Compatibility Assessment of Membrane Processes for Closed-Loop Water Recovery and Recycling

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Tansel ◽  
J. Sager ◽  
J. Garland ◽  
S. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Membrane Processes

Membrane Processing in the Metal Finishing Industry

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Plating Bath ◽  
Metal Finishing ◽  
Chemical Destruction ◽  
Membrane Processing ◽  
Solids Removal

Two important applications of membrane processing in the metal-finishing field are the use of reverse osmosis for electroplating waste treatment, and ultrafiltration for concentration of oily wastes prior to disposal. Waste waters from electroplating contain contaminants of high toxicity, but also of substantial potential value. Reverse osmosis has been used to close the loop on treatment of individual plating bath rinse waters, returning concentrates to the baths, and reusing purified water for rinsing. A discussion of advantages and limitations is presented for treatment of various plating baths. Reverse osmosis has also been used to concentrate electroplating shop mixed effluents, with up to 95 percent water recovery for reuse. The low-volume concentrate is dried for ultimate solids removal, and waste-water treatment becomes closed loop. Data are presented for this application. Spent oil-containing coolants present the metal-finishing industry with a difficult waste-treatment problem. Conventional disposal of the 1–5 percent emulsions by chemical destruction, incineration or contract hauling is expensive. Ultrafiltration has been employed to concentrate emulsions to over 50 percent oil. These are readily incinerated with no fuel addition required, and work has been done which shows that reuse of the oil either upgraded to a fuel or a lubricant is the best answer for the concentrate. Data are presented for concentration of several wastes.

Membrane Crystallization and Membrane Condenser: Two Membrane Contactor Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frappa M ◽  
◽  
Li X ◽  
Drioli E ◽  
Macedonio F ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Membrane Processes ◽  
Gas Streams ◽  
Development Direction ◽  
Salt Crystals ◽  
Industrial Gases ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Application Fields

In recent years different new membrane processes have been designed and developed. In this paper two innovative processes (i.e., membrane condenser and membrane crystallization) will be described and discussed. Membrane crystallization can be used in desalination in combination with membrane distillation and pressure driven membrane processes (such as nanofiltration or reverse osmosis) to achieve high recovery factor combined to salt crystals production.The innovative membrane condenser can be used for the selective recovery of evaporated waste water and contaminants from industrial gases. This process can be also used for pre-treating gas streams that require further separation for the recovery of a defined species (such as pre-treatment of flue gas when used for CO2 capture, biogas for bio methane production, etc.). The current status, the separation principle, the utilized membrane materials and membrane configurations, and the application fields are described and discussed. The future development direction of these two processes is also given. Keywords: Membrane Crystallization; Membrane Condenser; Water recovery; Membrane Technologies;

Modeling of Membrane Processes for Air Revitalization and Water Recovery

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin E. Lange ◽  
Sandra L. Foerg ◽  
Liese A. Dall-Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Water Recovery ◽  
Membrane Processes

Development of Gas Turbine Steam-Injection Water Recovery (SIWR) System

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Nguyen ◽  
A. den Otter
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
High Water ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Gas Turbine Unit ◽  
Air Emission ◽  
Injection Water

This paper describes and discusses a “closed loop” steam injection water recovery (SIWR) cycle that was developed for steam injected gas turbine applications. This process is needed to support gas turbine steam injection especially in areas where water can not be wasted and complex water treatment is discouraged. The development of the SIWR was initiated by NOVA in an effort to reduce environmental impact of operating gas turbines and to find suitable solutions for its expanding gas transmission system to meet future air emission restrictions. While turbine steam injection provides many benefits, it has not been considered for remote, less supported environments such as gas transmission applications due to its high water consumption. The SIWR process can alleviate this problem regardless of the amount of injection required. The paper also covers conceptual designs of a prototype SIWR system on a small gas turbine unit. However, because of relatively high costs, it is generally believed that the system is more attractive to larger size turbines and especially when it is used in conjunction with co-generation or combined cycle applications.

Next Generation Water Recovery for a Sustainable Closed Loop Living _ Faraday Technology Inc.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAN WANG ◽  
Santosh Vijapur ◽  
Tim Hall ◽  
Jennings E. Taylor ◽  
Stephen Snyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Space Missions ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
The Impact

In order to facilitate human space travel, solutions and innovations are required for supporting the efficient maintenance of water, closed air, and waste systems in spacecraft habitats that operate on planetary environments. As missions are foreseen to be extended with limited earth resupply available there is need to develop durable and sustainable closed loop living systems. Waste water treatment and recovery system that is managed by Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) on board the International space station (ISS) is one such system that has lifetime/durability limitations and would benefit from improvements to increase its lifetime efficiency. Current systems typically recover about 85% of the water with a marked process efficiency decrease throughout the lifetime of the systems use due to incoming process contaminants. Typical water contaminants commonly enter the ECLSS through the waste water from the onboard team members and contain complex molecules that tend to foul and reduce the efficiency of the reverse osmosis (RO) systems. Therefore, in order for manned deep space missions to be practical it is critical to create state of the art durable and efficient processes to reduce the impact of contaminants on the waste water system efficiency. Within this context, Faraday Technology Inc. and the University of Puerto Rico (UPR) are working on developing a technology to eliminate many of the contaminants that commonly foul the RO system and produce a more durable closed loop wastewater treatment and water recovery system. At Faraday Technology Inc., we develop a custom bench-scale ammonia electrolyzer with Pt coated electrodes fabricated by the FARADAYIC® Process. The developed catalysts and electrolyzer are used to evaluate ammonia oxidation for wastewater treatment as following reactions: The influent ammonia from waste water can be oxidized in an electrolyzer according to the reaction: 2NH3 + 6OH- → N2 + 6H2O + 6e- (1)while water is simultaneously reduced according to the following reaction: 6H2O + 6e- → 3H2 + 6OH- (2)The developed technology has the potential to be compatible with existing ECLSS systems and be an integral part of the closed loop living systems required for long term life support on NASA’s manned space missions.

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