scholarly journals Genetic variation of maize silage ingestibility in dairy cattle

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Barrière ◽  
Jean-Claude Emile ◽  
Fabien Surault
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Maize Silage

The effect of maize silage type on the performances and methane emission of dairy cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. e246-e256 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. De Boever ◽  
K. Goossens ◽  
N. Peiren ◽  
J. Swanckaert ◽  
B. Ampe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Maize Silage

scholarly journals Effects of Essential Oils on Ruminal Microorganisms and Their Protein Metabolism

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 5011-5014 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. McIntosh ◽  
P. Williams ◽  
R. Losa ◽  
R. J. Wallace ◽  
D. A. Beever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Anaerobic Fungi ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Ruminal Microorganisms

ABSTRACT A commercial blend of essential oil (EO) compounds was added to a grass, maize silage, and concentrate diet fed to dairy cattle in order to determine their influence on protein metabolism by ruminal microorganisms. EO inhibited (P < 0.05) the rate of deamination of amino acids. Pure-culture studies indicated that the species most sensitive to EO were ammonia-hyperproducing bacteria and anaerobic fungi.

scholarly journals Effect of replacing maize grain by hybrid rye grain in the TMR on performance of mid-lactating dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Rajtar ◽  
Marek Sady ◽  
Paweł Górka ◽  
Sylvia Kehoe ◽  
Piotr Micek
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Rennet Coagulation ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Hybrid Rye ◽  
Maize Grain

Abstract Grain from traditional varieties of rye is not commonly used in dairy cattle nutrition. However, new hybrid varieties of rye currently available are characterized by some nutritional and agrotechnical benefits. This paper deals with the hypothesis that rye grain derived from a hybrid variety may be an alternative for maize grain in diets for dairy cattle. Sixteen lactating Polish Holstein-Friesian cows were divided into two groups according to their parity (8 primi- and 8 multiparous), stage of lactation (106 ± 30 days after calving) and milk yield (34 ± 4 kg/day). Cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) containing grass silage and whole crop maize silage and 29.2% of the concentrate (in dry matter). The latter contained approximately 48% of either maize grain (M) or hybrid rye grain (HR) as a main source of cereal grain. Experimental diets were fed for 9-weeks. The use of HR as a substitute for M did not affect (P>0.05) dry matter intake and milk yield. There were no differences between treatment groups in the content of milk solids, amino acids, and fatty acid profile. However, substituting M by HR positively influenced composition of milk protein fractions by increasing the proportion of α-casein (37.0 vs 39.7%; P<0.01) and к-casein (6.5 vs 7.3%; P=0.02) as well as decreasing the proportion of β-casein (28.8 vs 27.8%; P=0.02) and sensory characteristics of the milk (body and texture and taste; P<0.05). In turn, the composition of the diet did not affect the technological suitability for processing of milk fat (acid and peroxide number, melting and solidification temperature), rennet coagulation time, heat stability or titratable acidity. This study has shown that hybrid rye grain may be an alternative for maize grain in a TMR based on grass and whole maize silage for mid-lactation dairy cows. Further studies are needed with higher proportion of hybrid rye grain in TMR or with other roughages used in a basal diet to fully determine efficiency of hybrid rye grain use in diets for dairy cows.

Studies of the Australian Illawarra Shorthorn breed of dairy cattle. I. Breed structure

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
ND Herron ◽  
WA Pattie
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
Breed Improvement ◽  
The One

The structure of the pedigree Australian Illawarra Shorthorn breed in Australia was analysed by using registration data from the Society's Herd Books. The breed may be divided into three broad levels, namely, Breeders' Herds, Multipliers' Herds and Grade (unregistered) Herds. Of the registered herds, 32% are Breeders' Herds and the remainder are Multipliers' Herds. These are each subdivided into four strata depending on their importance as a source of breeding material, and on their registration practices respectively. Of major importance is the highest stratum of the breed. It comprised only 13.6% of all herds, but accounted for 40.5% of male and 24.8% of female registrations. There is a high ratio of females to males registered of 5.9, which indicates considerable selective registration of males. The degree of this selective registration generally increases at the lower strata, ranging from 3.6 at the top of the structure to 8.7 toward the bottom of the structure. Of all new herds initiated from 1931 to 1971, 44% survived less than 5 years. These short-lived herds averaged only 3.3 female registrations per year, but herd size increased as longevity increased. These points highlight the instability of new, small studs, and indicate that few herds are big enough, or exist for long enough, to contribute significantly to breed improvement. It is not likely that there is much genetic variation between herds. Bulls from major breeders' herds are used widely throughout the breed, while 68% of sires and 24% of dams are bred in herds other than the one in which they were used.

scholarly journals Occurrence of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in maize silage in the region of Vojvodina, Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Glamočić ◽  
Miroslava Polovinski Horvatović ◽  
Igor Jajić ◽  
Saša Krstović ◽  
Darko Guljaš
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Two Samples

Abstract Silage made from the whole-plant maize is one of the most popular forages in Serbia. Consumption of maize silage by cows can be up to 30-35 kg/day. In Serbia in the few last years in the focus of the public and agriculture community were two mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 and its metabolite aflatoxin M1 due to the outbreak of contaminated maize which affected the Balkans in 2012. Maize is regularly checked on the occurrence of aflatoxin B1, however forages are often neglected as a potential source of mycotoxins in the nutrition of dairy cattle. In this work, 48 samples of maize silage were analyzed for the occurrence of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and zearalenone. Samples were collected from three regions (Bačka, Banat and Srem) in Vojvodina. In all samples, at least one mycotoxin above the limit of quantification was measured. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in 36 (75%) samples. In two samples from Banat, the concentration of aflatoxin B1 exceeded the maximum level (ML) set by Serbian regulation (30 µg/kg at moisture content of 12%). In seven samples, the concentration of aflatoxin B1 was above 20 µg/kg which is the EU regulated ML. Average concentration of ochratoxin A was 10.4 µg/kg, while the maximum measured value was 34.3 µg/kg. Maximum zearalenone content in all samples was 538 µg/kg while the average zearalenone concentration was 138 µg/kg. The results from this research point out that mycotoxin contaminated silage in the region of Vojvodina, Serbia can significantly contribute to daily intake of aflatoxin B1 in dairy cattle.

Statistical tools to select for robustness and milk quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 606-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Strandberg ◽  
M. Felleki ◽  
W. F. Fikse ◽  
J. Franzén ◽  
H. A. Mulder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Environmental Sensitivity ◽  
Highly Correlated

This work was part of the EU RobustMilk project. In this work package, we have focused on two aspects of robustness, micro- and macro-environmental sensitivity and applied these to somatic cell count (SCC), one aspect of milk quality. We showed that it is possible to combine both categorical and continuous descriptions of the environment in one analysis of genotype by environment interaction. We also developed a method to estimate genetic variation in residual variance and applied it to both simulated and a large field data set of dairy cattle. We showed that it is possible to estimate genetic variation in both micro- and macro-environmental sensitivity in the same data, but that there is a need for good data structure. In a dairy cattle example, this would mean at least 100 bulls with at least 100 daughters each. We also developed methods for improved genetic evaluation of SCC. We estimated genetic variance for some alternative SCC traits, both in an experimental herd data and in field data. Most of them were highly correlated with subclinical mastitis (>0.9) and clinical mastitis (0.7 to 0.8), and were also highly correlated with each other. We studied whether the fact that animals in different herds are differentially exposed to mastitis pathogens could be a reason for the low heritabilities for mastitis, but did not find strong evidence for that. We also created a new model to estimate breeding values not only for the probability of getting mastitis but also for recovering from it. In a progeny-testing situation, this approach resulted in accuracies of 0.75 and 0.4 for these two traits, respectively, which means that it is possible to also select for cows that recover more quickly if they get mastitis.

scholarly journals Nutritional potential of bamboo leaves for feeding dairy cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Herilalao Andriarimalala ◽  
Claude Cocou Kpomasse ◽  
Paulo Salgado ◽  
Noroseheno Ralisoa ◽  
Jayraman Durai
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Feed shortage during the dry season in the highlands of Madagascar negatively impacts the dairy cattle productivity, as well as the farmers’ income. Bamboo can produce a high quantity of biomass and could be an alternative way to increase the fodder supply for cattle. The present study aimed to assess the compositional information and the optimal rate of bamboo as fodder for dairy cattle. Leaf samples from nine bamboo species were collected to determine their chemical composition and nutritive value. A feeding experiment was also conducted using ten dairy cows, over ten weeks. Bamboo leaves were mixed with maize silage in five proportions: SIL0:BAM100, SIL25:BAM75, SIL50:BAM50, SIL75:BAM25 and SIL100:BAM0. The contents of dry matter, total ash and crude protein in the bamboo leaves were, respectively, 44.5-64.6 %, 6.68-18.5 % and 7.71-15.4 %. In the feeding trial, the dry matter intake of bamboo leaves was 1.6-7.1 kg per day, with an average of 4.8 kg per day. The dry matter apparent digestibility of bamboo leaves was 37.4-56.4 %. The milk production reached 13.6-14.4 L per cow, per day, but there was no significant difference concerning the rate of bamboo leaves in the mixed diet (p > 0.05). The introduction of bamboo leaves into the ruminants diet did not affect their milk production.

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