scholarly journals Three-dimensional prediction of maize pollen dispersal and cross-pollination, and the effects of windbreaks

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoki Ushiyama ◽  
Mingyuan Du ◽  
Satoshi Inoue ◽  
Hiroyuki Shibaike ◽  
Seiichiro Yonemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Maize Pollen ◽  
Cross Pollination

Spatially explicit modelling of transgenic maize pollen dispersal and cross-pollination

2003 ◽  
Vol 225 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Loos ◽  
Ralf Seppelt ◽  
Sara Meier-Bethke ◽  
Joachim Schiemann ◽  
Otto Richter
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Transgenic Maize ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Maize Pollen ◽  
Cross Pollination

Effective maize pollen dispersal in the field

Euphytica ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Paterniani ◽  
A. C. Stort
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Maize Pollen

Lagrangian numerical simulations of canopy air flow effects on maize pollen dispersal

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond W. Arritt ◽  
Craig A. Clark ◽  
A. Susana Goggi ◽  
Higinio Lopez Sanchez ◽  
Mark E. Westgate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Maize Pollen ◽  
Flow Effects

scholarly journals Evaluation of pollen dispersal and cross pollination using transgenic grapevine plants

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Harst ◽  
Beatrix-Axinja Cobanov ◽  
Ludger Hausmann ◽  
Rudolf Eibach ◽  
Reinhard Töpfer
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Transgenic Grapevine

scholarly journals A Novel Method to Quantify Transport of Self- and Cross-pollen by Bees in Blueberry Plantings

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 2002-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio A. Brevis ◽  
D. Scott NeSmith ◽  
Lynne Seymour ◽  
Dorothy B. Hausman
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Pollen Mixture ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Ripening Rate ◽  
Pollen Diameter

Blueberry species (Vaccinium section Cyanococcus) benefit from cross-pollination. Outcrossing increases fruit set, berry size, and ripening rate. Although knowledge of pollen dispersal is essential for maximizing cross-pollination and achieving optimal planting designs, this process has not been quantified previously in blueberry plantings. A novel method was developed to estimate the proportion of self- and cross-pollen transported by blueberry pollinators. The proposed technique requires a consistent difference in pollen size between two cultivars to predict the composition of a pollen mixture based on frequency distributions of pollen diameter. Vaccinium ashei Reade `Brightwell' and `Climax' were chosen for this study because they produce pollen tetrads of different size. Tetrad diameter and number were analyzed with a particle counter. The technique was validated by predicting the proportion of `Brightwell' in pollen mixtures where the cultivar composition was known, and predicted and actual values were linearly correlated (r = 0.995, P < 0.0001). The technique was then applied to pollen samples extracted from the bodies of pollinators that were collected in a mixed `Brightwell' and `Climax' blueberry plot. Numbers of blueberry tetrads extracted per bumblebee (Bombus spp.) averaged 4595 and 797 in 2003 and 2004, respectively, which was considered adequate to make accurate predictions based on frequency distributions of tetrad diameter. The proportion of `Brightwell' pollen carried by bumblebees changed with the phenology of the crop following an expected pattern, indicating that the method performed well under field conditions. This technique could potentially be used to quantify the likelihood for outcrossing and establish the effect of cultivar arrangements on pollen dispersion, as well as to examine pollen collection and manipulation, and cultivar preference by bees.

scholarly journals Maize Pollen Dispersal under Convective Conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Boehm ◽  
Donald E. Aylor ◽  
Elson J. Shields
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Gm Crops ◽  
Convective Conditions ◽  
Convective Boundary ◽  
Heavy Particles ◽  
Maize Pollen ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
Pollen Concentrations

Abstract The widespread adoption of genetically modified (GM) crops has led to a need to better understand the atmospheric transport of pollen because of concerns over potential cross-pollination between GM and non-GM crops. Maize pollen concentrations were modeled by a modified Lagrangian stochastic (LS) model of the convective boundary layer (CBL) and were compared with concentrations measured by airborne remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs) flown from directly above to 2 km from source fields. The turbulence parameterization in an existing CBL LS model was modified to incorporate the effects of shear-driven turbulence, which has an especially large impact near the surface, where maize pollen is released. The modified model was used to calculate concentrations corresponding to the RPV flight tracks. For the most convective cases, when at least 95% of the pollen came from sources near the RPV flight track for which source strength measurements are available and the results are less sensitive to uncertainty in wind direction since most of the pollen came from directly beneath the flight track, the geometric mean of the ratio between the modeled and measured concentrations was 0.94. When cases with larger contributions from more distant fields were included, the overall geometric mean decreased to 0.43. The scatter of the measured concentrations about the modeled values followed a lognormal distribution. These results indicate that the modified model presented herein can substantially improve the description of the near-source dispersion of heavy particles released near the surface during convective conditions.

scholarly journals Doing the twist: a test of Darwin's cross-pollination hypothesis for pollinarium reconfiguration

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig I Peter ◽  
Steven D Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Mating Opportunities

Mating success in plants depends largely on the efficiency of pollen dispersal. For hermaphrodite plants, self-pollination, either within or among flowers, can reduce mating opportunities because of pollen and ovule discounting and inbreeding depression. Self-pollination may be particularly detrimental in plants such as orchids and asclepiads that package each flower's pollen into one or more pollinia which, together with accessory structures, comprise a pollinarium. Darwin proposed that physical reconfiguration of pollinaria serves as a mechanism for reducing the likelihood of self-pollination. To be effective, the time taken for pollinarium reconfiguration would need to exceed that spent by a pollinator on a plant. We investigated pollinarium reconfiguration (including pollinarium bending, pollinium shrinking and anther cap retention) in 19 species and found a strong positive relationship between reconfiguration time and the duration of pollinator visits. Reconfiguration times were also consistently longer than pollinator visit times. These results provide strong support for Darwin's idea that this mechanism promotes cross-pollination.

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