scholarly journals Enhancing transmission and distribution system coordination and control in GB using power services from DERs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (18) ◽  
pp. 4911-4915
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Martínez Sanz ◽  
Biljana Stojkovska ◽  
Angela Wilks ◽  
Jonathan Horne ◽  
Ali R. Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
And Control ◽  
Transmission And Distribution ◽  
Coordination And Control

Decentralized Algorithm for Force Distribution With Applications to Cooperative Transport

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monroe D. Kennedy ◽  
Luis Guerrero ◽  
Vijay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Interaction Forces ◽  
Coordination Algorithms ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Cooperating Robots ◽  
Cooperative Transport ◽  
And Control ◽  
Coordination And Control ◽  
Centralized Coordination

We consider a system of cooperating robots transporting an object in which each individual robot is small and resource constrained and the number of robots is large precluding architectures that support a centralized coordination and control system. In nature, a swarm of ants can transport large payloads that are beyond the capability of individual organisms by using simple strategies that only require coordination with their immediate neighbors. We adopt a similar paradigm in which robots communicate with their immediate neighbors although the wireless communication links that are typical in small robots can be noisy and therefore not robust. We derive decentralized coordination algorithms that allow robots to converge to a load distribution system that is optimal in the sense of minimizing interaction forces while achieving the desired resultant wrench to allow manipulation and transport. We demonstrate the key ideas using simulations for 100 robots.

Floating wetland islands as a method of nitrogen mass reduction: results of a 1 year test

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 704-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Vázquez-Burney ◽  
James Bays ◽  
Ryan Messer ◽  
Jeffrey Harris
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Hydraulic Residence Time ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pasco County ◽  
Water Transmission ◽  
And Control ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

Floating wetland islands (FWIs) were tested in Pasco County, Florida, as a method of reducing total nitrogen (TN) in reclaimed water during reservoir storage. The Pasco County Master Reuse System (PCMRS) is a regional reclaimed-water transmission and distribution system providing wastewater effluent disposal for the county. Total daily mass loading from reclaimed water is limited by nitrogen content in the PCMRS watershed. To test TN reduction efficacy, 20 FWIs were constructed, installed, and monitored in a lined pond receiving PCMRS reclaimed water. In total, 149 m2 of FWIs were installed, distributed as a connected network covering 1,122 m2, or 7% of pond area. Pond hydraulic residence time averaged 15.7 days. Treatment performance was assessed during three consecutive periods: establishment (first 6 months of grow-in), performance (8 months immediately following grow-in), and control (3 months after the FWIs were removed from the pond). The FWIs enhanced pond nitrogen removal capacity by 32%. The primary effect of the FWIs was to decrease organic nitrogen in the pond outflow. By evaluating the difference between the performance and control periods, an incremental TN removal rate for the FWIs was calculated to be 4.2 kg N/m2 FWI per year.

A Review of Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM)

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 1389-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Jie Ma ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Xue Song Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Static Synchronous Compensator ◽  
Converter Topologies ◽  
And Control ◽  
Transmission And Distribution ◽  
Fast Acting

This paper reviews the development of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), and analylizes the structure of its main circuit, its working principles and control strategies. At last, this paper comes to a conclusion of technical characteristics of STATCOM and outlook of its development trends. Fast acting STATCOM, a representative of FACTS family, is a promising technology which is extensively used as state-of-the-art dynamic shunt compensator for reactive power control in transmission and distribution system. STATCOM controller employs various solid-state converter topologies, magnetics configurations, control algorithms, and switching techniques and so on. The development of STATCOM controller has been well reported in literature with its versatile application in power system. Thus deep investigation of STATCOM from the perspective of its intelligent control and the configuration of STATCOM’s main circuit is valuable.

scholarly journals New Engineering Thinking for a New Climate

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (06) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Michael E. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Energy Transitions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

This article emphasis the need for new engineering approaches to deal with increasing environmental challenges. The Paris Agreement calls on mechanical engineers to take the ongoing decarbonization trend and accelerate it. The challenge of the Paris Agreement differs from earlier energy transitions in an important way: this shift is being intentionally pushed along, rather than occurring accidentally as before. Handling the influx of power from intermittent sources such as wind and solar is going to require mechanical engineers to rethink the transmission and distribution system. The Paris Agreement gives unambiguous direction to mechanical engineers: develop better hardware, algorithms, and control systems to decarbonize the power sector. In the process of accomplishing the task, there are a great many benefits that will certainly result from it: generating electricity with greater efficiency, building a grid that is more robust and flexible, and preparing engineering graduates to have a larger impact on society.

Colliding Coordination Structures in Multilevel Systems of Government (and How to Live with It)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Egeberg ◽  
Jarle Trondal
Keyword(s):  
Network Governance ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Multilevel Systems ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
And Control ◽  
Coordination And Control

This chapter discusses governance dilemmas that are often overlooked in studies that do not encompass the ecology of organization in public governance. The chapter discusses how coordination structures may counteract each other in multilevel systems of government. The ambition of the chapter is twofold: Firstly, a coordination dilemma is theoretically and empirically illustrated by the seeming incompatibility between a more direct (interconnected) and sectorally specialized implementation structure in the multilevel EU administrative system and trends towards strengthening coordination and control within nation states. Secondly, the chapter discusses organizational arrangements that may enable governance systems to live with the coordination dilemma in practice. This coordination dilemma seems to have been largely ignored in the literature on EU network governance and national ‘joined-up government’ respectively.

scholarly journals Bio-inspired Coordination and Control of Autonomous Vehicles in Future Manufacturing and Goods Transportation

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 10861-10866
Author(s):  
Constantin F. Caruntu ◽  
Carlos M. Pascal ◽  
Anca Maxim ◽  
Ovidiu Pauca
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
And Control ◽  
Coordination And Control

scholarly journals Analysis of Various Options for Balancing Power Systems’ Peak Load

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Henryk Majchrzak ◽  
Michał Kozioł
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
End Users ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Continuous Energy ◽  
Storage Solutions ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

The balancing of the power of the Polish Power System (KSE) is a key element in ensuring the safety of electric energy supplies to end users. This article presents an analysis of the power demand in power systems (PS), with emphasis on the typical power variability both in subsequent hours of the day and on particular days and in particular months each year. The methodology for calculating the costs of electric energy undelivered to the end users and the amount of these costs for KSE is presented. Different possibilities have been analyzed for balancing power systems’ peak load and assumptions have been formulated for calculating the amount of the related costs. On this basis, a comparative analysis has been made of the possibility to balance peak load using operators’ system services, trans-border connections, and various energy storage solutions. On the basis of the obtained results, optimal tools have been proposed for market-based influence from transmission and distribution system operators on energy market participants’ behaviors in order to ensure the power systems’ operating safety and continuous energy deliveries to end users.

Pipeline Instrumentation: The British Gas National Transmission System

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
P Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Instrument Engineer ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

The transmission and distribution system operated by British Gas plc is the largest integrated pipeline system in Europe. The whole system comprises a national transmission system which carries gas from five terminals to the twelve gas regions. Each region in turn carries the gas through a regional transmission system into a distribution grid and thence onto its customers. The national, regional and distribution system all present the instrument engineer with different technical challenges because of the way in which they have been built and are operated, however, it is simplest to characterise them by their process conditions. The operating pressure is highest in the national transmission system being up to 75 bar, in the regional transmission system the pressure is usually less than 37 bar, and in the distribution grid it is less than 7 bar. In general, the pipe diameters decrease from the national system downwards, and the measured flowrates are lowest in the distribution grids. This paper is concerned only with instrumentation on the national transmission system. The discussion will cover current technology which is typical of that being installed at present, and concentrates on the more commonly found instrumentation. The paper begins with a brief history of development of the national transmission system and a description of how it is operated. This is followed by a discussion on the application of computers to the control of unmanned installations. A section concerning the measurement of pressure and its application to the control of the system comes next. The main part of the paper contains an analysis of high accuracy flowmetering and the paper concludes with some comments on developments in instrumentation and their application to changing operation of the national transmission system.

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