Osmotically and thermally driven membrane processes for enhancement of water recovery in desalination processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzahi Y. Cath
Keyword(s):  
Water Recovery ◽  
Membrane Processes ◽  
Thermally Driven

Membrane Crystallization and Membrane Condenser: Two Membrane Contactor Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frappa M ◽  
◽  
Li X ◽  
Drioli E ◽  
Macedonio F ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Membrane Processes ◽  
Gas Streams ◽  
Development Direction ◽  
Salt Crystals ◽  
Industrial Gases ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Application Fields

In recent years different new membrane processes have been designed and developed. In this paper two innovative processes (i.e., membrane condenser and membrane crystallization) will be described and discussed. Membrane crystallization can be used in desalination in combination with membrane distillation and pressure driven membrane processes (such as nanofiltration or reverse osmosis) to achieve high recovery factor combined to salt crystals production.The innovative membrane condenser can be used for the selective recovery of evaporated waste water and contaminants from industrial gases. This process can be also used for pre-treating gas streams that require further separation for the recovery of a defined species (such as pre-treatment of flue gas when used for CO2 capture, biogas for bio methane production, etc.). The current status, the separation principle, the utilized membrane materials and membrane configurations, and the application fields are described and discussed. The future development direction of these two processes is also given. Keywords: Membrane Crystallization; Membrane Condenser; Water recovery; Membrane Technologies;

Modeling of Membrane Processes for Air Revitalization and Water Recovery

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin E. Lange ◽  
Sandra L. Foerg ◽  
Liese A. Dall-Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Water Recovery ◽  
Membrane Processes

Porous condenser for thermally driven membrane processes: Gravity-independent operation

2016 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Volkov ◽  
E.G. Novitsky ◽  
I.L. Borisov ◽  
V.P. Vasilevsky ◽  
V.V. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Processes ◽  
Thermally Driven

Membrane processes for water recovery and decontamination

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP Reverberi ◽  
L Maga ◽  
C Cerrato ◽  
B Fabiano
Keyword(s):  
Water Recovery ◽  
Membrane Processes

scholarly journals Application of membrane processes in mining and mineral processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 08016
Author(s):  
Marinela Panayotova ◽  
Vladko Panayotov
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Mineral Processing ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Membrane Processes ◽  
Sustainable Mining ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Time Decrease ◽  
Extraction Of Metals ◽  
Pressure Driven

Sustainable mining and mineral processing is of paramount importance for producing metals needed for our society development. Membrane processes are able to contribute to the comprehensive extraction of metals from mined ores, while at the same time decrease the amounts of used water and reagents and ensure discharge to the environment of wastewater meeting the legislation requirements. Membranebased technologies are still underused in metals obtaining although their development and price have made their application affordable. The paper presents in brief membrane processes and displays examples of their application in various areas of mining and mineral processing, such as coping with acid mine drainage and mine influenced water, recovery of metals, reagents and water in hydrometallurgy, recovery of lithium from brines, and treatment of wastewater. Emphasis is placed on pressure driven membrane processes, as well as on the very recent studies in the area. Advantages of membrane processes application in mining and mineral processing are pointed out as well as constrains to be overcome.

scholarly journals Treatment and reuse of reactive dye effluent from textile industry using membrane technology

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Martha Noro Chollom
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Textile Processing ◽  
Membrane Processes ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Cost

The textile industry consumes large volumes of water and in turn produces substantial quantities of polluted effluents. Approximately 30% of reactive dyes used during the textile processing remain unfixed on fibres and are responsible for the colouration in effluents. Various conventional methods are being used to treat textile effluent. However, the disadvantage of these methods is that total colour removal is not achieved and chemical by-products are introduced from the use of chemicals. The water quality produced therefore does not meet the requirement for textile reuse. Membrane based processes provide interesting possibilities of separating hydrolysed dye stuff and dyeing auxiliaries, thereby reducing colouration and COD content. They can be employed to treat reactive dye bath effluent to recover the salts and water for the purpose of reuse. This study aimed at integrating membrane processes into the reactive dye bath of a textile industry. The objectives were to determine the quality of permeate produced in terms of removal of organics, ascertain its reusability for dyeing, investigate the production rate in terms of permeate fluxes and finally to investigate the cleanability and flux recovery of the membranes. Three effluent samples were chosen for this study based on the dyeing recipe; Light shade, Medium shade and Dark shade. Ultrafiltration (UF) and Nanofiltration (NF) membrane processes were employed to treat the reactive dye bath effluents to recover the salts and water. Investigations were conducted firstly with UF as a pre-treatment to NF. Secondly, evaluations were carried out on the performance of two types of NF membranes (SR90 and NF90) in terms of permeate quality and fluxes for the investigated samples. The effect of cleaning on membrane performance was done. A reusability test was carried out on the permeate samples for dyeing. It was found that the use of UF as a pre-treatment yielded an increase in permeate of 5–25% of the NF fluxes and 90% in organics reduction for all treated samples, hence increasing the water recovery. High rejection of ˃90% by NF90 for COD, TOC and colour were obtained for all the treated samples. SR90 rejection was 80–90% for colour and ˃90% for COD and TOC. Salt recovery for NF90 was 60–90% and for SR90 was 40–50%. The reusability tests carried out showed that permeate recycled from NF90 can be used for any section in the textile industry including the most critical such as dyeing on light shades, while that from SR90 can be used for dyeing dark shades only. It was then concluded that membrane based processes can be integrated into the dye bath of the textile process for the purpose of reuse, thereby saving on the cost of chemicals (salts), reducing fresh water usage and reducing the extent of final effluent treatment.

scholarly journals Frontiers of Membrane Desalination Processes for Brackish Water Treatment: A Review

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Soraya Honarparvar ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Tianyu Chen ◽  
Ashkan Alborzi ◽  
Khurshida Afroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Membrane Processes

Climate change, population growth, and increased industrial activities are exacerbating freshwater scarcity and leading to increased interest in desalination of saline water. Brackish water is an attractive alternative to freshwater due to its low salinity and widespread availability in many water-scarce areas. However, partial or total desalination of brackish water is essential to reach the water quality requirements for a variety of applications. Selection of appropriate technology requires knowledge and understanding of the operational principles, capabilities, and limitations of the available desalination processes. Proper combination of feedwater technology improves the energy efficiency of desalination. In this article, we focus on pressure-driven and electro-driven membrane desalination processes. We review the principles, as well as challenges and recent improvements for reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), electrodialysis (ED), and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI). RO is the dominant membrane process for large-scale desalination of brackish water with higher salinity, while ED and MCDI are energy-efficient for lower salinity ranges. Selective removal of multivalent components makes NF an excellent option for water softening. Brackish water desalination with membrane processes faces a series of challenges. Membrane fouling and scaling are the common issues associated with these processes, resulting in a reduction in their water recovery and energy efficiency. To overcome such adverse effects, many efforts have been dedicated toward development of pre-treatment steps, surface modification of membranes, use of anti-scalant, and modification of operational conditions. However, the effectiveness of these approaches depends on the fouling propensity of the feed water. In addition to the fouling and scaling, each process may face other challenges depending on their state of development and maturity. This review provides recent advances in the material, architecture, and operation of these processes that can assist in the selection and design of technologies for particular applications. The active research directions to improve the performance of these processes are also identified. The review shows that technologies that are tunable and particularly efficient for partial desalination such as ED and MCDI are increasingly competitive with traditional RO processes. Development of cost-effective ion exchange membranes with high chemical and mechanical stability can further improve the economy of desalination with electro-membrane processes and advance their future applications.

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