Disturbed sense of limb-ownership is due to lesion of the right posterior insula

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (S 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
HO Karnath ◽  
B Baier
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Insula ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Shared and unique neural circuitry underlying temporally unpredictable threat and reward processing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Radoman ◽  
Lynne Lieberman ◽  
Jagan Jimmy ◽  
Stephanie M Gorka
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
Middle Occipital Gyrus ◽  
The Right

Abstract Temporally unpredictable stimuli influence behavior across species, as previously demonstrated for sequences of simple threats and rewards with fixed or variable onset. Neuroimaging studies have identified a specific frontolimbic circuit that may become engaged during the anticipation of temporally unpredictable threat (U-threat). However, the neural mechanisms underlying processing of temporally unpredictable reward (U-reward) are incompletely understood. It is also unclear whether these processes are mediated by overlapping or distinct neural systems. These knowledge gaps are noteworthy given that disruptions within these neural systems may lead to maladaptive response to uncertainty. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging data from a sample of 159 young adults, we showed that anticipation of both U-threat and U-reward elicited activation in the right anterior insula, right ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus and right inferior frontal gyrus. U-threat also activated the right posterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, relative to U-reward. In contrast, U-reward elicited activation in the right fusiform and left middle occipital gyrus, relative to U-threat. Although there is some overlap in the neural circuitry underlying anticipation of U-threat and U-reward, these processes appear to be largely mediated by distinct circuits. Future studies are needed to corroborate and extend these preliminary findings.

Right Posterior Insula and Putamen Volume Mediate the Effect of Oxytocin Receptor Polygenic Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders on Reward Dependence in Healthy Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junping Wang ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Qin Wen ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Reward Dependence ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Right

Abstract Much evidence indicates the influence of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene on autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), a set of disorders characterized by a range of deficits in prosocial behaviors, which are closely related to the personality trait of reward dependence (RD). However, we do not know the effect of the OXTR polygenic risk score for ASDs (OXTR-PRSASDs) on RD and its underlying neuroanatomical substrate. Here, we aimed to investigate associations among the OXTR-PRSASDs, gray matter volume (GMV), and RD in two independent datasets of healthy young adults (n = 450 and 540). We found that the individuals with higher OXTR-PRSASDs had lower RD and significantly smaller GMV in the right posterior insula and putamen. The GMV of this region showed a positive correlation with RD and a mediation effect on the association between OXTR-PRSASDs and RD. Moreover, the correlation map between OXTR-PRSASDs and GMV showed spatial correlation with OXTR gene expression. All results were highly consistent between the two datasets. These findings highlight a possible neural pathway by which the common variants in the OXTR gene associated with ASDs may jointly impact the GMV of the right posterior insula and putamen and further affect the personality trait of RD.

Motor cortex stimulation in patients with deafferentation pain: activation of the posterior insula and thalamus

2007 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhiko Kishima ◽  
Youichi Saitoh ◽  
Yasuhiro Osaki ◽  
Hiroshi Nishimura ◽  
Amami Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Motor Cortex Stimulation ◽  
Posterior Thalamus ◽  
Deafferentation Pain ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
The Right

Object The mechanisms underlying deafferentation pain are not well understood. Motor cortex stimulation (MCS) is useful in the treatment of this kind of chronic pain, but the detailed mechanisms underlying its effects are unknown. Methods Six patients with intractable deafferentation pain in the left hand were included in this study. All were right-handed and had a subdural electrode placed over the right precentral gyrus. The pain was associated with brainstem injury in one patient, cervical spine injury in one patient, thalamic hemorrhage in one patient, and brachial plexus avulsion in three patients. Treatment with MCS reduced pain; visual analog scale (VAS) values for pain were 82 ± 20 before MCS and 39 ± 20 after MCS (mean ± standard error). Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured by positron emission tomography with H215O before and after MCS. The obtained images were analyzed with statistical parametric mapping software (SPM99). Results Significant rCBF increases were identified after MCS in the left posterior thalamus and left insula. In the early post-MCS phase, the left posterior insula and right orbitofrontal cortex showed significant rCBF increases, and the right precentral gyrus showed an rCBF decrease. In the late post-MCS phase, a significant rCBF increase was detected in the left caudal part of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Conclusions These results suggest that MCS modulates the pathways from the posterior insula and orbitofrontal cortex to the posterior thalamus to upregulate the pain threshold and pathways from the posterior insula to the caudal ACC to control emotional perception. This modulation results in decreased VAS scores for deafferentation pain.

scholarly journals P.005 Painful epileptic seizures involving the insula

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (S2) ◽  
pp. S15-S15
Author(s):  
G Young ◽  
WT Blume
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Examination ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Case Description ◽  
Intense Pain ◽  
Pain Matrix ◽  
Somatosensory Cortices ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: We have previously described painful epileptic seizures involving the primary and second somatosensory cortices. A recently encountered 24 year old man described left hemicorporial, painful seizures in association with a tumor involving the right insula. Methods: Case description with imaging and EEG. Results: The patient described frequent, sharp pains simultaneously involving the left face, upper and lower limbs and trunk that lasted from several seconds to a minute and were 10/10 in intensity. These markedly lessened in frequency but the severity of the pain persisted with a maintenance dose of 600 mg/day of carbamazepine. Neurological examination, including cortical sensation, was normal. MRI revealed a 3 cm rounded lesion deep to but immediately against the entire right insula but not extending cortically beyond the confines of the insula. EEGs have been unremarkable. The lesion has been stable for over 1 year. Conclusions: Insular seizures can produce brief, sharp, intense pain that involves the whole of the contralateral body simultaneously. This is in keeping with the insula as part of the pain matrix with connections with the thalamus. Stimulation of the posterior insula can produce hemicorporial pain without a march similar to that experienced by our patient.

scholarly journals The Role of Insula-Associated Brain Network in Touch

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengxu Wei ◽  
Ruixue Bao
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Seed Region ◽  
Secondary Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Inferior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc

The insula is believed to be associated with touch-evoked effects. In this work, functional MRI was applied to investigate the network model of insula function when 20 normal subjects received tactile stimulation over segregated areas. Data analysis was performed with SPM8 and Conn toolbox. Activations in the contralateral posterior insula were consistently revealed for all stimulation areas, with the overlap located in area Ig2. The area Ig2 was then used as the seed to estimate the insula-associated network. The right insula, left superior parietal lobule, left superior temporal gyrus, and left inferior parietal cortex showed significant functional connectivity with the seed region for all stimulation conditions. Connectivity maps of most stimulation conditions were mainly distributed in the bilateral insula, inferior parietal cortex, and secondary somatosensory cortex. Post hoc ROI-to-ROI analysis and graph theoretical analysis showed that there were higher correlations between the left insula and the right insula, left inferior parietal cortex and right OP1 for all networks and that the global efficiency was more sensitive than the local efficiency to detect differences between notes in a network. These results suggest that the posterior insula serves as a hub to functionally connect other regions in the detected network and may integrate information from these regions.

Successful therapy for temporomandibular pain alters anterior insula and cerebellar representations of occlusion

Cephalalgia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (15) ◽  
pp. 1248-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Lickteig ◽  
Martin Lotze ◽  
Bernd Kordass
Keyword(s):  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pain Ratings ◽  
Subjective Pain ◽  
Left Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Aim Craniomandibular disorders (CMD) are widespread, but we know little about the cerebral representations associated with this pain syndrome and nothing about changes in cerebral representations of occlusion induced by common therapy approaches. Methods In a longitudinal therapy study, we applied functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 14 patients with mild CMD during occlusal movements. fMRI, pain scoring, kinematic investigations of occlusal movements, and jaw muscle electromyography (EMG) were measured before and after two weeks of therapy with an individually optimized Michigan splint. Results The patients’ subjective pain ratings decreased, and the symmetry of condylar movements increased over the period of therapy. After therapy, EMG of the jaw muscles demonstrated more relaxed resting conditions and increased activity during maximal occlusion. fMRI during occlusion showed an activation decrease in the right anterior insula and right cerebellum over the course of therapy. Correlation analysis between pain score and fMRI activation decreases identified right anterior insula, left posterior insula and left cerebellar hemisphere. Left cerebellar and right primary motor activation magnitude was negatively associated with symmetry of the condylar movements. Conclusions Our findings highlight the impact of the anterior insula for the internal monitoring and the anticipation of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. In addition, an increase of symmetry of condylar movements after therapy has been associated with a decrease of activation magnitude in primary motor and cerebellar regions.

scholarly journals Chronic cluster headache: a study of the telencephalic and cerebellar cortical thickness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta Demichelis ◽  
Chiara Pinardi ◽  
Luca Giani ◽  
Jean Paul Medina ◽  
Ruben Gianeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Chronic Cluster Headache ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
The Right ◽  
Headache Patients

AbstractPrevious studies on brain morphological alterations in chronic cluster headache revealed inconsistent findings. The present cross-sectional explorative study determined telencephalic and cerebellar cortex thickness alterations in a relatively wide sample of chronic cluster headache patients (n=28) in relation to matched healthy individuals. The combination of two highly robust state-of-the-art approaches for thickness estimation (Freesurfer and CERES) with an unbiased functional characterization of the abnormal regions, revealed two main results. First, chronic cluster headache patients show cortical thinning in the right middle cingulate cortex and the left posterior insula. This indicates abnormalities in key-regions of pain processing areas, in particular in regions belonging to the spino-thalamic-cortical tract and primarily involved in the sensory-motor aspects of nociception. Second, chronic cluster headache patients present cortical thinning in the left anterior superior temporal sulcus and the left collateral/lingual sulcus, suggesting neuroplastic maladaptations in areas possibly involved in social cognition, which may promote psychiatric comorbidity, frequently observed in these patients.

scholarly journals Damage to the right insula disrupts the perception of affective touch

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise P Kirsch ◽  
Sahba Besharati ◽  
Christina Papadaki ◽  
Laura Crucianelli ◽  
Sara Bertagnoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Affective Touch ◽  
Cortical Organization ◽  
Touch Perception ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tactile System ◽  
The Brain

Specific, peripheral C-tactile afferents contribute to the perception of tactile pleasure, but the brain areas involved in their processing remain debated. We report the first human lesion study on the perception of C-tactile touch in right hemisphere stroke patients (N = 59), revealing that right posterior and anterior insula lesions reduce tactile, contralateral and ipsilateral pleasantness sensitivity, respectively. These findings corroborate previous imaging studies regarding the role of the posterior insula in the perception of affective touch. However, our findings about the crucial role of the anterior insula for ipsilateral affective touch perception open new avenues of enquiry regarding the cortical organization of this tactile system.

Reduced insula habituation associated with amplification of trigeminal brainstem input in migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1026-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeungchan Lee ◽  
Richard L Lin ◽  
Ronald G Garcia ◽  
Jieun Kim ◽  
Hyungjun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Amplification Ratio ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
The Right

Background Impaired sensory processing in migraine can reflect diminished habituation, increased activation, or even increased gain or amplification of activity from the primary synapse in the brainstem to higher cortical/subcortical brain regions. Methods We scanned 16 episodic migraine (interictal) and 16 healthy controls (cross-sectional study), and evaluated brain response to innocuous air-puff stimulation over the right forehead in the ophthalmic nerve (V1) trigeminal territory. We further evaluated habituation, and cortical/subcortical amplification relative to spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5) activation. Results Migraine subjects showed greater amplification from Sp5 to the posterior insula and hypothalamus. In addition, while controls showed habituation to repetitive sensory stimulation in all activated cortical regions (e.g. the bilateral posterior insula and secondary somatosensory cortices), for migraine subjects, habituation was not found in the posterior insula. Moreover, in migraine, the habituation slope was correlated with the amplification ratio in the posterior insula and secondary somatosensory cortex, i.e. greater amplification was associated with reduced habituation in these regions. Conclusions These findings suggest that in episodic migraine, amplified information processing from spinal trigeminal relay nuclei is linked to an impaired habituation response. This phenomenon was localized in the posterior insula, highlighting the important role of this structure in mechanisms supporting altered sensory processing in episodic migraine.

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