Direct voltage and trapped charge effects on the protective characteristic of ZnO surge arresters

1995 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 442-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Haddad ◽  
D.M. German ◽  
W.A. Marley ◽  
P. Naylor ◽  
R.T. Waters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Effects ◽  
Direct Voltage ◽  
Surge Arresters ◽  
Protective Characteristic ◽  
Trapped Charge

Modeling of trapped charge effects in ferroelectrics: application to piezoactuators

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Klotins ◽  
K. Kundzins ◽  
Andris R. Sternberg ◽  
Vismants Zauls ◽  
A. James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Effects ◽  
Trapped Charge

Specimen Collection Effect in Scanning Electron Microscopy Images

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black ◽  
Jose Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electrons ◽  
Charge Effects ◽  
Material Density ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Curved Paths ◽  
Subject Material ◽  
Microscopy Images

In the SEM, contrast in the image is the result of variations in the volume secondary electron emission and backscatter emission which reaches the detector and serves to intensity modulate the signal for the CRT's. This emission is a function of the accelerating potential, material density, chemistry, crystallography, local charge effects, surface morphology and especially the angle of the incident electron beam with the particular surface site. Aside from the influence of object inclination, the surface morphology is the most important feature In producing contrast. “Specimen collection“ is the name given the shielding of the collector by adjacent parts of the specimen, producing much image contrast. This type of contrast can occur for both secondary and backscatter electrons even though the secondary electrons take curved paths to the detector-collector.Figure 1 demonstrates, in a unique and striking fashion, the specimen collection effect. The subject material here is Armco Iron, 99.85% purity, which was spark machined.

A Practical Review of IEC Standards for Line Surge Arresters

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (12) ◽  
pp. 940-946
Author(s):  
Kenji Tsuge ◽  
Yoshihiro Ishizaki ◽  
Misao Kobayashi ◽  
Hironori Suzuki ◽  
Masatoshi Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Surge Arresters

A High-Voltage High-Speed AC Switch Based on Controlled Vacuum Surge Arresters

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. SIDOROV ◽  
◽  
Gennady D. DOMASHENKO ◽  
Marat R. AKHMETGAREYEV ◽  
Yurii V. SHCHERBAKOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Surge Arresters
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