X-RAY GRAZING INCIDENCE OPTICS FOR THE ELECTRON MICROPROBE

1984 ◽  
Vol 45 (C2) ◽  
pp. C2-157-C2-160
Author(s):  
A. I. Kozlenkov ◽  
A. I. Shulgin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grazing Incidence Optics

Electroforming In Space And Ground Telescopes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valsecchi Giuseppe
Keyword(s):  
Radio Telescope ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Space Telescopes ◽  
Telescope Array ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electroforming Process ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Thin Nickel ◽  
Grazing Incidence Optics ◽  
Italian Space Agency

In the last 25 years, electroforming process has been extensively optimized to produce grazing incidence optics for the X-ray space telescopes, enabling the renown observatories Beppo-SAX for the Italian Space Agency, SWIFT for NASA, XMM Newton for ESA, eROSITA for MPE. These optics are made of thin Nickel mirrors that are grown by electroforming process in an electrolytic bath on a Gold coated mandrel.Electroforming has also been adopted for production of large reflector panels for sub-millimeter radio telescope applications. Between 2006 and 2016, 3000 mirror panels for 25 antennas of the ALMA radio-telescope array of ESO and 1600 mirror panels for the 50-m diameter Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) “Alfonso Serrano” of INAOE were designed, produced and tested.

scholarly journals Grazing incidence optics for wide-field x-ray survey imaging: a comparison of optimization techniques

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. A. Roming ◽  
David N. Burrows ◽  
Gordon P. Garmire ◽  
Jared R. Shoemaker ◽  
William B. Roush
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grazing Incidence Optics

scholarly journals Development status of adjustable grazing incidence optics for 0.5 arc second x-ray imaging

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Reid ◽  
Thomas L. Aldcroft ◽  
Vincenzo Cotroneo ◽  
William Davis ◽  
Raegan L. Johnson-Wilke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Development Status ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Grazing Incidence Optics

Grazing incidence optics for soft x‐ray microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Voss ◽  
C. Kunz ◽  
A. Moewes ◽  
I. Storjohann
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grazing Incidence Optics

scholarly journals A five-axis parallel kinematic mirror unit for soft X-ray beamlines at MAX IV

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-271
Author(s):  
Marcus Agåker ◽  
Frieder Mueller ◽  
Brian Norsk Jensen ◽  
Karl Åhnberg ◽  
Peter Sjöblom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Axis Parallel ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Grazing Incidence Optics ◽  
Parallel Kinematic ◽  
Five Axis ◽  
Better Than

With the introduction of the multi-bend achromats in the new fourth-generation storage rings the emittance has decreased by an order of magnitude resulting in increased brightness. However, the higher brightness comes with smaller beam sizes and narrower radiation cones. As a consequence, the requirements on mechanical stability regarding the beamline components increases. Here an innovative five-axis parallel kinematic mirror unit for use with soft X-ray beamlines using off-axis grazing-incidence optics is presented. Using simulations and measurements from the HIPPIE beamline at the MAX IV Laboratory it is shown that it has no Eigen frequencies below 90 Hz. Its positioning accuracy is better than 25 nm linearly and 17–35 µrad angularly depending on the mirror chamber dimensions.

scholarly journals Scattering efficiencies measurements of soft protons at grazing incidence from an Athena Silicon Pore Optics sample

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Amato ◽  
Sebastian Diebold ◽  
Alejandro Guzman ◽  
Emanuele Perinati ◽  
Chris Tenzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Specular Reflection ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Instrumental Performance ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Scattering Efficiency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grazing Incidence Optics

AbstractSoft protons are a potential threat for X-ray missions using grazing incidence optics, as once focused onto the detectors they can contribute to increase the background and possibly induce radiation damage as well. The assessment of these undesired effects is especially relevant for the future ESA X-ray mission Athena, due to its large collecting area. To prevent degradation of the instrumental performance, which ultimately could compromise some of the scientific goals of the mission, the adoption of ad-hoc magnetic diverters is envisaged. Dedicated laboratory measurements are fundamental to understand the mechanisms of proton forward scattering, validate the application of the existing physical models to the Athena case and support the design of the diverters. In this paper we report on scattering efficiency measurements of soft protons impinging at grazing incidence onto a Silicon Pore Optics sample, conducted in the framework of the EXACRAD project. Measurements were taken at two different energies, $\sim $ ∼ 470 keV and $\sim $ ∼ 170 keV, and at four different scattering angles between 0.6∘ and 1.2∘. The results are generally consistent with previous measurements conducted on eROSITA mirror samples, and as expected the peak of the scattering efficiency is found around the angle of specular reflection.

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