Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability to Nitrate Contamination in Gaza Strip, Palestine

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad N. Almasri ◽  
Jagath J. Kaluarachchi ◽  
Said Ghabayen ◽  
Ammar Jarrar ◽  
Mac McKee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Nitrate Contamination

scholarly journals Groundwater Vulnerability and Nitrate Contamination Assessment and Mapping Using DRASTIC and Geostatistical Analysis

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2022
Author(s):  
Moustafa El Baba ◽  
Prabin Kayastha ◽  
Marijke Huysmans ◽  
Florimond De Smedt
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Geostatistical Analysis ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Regression Kriging ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
The Gaza Strip

The Gaza Strip is in a chronic state of water shortage and the coastal aquifer as the only freshwater source is increasingly depleted and polluted, especially by nitrate. Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution is essential for adequate protection and management. In this study, the assessment of the aquifer vulnerability to contamination is derived by applying the DRASTIC procedure, firstly with original default weights and ratings and, secondly, improved by estimating rating values by multiple linear regression of observed log-transformed nitrate concentration in groundwater, with DRASTIC factors extended to land-use. The results are very different because high and low vulnerability areas shift considerably. Subsequently, a geostatistical analysis of the spatial distribution of the nitrate concentration is performed, firstly by ordinary kriging interpolation of the observed nitrate concentration and secondly by regression kriging using DRASTIC factors and land-use as indicators of the spatial variation in nitrate occurrence. These maps differ because the map obtained by regression kriging interpolation shows much more details of environmental factors such as dunes, ridges, soil types and built-up areas that affect the presence of nitrate in groundwater. The results of this study can be used by the Palestinian authorities concerned with sustainable groundwater management in the Gaza Strip.

Nitrate in aquifers beneath agricultural systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Burkart ◽  
J.D. Stoner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Unconfined Aquifers ◽  
The World

Research from several regions of the world provides spatially anecdotal evidence to hypothesize which hydrologic and agricultural factors contribute to groundwater vulnerability to nitrate contamination. Analysis of nationally consistent measurements from the U.S. Geological Survey’s NAWQA program confirms these hypotheses for a substantial range of agricultural systems. Shallow unconfined aquifers are most susceptible to nitrate contamination associated with agricultural systems. Alluvial and other unconsolidated aquifers are the most vulnerable and shallow carbonate aquifers provide a substantial but smaller contamination risk. Where any of these aquifers are overlain by permeable soils the risk of contamination is larger. Irrigated systems can compound this vulnerability by increasing leaching facilitated by additional recharge and additional nutrient applications. The agricultural system of corn, soybeans, and hogs produced significantly larger concentrations of groundwater nitrate than all other agricultural systems, although mean nitrate concentrations in counties with dairy, poultry, cattle and grains, and horticulture systems were similar. If trends in the relation between increased fertilizer use and groundwater nitrate in the United States are repeated in other regions of the world, Asia may experience increasing problems because of recent increases in fertilizer use. Groundwater monitoring in Western and Eastern Europe as well as Russia over the next decade may provide data to determine if the trend in increased nitrate contamination can be reversed. If the concentrated livestock trend in the United States is global, it may be accompanied by increasing nitrogen contamination in groundwater. Concentrated livestock provide both point sources in the confinement area and intense non-point sources as fields close to facilities are used for manure disposal. Regions where irrigated cropland is expanding, such as in Asia, may experience the greatest impact of this practice.

Nitrate in aquifers beneath agricultural systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Burkart ◽  
J.D. Stoner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Unconfined Aquifers ◽  
The World ◽  
Production Area

Research from several regions of the world provides spatially anecdotal evidence to hypothesize which hydrologic and agricultural factors contribute to groundwater vulnerability to nitrate contamination. Analysis of nationally consistent measurements from the U.S. Geological Survey's NAWQA program confirms these hypotheses for a substantial range of agricultural systems. Shallow unconfined aquifers are most susceptible to nitrate contamination associated with agricultural systems. Alluvial and other unconsolidated aquifers are the most vulnerable and also shallow carbonate aquifers that provide a substantial but smaller contamination risk. Where any of these aquifers are overlain by permeable soils the risk of contamination is larger. Irrigated systems can compound this vulnerability by increasing leaching facilitated by additional recharge and additional nutrient applications. The system of corn, soybean, and hogs produced significantly larger concentrations of groundwater nitrate than all other agricultural systems because this system imports the largest amount of N-fertilizer per unit production area. Mean nitrate under dairy, poultry, horticulture, and cattle and grains systems were similar. If trends in the relation between increased fertilizer use and groundwater nitrate in the United States are repeated in other regions of the world, Asia may experience increasing problems because of recent increases in fertilizer use. Groundwater monitoring in Western and Eastern Europe as well as Russia over the next decade may provide data to determine if the trend in increased nitrate contamination can be reversed. If the concentrated livestock trend in the United States is global, it may be accompanied by increasing nitrogen contamination in groundwater. Concentrated livestock provide both point sources in the confinement area and intense non-point sources as fields close to facilities are used for manure disposal. Regions where irrigated cropland is expanding, such as in Asia, may experience the greatest impact of this practice on groundwater nitrate.

scholarly journals Analysis of Nitrate occurrence and distribution in Groundwater in the Gaza Strip using major ion chemistry by Baalousha H.

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-349
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Nitrate Sources ◽  
Major Ion ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
The Gaza Strip

Nitrate in groundwater in the Gaza Strip, Palestine has become a serious problem in the last decade. As a result of extensive use of fertilizers, discharging of wastewater from treatment plants, and leakage of wastewater form cesspools, increased levels of nitrate up to 400 mg/l have been detected in groundwater. Nitrate concentrations more than 50 mg l-1 are very harmful to infant, foetuses, and people with health problems. The most efficient way to prevent nitrate impacts is to identify the sources of nitrate and to reduce them at the source. In this study, samples of groundwater from 63 wells were collected and chemically analyzed. Analysis of these samples revealed they have nitrate concentrations more than the maximum permissible limit recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). The major ion chemistry analysis was used to identify nitrate sources. Based on the relation between land use and nitrate concentration in groundwater, sources of nitrate were identified. These sources are: (1) leakage from wastewater treatment plants, (2) leakage from cesspits, and (3) intensive agricultural activities. It was found that the leakage of wastewater from cesspits and over-loaded treatment plants has greater influence on groundwater nitrate contamination more than agricultural activities. This study shows the important role of the type of infiltrated water into the sub-soil, combined land use, in determining the source of nitrate in groundwater.

scholarly journals Comparative study of machine learning models for evaluating groundwater vulnerability to nitrate contamination

2022 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 113061
Author(s):  
Hussam Eldin Elzain ◽  
Sang Yong Chung ◽  
Venkatramanan Senapathi ◽  
Selvam Sekar ◽  
Seung Yeop Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Machine Learning Models

scholarly journals GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY OF PANDAK AND BAMBANGLIPURO, YOGYAKARTA SPECIAL PROVINCE, INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leakhena Snguon ◽  
Doni Prakasa Eka Putra ◽  
Heru Hendrayana
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Groundwater Protection ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
Contaminant Concentration ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
Drastic Method ◽  
Hydrogeological Setting ◽  
The Impact

The study of intrinsic vulnerability of groundwater was generated in order to delineate groundwater protection zone in Pandak and Bambanglipuro, Indonesia, whose mainly water supply is from groundwater. Two methods of vulnerability mapping are chosen for the evaluation; DRASTIC method and Hoelting method. The resulted maps conducted from these method are validated using the actual contaminant concentration through the impact of on-site sanitation, for instance nitrate as it is proved to be very stable contaminants in groundwater. Considered in different hydrogeological setting, these two methods have produced various results at the certain site. However, its reliability has been drawn upon the nitrate concentration at the study areas. Keywords: Intrinsic groundwater, vulnerability, DRASTIC, Hoelting methods, nitrate contamination

scholarly journals Studying Hydraulic Interconnections in Low-Permeability Media by Using Bacterial Communities as Natural Tracers

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Rizzo ◽  
Emma Petrella ◽  
Antonio Bucci ◽  
Emma Salvioli-Mariani ◽  
Alessandro Chelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Natural Tracers ◽  
Land Use And Management

Knowledge about the processes governing subsurface microbial dynamics in and to groundwater represents an important tool for the development of robust, evidence-based policies and strategies to assess the potential impact of contamination sources and for the implementation of appropriate land use and management practices. In this research, we assessed the effectiveness of using microorganisms as natural tracers to analyze subsurface dynamics in a low-permeability system of northern Italy. Microbial communities were investigated through next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA gene both to study hydraulic interconnections in clayey media and to verify the efficacy of outcropping clayey horizons in protecting groundwater against contamination. During the observation period, a rapid water percolation from the ground surface to the saturated medium was observed, and the mixing between lower-salinity fresh-infiltration waters and higher-salinity groundwater determined the formation of a halocline. This rapid percolation was a driver for the transport of microorganisms from the topsoil to the subsurface, as demonstrated by the presence of soil and rhizosphere bacteria in groundwater. Some of the species detected can carry out important processes such as denitrification or nitrate-reduction, whereas some others are known human pathogens (Legionella pneumophila and Legionella feeleii). These findings could be of utmost importance when studying the evolution of nitrate contamination over space and time in those areas where agricultural, industrial, and civil activities have significantly increased the levels of reactive nitrogen (N) in water bodies but, at the same time, could highlight that groundwater vulnerability of confined or semi-confined aquifers against contamination (both chemical and microbiological) could be higher than expected.

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Contamination Hazard by Nitrate in Samas Area, Bantul District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thilavanh Souvannachith ◽  
Doni Prakasa Eka Putra ◽  
Heru Hendrayana
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
High Class ◽  
Settlement Area ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Potential Map

Groundwater resource is an essential for various purposes in Bantul district, Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia, especially on Poncosari village where the water supply are depending on shallow groundwater resources. On this village, most of the houses using dug wells to provide their water needs and applying inappropriate on-site sanitation system, however there are also difference land uses. This condition increase the hazard of groundwater contamination by fecal coli bacteria and nitrate. Therefore, this research aims in term of three main objectives: firstly, to know the level of nitrate concentration in groundwater, secondly, to assess groundwater vulnerability and thirdly, to assess the level of groundwater contaminant hazard. Hydrogeology observation was conducted and 47 water samples (44 groundwater samples and 3 surface water samples) were collected from different land use type and analyze for nitrate (NO 3) content. Methodology used to assess the groundwater vulnerability was Simple Vertical Vulnerability method and the groundwater contamination hazard built based on the combination of groundwater vulnerability and nitrate loading potential map. Results show that groundwater concentrations of nitrate range from 0.09–74.80 mg/L and the highest concentration found in the settlement area. Assessment of groundwater vulnerability reveals three areas of moderate, moderate high and high classes of vulnerability due to shallow groundwater and the sandy dominated overlying material in the study area. Combination of groundwater vulnerability and nitrate loading potential map indicated that groundwater contaminant hazard of nitrate range from low to high class. High class of hazard located in the settlement area, and low hazard of nitrate contamination found in the irrigated rice field area

scholarly journals Modified DRASTIC model for groundwater vulnerability to nitrate contamination in the Dagujia River Basin, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aihua Wei ◽  
Pan Bi ◽  
Jie Guo ◽  
Shuai Lu ◽  
Duo Li
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Drastic Model ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Over Exploitation

Abstract Due to rapid economic growth and over-exploitation of groundwater, nitrate pollution in groundwater has become very serious. The main objective of this study is to modify the DRASTIC model to identify groundwater vulnerability to nitrate pollution. The DRASTIC model was firstly used to analyze the intrinsic vulnerability. The DRASTIC model with the inclusion of a land-use factor (DRASTIC-LU) was put forward to map the specific vulnerability of groundwater. Furthermore, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) was introduced to avoid the drawback of the overlay and index methods, and the improved integrated models of DRASTIC + SVM and DRASTIC-LU + SVM were built. Moreover, 103 groundwater samples were collected for building and validating the models. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of DRASTIC, DRASTIC-LU, DRASTIC + SVM, and DRASTIC-LU + SVM was found to be 0.853, 0.755, 0.631, and 0.502, respectively. The model DRASTIC-LU was more precise than the original one. The results also showed that the integrated model using SVM exhibited better correlation between the vulnerability value and the nitrate pollution. The study indicated that the modified models including the land-use factor as well as SVM in the DRASTIC model were more suitable to assess the groundwater vulnerability to nitrate.

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