Discussion of “Unsaturated Flow During Soil Treatment of Septic Tank Effluent”

1976 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 1128-1128
Author(s):  
Alan T. Ingham
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Flow ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

Impact of density on the hydraulics of peat filters

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1213-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula L Kennedy ◽  
Paul J Van Geel
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Flow ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Effective Porosity ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Commercial Sources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Moisture Retention

Peat filters have been used to treat septic tank effluents from domestic and commercial sources, landfill leachate, and acid mine drainage. A better understanding of the hydraulics and impact of the organic loading on these types of systems will enhance the application of peat filter systems. This paper presents the results of a field study to evaluate the hydraulics of a peat filter used to treat the septic tank effluent from a public school west of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The filter was instrumented with tensiometers and transducers to monitor the pore-water pressures in response to a pulse of septic tank effluent. Samples of peat were collected to determine the dry density profile with depth. The soil moisture retention curve, effective porosity, and hydraulic conductivity as a function of dry density were determined in laboratory experiments. A one-dimensional unsaturated flow model was used to predict the pressure response due to a pulse. Two model scenarios were evaluated to demonstrate the impact of density variations on model simulations. Model simulations that accounted for dry density variations with depth measured in the field more accurately simulated the pressure responses measured in the field.Key words: unsaturated flow, peat, filters, septic, modelling, density.

scholarly journals Mesocosm– and Field–Scale Evaluation of Lignocellulose– Amended Soil Treatment Areas for Removal of Nitrogen from Wastewater

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2137
Author(s):  
Sara Wigginton ◽  
Jose Amador ◽  
Brian Baumgaertel ◽  
George Loomis ◽  
George Heufelder
Keyword(s):  
Deep Layer ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Total N ◽  
Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Amended Soil

Non–proprietary N–removal onsite wastewater treatment systems are less costly than proprietary systems, increasing the likelihood of adoption to lower N inputs to receiving waters. We assessed the capacity of non–proprietary lignocellulose–amended soil treatment areas (LCSTAs)—a 45–cm–deep layer of sand above a 45–cm–deep layer of sand and sawdust—to lower the concentration of total N (TN) in septic tank effluent (STE) at mesocosm and field scales. The mesocosm received wastewater for two years and had a median effluent TN concentration of 3.1 mg/L and TN removal of 60–100%, meeting regulatory standards of 19 mg/L or 50% removal. Removal varied inversely with temperature, and was lower below 10oC. Removal was higher in the mesocosm than in five field sites monitored for 12–42 months. Median effluent TN concentration and removal met the standard in three continuously–occupied homes but not for two seasonally–occupied homes. Sites differed in temporal pattern of TN removal, and in four of five sites TN removal was greater—and effluent TN concentration lower—in the LCSTA than in a control STA containing only sand. The performance of non–proprietary LCSTAs was comparable to that for proprietary systems, suggesting that these may be a viable, more affordable alternative for lowering N inputs to receiving waters.

Virus removal by unsaturated wastewater filtration: effects of biofilm accumulation and hydrophobicity

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Heistad ◽  
T. Scott ◽  
A. M. Skaarer ◽  
R. Seidu ◽  
J. F. Hanssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Flow ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Virus Removal ◽  
Polystyrene Beads ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

Enhanced treatment of septic tank effluent can improve the hydraulic function and performance of infiltration systems and constructed wetlands. By intermittent spray application of septic tank effluent onto a coarse-grained filter media, an unsaturated flow regime beneficial for pathogen removal is created. A column filtration study showed an increase in PRD-1 removal by time of operation with corresponding biofilm accumulation in the filter material. The same increased removal was observed for 1 μm polystyrene beads, irrespective of their hydrophilic/hydrophobic surface properties. A control experiment with sorption of 1 μm hydrophobic and hydrophilic polystyrene beads to different glass surfaces with hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties indicate that mechanisms other than hydrophobic interactions may govern the rate of attachment to the filter media. For a given volumetric flow-rate in the columns, the presence of biofilm altered the hydrodynamic characteristics and this resulted in increased retention time and particle removal.

scholarly journals Woven-Fiber Microfiltration (WFMF) and Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes (UV LEDs) for Treating Wastewater and Septic Tank Effluent

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1564
Author(s):  
Sara Beck ◽  
Poonyanooch Suwan ◽  
Thusitha Rathnayeke ◽  
Thi Nguyen ◽  
Victor Huanambal-Sovero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Photochemical Process ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

Decentralized wastewater treatment systems enable wastewater to be treated at the source for cleaner discharge into the environment, protecting public health while allowing for reuse for agricultural and other purposes. This study, conducted in Thailand, investigated a decentralized wastewater treatment system incorporating a physical and photochemical process. Domestic wastewater from a university campus and conventional septic tank effluent from a small community were filtered through a woven-fiber microfiltration (WFMF) membrane as pretreatment for ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. In domestic wastewater, WFMF reduced TSS (by 79.8%), turbidity (76.5%), COD (38.5%), and NO3 (41.4%), meeting Thailand irrigation standards for every parameter except BOD. In septic tank effluent, it did not meet Thailand irrigation standards, but reduced TSS (by 77.9%), COD (37.6%), and TKN (13.5%). Bacteria (total coliform and Escherichia coli) and viruses (MS2 bacteriophage) passing through the membrane were disinfected by flow-through UV reactors containing either a low-pressure mercury lamp or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting an average peak wavelength of 276 nm. Despite challenging and variable water quality conditions (2% < UVT < 88%), disinfection was predictable across water types and flow rates for both UV sources using combined variable modeling, which enabled us to estimate log inactivation of other microorganisms. Following UV disinfection, wastewater quality met the WHO standards for unrestricted irrigation.

scholarly journals Microbial Diversity of Septic Tank Effluent and a Soil Biomat

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 3348-3351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Tomaras ◽  
Jason W. Sahl ◽  
Robert L. Siegrist ◽  
John R. Spear
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Site Water ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

ABSTRACT Microbial diversity of septic tank effluent (STE) and the biomat that is formed as a result of STE infiltration on soil were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Results indicate that microbial communities are different within control soil, STE, and the biomat and that microbes found in STE are not found in the biomat. The development of a stable soil biomat appears to provide the best on-site water treatment or protection for subsequent groundwater interactions of STE.

Septic Tank Effluent Treatment Using Laboratory-Scale Peat Filters

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.N. Coleman ◽  
I.D. Gaudet
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Upward Flow ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Flow Treatment ◽  
Coarse Gravel ◽  
Bod Removal

Abstract Filter columns were designed, constructed from sand, peat and coarse gravel, and their effectiveness assessed in the treatment of septic tank effluent. An initial loading rate of 4 cm/d was applied to the filter columns in either a downward or upward flow at a temperature of 10°C or 20°C. The loading rate was later increased to 8 cm/d. Filter-column plugging occurred in the downward flow treatment but not in the upward flow treatment. Fecal Coliform removal was usually greater than 95%, BOD removal was greater than 75%, and various removal levels were exhibited for other components. Microbial colonization of peat and gravel was effective as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.

Improvement of septic tank effluent and green coverage by shallow bed wetland roof system

2017 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi-Dieu-Hien Vo ◽  
Thi-Bich-Ngoc Do ◽  
Xuan-Thanh Bui ◽  
Van-Truc Nguyen ◽  
Dinh-Duc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Tank ◽  
Roof System ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent
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