THE EFFECT OF NON-METALLIC INCLUSIONS AND FILMS ON THE CATHODE ON SOME PROCESSES DURING VACUUM DISCHARGES

1979 ◽  
Vol 40 (C7) ◽  
pp. C7-411-C7-412
Author(s):  
D. I. Proskourovsky ◽  
V. F. Puchkarev
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Inclusions

RESEARCH ON THE NON-METALLIC INCLUSIONS OF KILLED STEEL (I)

1956 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 962-968
Author(s):  
Yosaku Koike ◽  
Sahei Noda
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Inclusions

Determination of non-metallic inclusions in metal alloys by spark atomic emission spectrometry (review)

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
D. N. Bock ◽  
V. A. Labusov
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Line ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
Metal Alloys ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Dissolved Form

A review of publications regarding detection of non-metallic inclusions in metal alloys using optical emission spectrometry with single-spark spectrum registration is presented. The main advantage of the method - an extremely short time of measurement (~1 min) – makes it useful for the purposes of direct production control. A spark-induced impact on a non-metallic inclusion results in a sharp increase (flashes) in the intensities of spectral lines of the elements that comprise the inclusion because their content in the metal matrix is usually rather small. The intensity distribution of the spectral line of the element obtained from several thousand of single-spark spectra consists of two parts: i) the Gaussian function corresponding to the content of the element in a dissolved form, and ii) an asymmetric additive in the region of high intensity values ??attributed to inclusions. Their quantitative determination is based on the assumption that the intensity of the spectral line in the single-spark spectrum is proportional to the content of the element in the matter ablated by the spark. Thus, according to the calibration dependence constructed using samples with a certified total element content, it is possible not only to determine the proportions of the dissolved and undissolved element, but also the dimensions of the individual inclusions. However, determination of the sizes is limited to a range of 1 – 20 µm. Moreover, only Al-containing inclusions can be determined quantitatively nowadays. Difficulties occur both with elements hardly dissolved in steels (O, Ca, Mg, S), and with the elements which exhibit rather high content in the dissolved form (Si, Mn). It is also still impossible to determine carbides and nitrides in steels using C and N lines. The use of time-resolved spectrometry can reduce the detection limits for inclusions containing Si and, possibly, Mn. The use of the internal standard in determination of the inclusions can also lower the detection limits, but may distort the results. Substitution of photomultipliers by solid-state linear radiation detectors provided development of more reliable internal standard, based on the background value in the vicinity of the spectral line. Verification of the results is difficult in the lack of standard samples of composition of the inclusions. Future studies can expand the range of inclusions to be determined by this method.

Analysis of the Crack Initiation at Non-Metallic Inclusions in High-Strength Steels

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 468-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Grad ◽  
B. Reuscher ◽  
A. Brodyanski ◽  
M. Kopnarski ◽  
E. Kerscher
Keyword(s):  
Crack Initiation ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Metallic Inclusions

TYPE 316L-SCQ STAINLESS

Alloy Digest ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Aisi Type ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Type 316L ◽  
Technology Corporation ◽  
Carpenter Technology Corporation

Abstract TYPE 316L-SCQ stainless steel is a cleaner version of AISI Type 316L. The clean microstructure, a reduction in the frequency and severity of non-metallic inclusions, allows a better electroplated surface. The unique applications considered for this microstructurally clean alloy include the semiconductor market to maintain gas purity. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-587. Producer or source: Carpenter Technology Corporation.

Quantitative Microstructural Analysis of a Ni-based Superalloy After Different Heat Treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 4519-4524
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Metal Melts ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Undercooled Melt ◽  
Super Alloy

The efficiency of time-temperature treatment (T-TT) on metal melts can be microstructurally analysed through their degree of purity in non-metallic inclusions. In the case of the Ni-based super alloy under discussion (MSRR 7045) the heat treatment was the undercooling consequences both on the durability of the casting environment (ingots-refractories) and on the internal structure of the metal (porosity, microstructural isotropy). Keywords: time-temperature treatment, undercooled melt, non-metallic inclusions, purity, microstructural isotropy

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