Electroforming In Space And Ground Telescopes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valsecchi Giuseppe
Keyword(s):  
Radio Telescope ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Space Telescopes ◽  
Telescope Array ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electroforming Process ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Thin Nickel ◽  
Grazing Incidence Optics ◽  
Italian Space Agency

In the last 25 years, electroforming process has been extensively optimized to produce grazing incidence optics for the X-ray space telescopes, enabling the renown observatories Beppo-SAX for the Italian Space Agency, SWIFT for NASA, XMM Newton for ESA, eROSITA for MPE. These optics are made of thin Nickel mirrors that are grown by electroforming process in an electrolytic bath on a Gold coated mandrel.Electroforming has also been adopted for production of large reflector panels for sub-millimeter radio telescope applications. Between 2006 and 2016, 3000 mirror panels for 25 antennas of the ALMA radio-telescope array of ESO and 1600 mirror panels for the 50-m diameter Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) “Alfonso Serrano” of INAOE were designed, produced and tested.

AGILE Observations of GW Events

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (S338) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Francesco Verrecchia ◽  
Marco Tavani ◽  
Immacolata Donnarumma
Keyword(s):  
Space Mission ◽  
Test Case ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Event Time ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Major Player ◽  
Detection Capabilities ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
Italian Space Agency

AbstractAGILE is a space mission of the Italian Space Agency dedicated to γ-ray astrophysics, launched in 2007. AGILE performed dedicated real-time searches for possible γ-ray counterparts of gravitational wave (GW) events detected by the LIGO-Virgo scientific Collaboration (LVC) during the O2 observation run. We present a review of AGILE observations of GW events, starting with the first, GW150914, which was a test case for future searches. We focus here on the main characteristics of the observations of the most important GW events detected in 2017, i.e. GW170104 and GW170817. In particular, for the former event we published γ-ray upper limits (ULs) in the 50 MeV – 10 GeV energy band together with a detailed analysis of a candidate precursor event in the Mini-Calorimeter data. As for GW170817, we published a set of constraining γ-ray ULs obtained for integrations preceding and following the event time. These results allow us to establish important constraints on the γ-ray emission from a possible magnetar-like remnant in the first ~1000 s following T0. AGILE is a major player in the search of electromagnetic counterparts of GW events, and its enhanced detection capabilities in hard X-ray/MeV/GeV ranges will play a crucial role in the future O3 observing run.

scholarly journals The Sax Mission For X-Ray Astronomy

1990 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Butler ◽  
L. Scarsi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Band ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Joint Development ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Italian Space Agency ◽  
Galactic Sources ◽  
Bright Source

AbstractThe satellite for X-ray astronomy SAX, to be launched at the end of 1993, is devoted to systematic, integrated and comprehensive, studies of galactic and extra-galactic sources in the energy band 0.1–200 keV, and is under joint development by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and the Netherlands Agency for Aerospace programs (NIVR), with the participation of SRU/SRON and SSD/ESTEC. The basic scientific objectives can be summarized as follows:– Broad band spectroscopy (E/Δ E=12) from 0.1–10 keV with imaging resolution of 1 arcmin.– Continuum and line spectroscopy (E/Δ E=5–20) in the energy range 3–200 keV.– Variability studies of bright source energy spectra on timescales from milliseconds to days and months.– Systematic long term variability studies over the entire sky down to a source intensity of 1 mCrab.

scholarly journals Grazing incidence optics for wide-field x-ray survey imaging: a comparison of optimization techniques

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. A. Roming ◽  
David N. Burrows ◽  
Gordon P. Garmire ◽  
Jared R. Shoemaker ◽  
William B. Roush
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grazing Incidence Optics

scholarly journals Development status of adjustable grazing incidence optics for 0.5 arc second x-ray imaging

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Reid ◽  
Thomas L. Aldcroft ◽  
Vincenzo Cotroneo ◽  
William Davis ◽  
Raegan L. Johnson-Wilke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Development Status ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Grazing Incidence Optics

Grazing incidence optics for soft x‐ray microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Voss ◽  
C. Kunz ◽  
A. Moewes ◽  
I. Storjohann
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grazing Incidence Optics

scholarly journals A five-axis parallel kinematic mirror unit for soft X-ray beamlines at MAX IV

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-271
Author(s):  
Marcus Agåker ◽  
Frieder Mueller ◽  
Brian Norsk Jensen ◽  
Karl Åhnberg ◽  
Peter Sjöblom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Axis Parallel ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Grazing Incidence Optics ◽  
Parallel Kinematic ◽  
Five Axis ◽  
Better Than

With the introduction of the multi-bend achromats in the new fourth-generation storage rings the emittance has decreased by an order of magnitude resulting in increased brightness. However, the higher brightness comes with smaller beam sizes and narrower radiation cones. As a consequence, the requirements on mechanical stability regarding the beamline components increases. Here an innovative five-axis parallel kinematic mirror unit for use with soft X-ray beamlines using off-axis grazing-incidence optics is presented. Using simulations and measurements from the HIPPIE beamline at the MAX IV Laboratory it is shown that it has no Eigen frequencies below 90 Hz. Its positioning accuracy is better than 25 nm linearly and 17–35 µrad angularly depending on the mirror chamber dimensions.

scholarly journals Scattering efficiencies measurements of soft protons at grazing incidence from an Athena Silicon Pore Optics sample

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Amato ◽  
Sebastian Diebold ◽  
Alejandro Guzman ◽  
Emanuele Perinati ◽  
Chris Tenzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Specular Reflection ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Instrumental Performance ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Scattering Efficiency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grazing Incidence Optics

AbstractSoft protons are a potential threat for X-ray missions using grazing incidence optics, as once focused onto the detectors they can contribute to increase the background and possibly induce radiation damage as well. The assessment of these undesired effects is especially relevant for the future ESA X-ray mission Athena, due to its large collecting area. To prevent degradation of the instrumental performance, which ultimately could compromise some of the scientific goals of the mission, the adoption of ad-hoc magnetic diverters is envisaged. Dedicated laboratory measurements are fundamental to understand the mechanisms of proton forward scattering, validate the application of the existing physical models to the Athena case and support the design of the diverters. In this paper we report on scattering efficiency measurements of soft protons impinging at grazing incidence onto a Silicon Pore Optics sample, conducted in the framework of the EXACRAD project. Measurements were taken at two different energies, $\sim $ ∼ 470 keV and $\sim $ ∼ 170 keV, and at four different scattering angles between 0.6∘ and 1.2∘. The results are generally consistent with previous measurements conducted on eROSITA mirror samples, and as expected the peak of the scattering efficiency is found around the angle of specular reflection.

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