scholarly journals Abdominelle Notfallsonografie in der Intensiv- und Akutmedizin

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (02) ◽  
pp. 104-117
Author(s):  
Michael Schreiber ◽  
Clemens-Alexander Greim

AbstractThe rising impact of perioperative sonography is mainly based on mobile high quality ultrasound systems. Relevant bleedings or functional limitations of the abdomen are easy to identify with sonography. The FAST-Concept can be the first access to continue proceedings in ultrasound examination of the abdomen. This paper demonstrates some important ultrasound examinations of the abdomen. The clinical main issues are traumatic and atraumatic bleedings of heart, liver and spleen with haemodynamic instability and functional limitations of abdominal organs like bile cystitis, gastrointestinal passage disability and obstructive uropathy. Just outside of the normal working time the ultrasound experts are often not promptly available. The demonstrated techniques allow in acute medicine to make a diagnosis and to decide fast in critical situations. Perspective in view of the many benefits and possibilities, point-of-care ultrasound will be a high-ranking skill in the field of anaesthesia, emergency medicine or intensive care.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Shorbagy ◽  
Amr A. Kasem ◽  
Ahmed A. Gamal Eldin ◽  
Ramy Mahrose

Abstract Background: Polytrauma patients are at a higher risk of delayed gastric emptying. To assess gastric volume, a reliable diagnostic tool is needed to prevent the occurrence of aspiration pneumonia, which remains a serious complication associated with anesthesia. Gastric antral ultrasound can provide reliable information about the size of the gastric antrum in traumatized patients undergoing emergency surgery.Methods: A prospective observational study of 45 polytrauma patients undergoing emergency surgery under general anesthesia. Prior to induction of anesthesia in the emergency department, gastric ultrasound was performed to allow qualitative and quantitative assessment of gastric antrum in a supine position and right lateral decubitus (RLD) position. Followed by routine placement of nasogastric tube to aspirate and calculate the volume of the stomach contents.Results: Forty-five polytrauma patients who underwent gastric ultrasound examination showed that the risk assessment of aspiration and anesthesia technique changed in 14 patients (31.1%) after the ultrasound examination.A very good relationship existed between the expected stomach volume at the RLD position and the suction volume in the nasogastric tube. In all cases, no aspirations were documented.Conclusion: Ultrasound examination of the stomach in polytrauma patients allows assessing the size and type of stomach contents. The data obtained can influence the choice of anesthesia technique while inducing anesthesia and reduce the risk of aspiration pneumonia.Trial registration: This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Registry number: NCT04083677.


2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-168
Author(s):  
Karim Fouad Alber ◽  
◽  
Martin Dachsel ◽  
Alastair Gilmore ◽  
Philip Lawrenson ◽  
...  

Dear sir/madam, Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) in the hands of the non-radiologist has seen a steady growth in popularity amongst emergency, intensive care and acute medical physicians. Increased accessibility to portable, purpose-built ultrasound machines has meant that clinicians often have access to a safe and non-invasive tool to enhance their management of the unwell. Focused Acute Medicine Ultrasound (FAMUS) is the point of care ultrasound curriculum created to aid the management of the acutely unwell adult patient. Following a survey of trainees and consultants, it was apparent that there was a strong desire for Acute Medics to be able to use point of care ultrasound to aid their clinical diagnostic skills. The FAMUS committee was set up to develop competencies using the evidence base available. FAMUS stands in contrast to traditional radiology training modules, which focus on carrying out comprehensive assessments of anatomy and pathology. Instead, FAMUS delivers a syndrome-based sonographic assessment with the aim of ruling out gross pathology and interrogating underlying physiology. It serves as a useful adjunct to history and clinical examination by way of providing key information quickly and non-invasively. Furthermore, it provides a feasible way to monitor response to treatment or progression of disease and thereby providing useful dynamic information quickly and safely. The accreditation in FAMUS involves the sonographic assessment of three systems: lung, abdomen and the deep veins of the lower-limb. Accrediting in each one involves theoretical learning, a formal course attendance and achieving a set number of supervised and mentored scans. As well as technical skills, the candidate must demonstrate competence in recognising key pathology and drawing appropriate conclusions about each scan, including when to refer for departmental imaging. FAMUS was met with enthusiasm by trainees and consultants in acute medicine, and its popularity rises as more courses are becoming available for accreditation paired with increasing access to portable ultrasound units. It is envisioned that this will continue to grow and formal ‘train the trainer’ courses have been held in order to increase the pool of available supervisors. Currently, FAMUS is endorsed by the Society for Acute Medicine and recognised by the AIM training committee as a specialist skill that can be undertaken during specialist training. It has been proposed that FAMUS should be considered for integration into the acute internal medicine (AIM) curriculum, which will be re-written for 2022 in line with the GMC’s revised standards for curriculum and assessment. Thus we present in this letter, a curriculum mapping exercise that utilises a ‘knowledge, skills, behaviours’ framework in order to be considered for the AIM curriculum rewrite. We believe this will provide a standard and framework to integrate focused ultrasound in AIM training programmes with the aim of ultimately incorporating FAMUS as a core skill for all AIM trainees.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
Ben Chadwick ◽  
◽  
Nick Murch ◽  
Anika Wijewardane ◽  
◽  
...  

Editor- Thank you for giving us the opportunity to respond to the letter received regarding the Joint Royal College of Physicians Training Board (JRCPTB) curriculum for Acute Internal Medicine (AIM) that has previously been circulated for comment and consideration of implementation in August 2022. Dr Williamson is correct in asserting that the proposed curriculum hopes to produce doctors with generic professional and specialty specific capabilities needed to manage patients presenting with a wide range of medical symptoms and conditions. It does aim to produce a workforce that reflects the current trends of increasing patient attendances to both primary care and emergency departments- one that has a high level of diagnostic reasoning, the ability to manage uncertainty, deal with co-morbidities and recognise when specialty input is required in a variety of settings, including ambulatory and critical care. Contrary to the situation described in the correspondence, the new curriculum does not move away from each trainee being required to develop a specialist skill, such as medical education, management, stroke medicine or focused echocardiography. Trainees will still need to acquire competency in a specialist skill for their final 36 months of their training programme, usually after they have completed their Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) certification. The thinking behind introducing mandatory POCUS in the curriculum is that: POCUS is in the proposed curricula for intensive care medicine, respiratory medicine and emergency medicine, therefore we feel that in order to recruit the best trainees it is imperative POCUS training is offered as standard As evidenced by the trainee surveys, they often do not get allocated time to develop their specialist skill, especially in the early years of Higher Specialty Training before they often have decided on a particular skill. The introduction of mandatory POCUS training should legtimise time off the ward to obtain this skill early in training. POCUS is becoming more and more standardised in 21st Century acute care alongside the reducing costs of Ultrasound probe e.g. Philips Lumify and Butterfly iQ which are compatible with smart phones POCUS has been heralded as the fifth pillar of examination (observation, palpation, percussion, auscultation, insonation)1 The proposed curriculum therefore facilitates trainees to have regular dedicated time to develop interests inside or outside acute medicine to supplement their professional experience and training. This will also enable trainees to have time away from the ‘front door’ high intensity acute care. Mandatory POCUS will continue to set AIM training apart from other physician training programmes and continue to attract high quality trainees to apply to the specialty. Formal feedback seen at the SAC meeting in October 2019 to the draft curriculum (personal correspondence from JRCPTB) showed a positive response from nine individuals, an ambivalent one from two people, and only two against the introduction of formal POCUS training in the curriculum. Point of Care Ultrasound will likely be a welcome addition to the curriculum and will benefit patients, trainees and front door services up and down the country. Concerns regarding supervision are being addressed by the POCUS working group, in anticipation of the lead in period of well over two years. It is anticipated that most trainees can achieve POCUS sign off (e.g. Focused Acute Medical Ultrasound) in 6 to 12 months (personal correspondence Nick Smallwood from POCUS working group). With ongoing concerns regarding recruitment and retention in Acute Internal Medicine we agree strongly that with POCUS inclusion, we have a further selling point for AIM training.


Author(s):  
Peter Macnaughton ◽  
Marcus Peck

The performance and interpretation of ultrasound examination are very user-dependent that require significant training and experience. This chapter details the processes that should be adopted within an intensive care unit using point-of-care ultrasound to ensure that practitioners are appropriately trained and are able to maintain and develop their skills. The chapter also outlines recommendations regarding good practice in reporting and image storage, together with guidance regarding equipment management, to ensure patient safety.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Tim Cooksley ◽  

As another winter season passes, many colleagues will continue to be working under immense pressures striving to provide high quality care for increasingly larger numbers of patients. The work of Acute Medicine teams to keep the “front door” safe are fundamental to the delivery and sustainability of acute care services. The challenges of innovating and enacting positive changes at times of such high service demand are not insignificant; but the specialty is blessed with rapidly expanding driven and dedicated international, national and local leaders. The first winter SAMBA has recently been performed. SAMBA is an increasingly rich data source that will serve both nationally and locally to help improve performance and ultimately patient outcomes.1 Higher quality Acute Medicine is being produced. Acute Physicians are leading in many acute sub-specialties. Pleasingly, there has a been a significant rise in the number of trainees applying to train in Acute Medicine in the UK reflecting the traction the specialty is achieving. Ambulatory care remains a fundamental tenet to the sustainability of acute care services. Point of care testing is a key element in driving efficient performance in this setting and in this issue Verbakel et al. perform an important analysis on the reliability of point of care testing to support community based ambulatory care.2 This work should field the way for further research defining the impact of point of care testing and how it should be implemented in ambulatory clinical practice. The performance of respiratory rate observation remains poorly performed in acute care settings despite its well validated predictive value. Nakitende et al. describe an app that allows respiratory rate to calculated more quickly and accurately by using a touch screen method.3 Technological innovations to improve the recording and accuracy of physiological parameters in acute care, which can also be used in resource poor settings, will be a focus of large quantities of research in the upcoming years. Blessing et al. describe an important modelling study on the impact of integrated radiology units.4 Co-ordination between Acute Medicine and Radiology departments is essential in a high functioning AMU, especially as increasingly Acute Physicians are trained in point of care ultrasound. Lees-Deutsch et al. provide a fascinating insight into the patient’s perspective of discharge lounges.5 Often used to help maintain flow through the hospital, they elucidate that patients and caregivers transferred from AMU do not find this aspect of their journey a positive one. In times of significant organisational pressures, it is important that clinicians continue to examine the impact of flow measures on the quality of patient care and experience.


2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2662-2663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander R. Bonnel ◽  
Cameron M. Baston ◽  
Paul Wallace ◽  
Nova Panebianco ◽  
Bruce Kinosian

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 1583-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio L. Kobal ◽  
Noah Liel-Cohen ◽  
Sarah Shimony ◽  
Yoram Neuman ◽  
Yuval Konstantino ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
S M Ismaeel ◽  
◽  
N J Day ◽  
D Earnshaw ◽  
J W Lorains ◽  
...  

The aim of the study was to explore the ultrasound training requirements in acute medicine by comparing the ultrasound skill of an acute medicine trainee (AMT) with that of the radiology department following short ultrasound training. Results: 43 participants (34 males and 9 females).The mean age was 58 (range 20-93 years). Liver: AMT reported 15/17 as normal (Specificity 88%) and diagnosed ascites in 100% (NPV 93%). Gallbladder: There was 100% sensitivity and NPV for excluding gallstone. CBD: Sensitivity and specificity of 83 and 95% for dilated CBD (NPV 95%). Kidneys: AMT identified 100% of normal kidneys. Spleen: Splenomegaly diagnosed with 95% specifity and NPV. Conclusion: The AMT achieved a high level of accuracy in diagnosing and excluding gallstone, dilated CBD, ascites and splenomegaly. CBD = Common Bile Duct, NPV=Negative Predictive Value.


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