scholarly journals Design parameters of a reluctance actuation system for stable operation conditions with applications of high‐precision motions in lithography machines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Al Saaideh ◽  
Natheer Alatawneh ◽  
Mohammad Al Janaideh
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Actuation System

Modeling of PVA Modified Non-Woven for Submerged Membrane Bioreactor Treating Synthetic Wastewater

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 1109-1117
Author(s):  
Chun Hua Zhang ◽  
Yu Ying Dong ◽  
Feng Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Fouling Resistance ◽  
Submerged Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, a mathematical model has been developed for the submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) Modified Non-woven model is immerged in MBR to be used for synthetic wastewater treatment. The results show that membrane fouling resistance is mostly cake resistance occurring during filtration. Based on the concept of specific fouling resistance and Darcy law that describes the relationship between flux and resistance during filtration driven by pressure, a module is established to explain the relationship between specific fouling resistance and time during filtration controlled by cake resistance in SMBR. The decline trend of flux can be predicted by the model. The model is used to predict the decline trend of flux during pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. Compared with experimental data, the relative error is less than 10% at t>b, the relative error is less than 5% at t>2b. It shows that the model can predict the decline trend of flux during stable operation of SMBR. But the relative error is bigger during unstable operation at initial stage (t<b). The model developed in this study would provide a useful tool in optimizing operation conditions as well as design parameters for a SMBR system.

LED MODULE WITH ELECTRONIC ILLUMINATION CONTROL

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 146-154
Author(s):  
V. Lisovenko ◽  
D. Lisovenko ◽  
O. Bazyk
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Directional Pattern ◽  
Current Strength ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Computer Design ◽  
Light Power ◽  
Electron Dynamic

Many energy saving tasks can be solved thanks to the current advances in LED technology in the production of semiconductor light sources. Modern production of solid-state LEDs guarantees high-precision compliance with the calculated design parameters of illumination devices. This opens up wide opportunities for high-precision control of the lighting parameters of a multicomponent module: light power, a directional pattern and a distribution of illumination. Today, the methodical issues of the preliminary modeling of LED illumination devices with the given parameters are fundamentally solved. There is a shift from manual calculations to computer design and need to develop and select the most effective mathematical modeling methods. The paper presents a consistent approach to the modeling of the distribution of illumination on a horizontal plane from the planar LED module, based on the Lambert type of radiation of a single point source. Simple mathematical expressions, programmed on a personal computer, are obtained. The example of a 25-LED floodlight has shown the ability of dynamic control the lighting characteristics of the module. Connecting patterns of separate LEDs or their groups allow to change the direction pattern of the lamp by the appropriate way of switching diodes with different aperture of radiation. The lighting power can be controlled within the linearity of the ampere-brightness characteristics by changing the current strength through the LED. The static selection of characteristics is controlled by the geometry of the location of discrete sources. The formation of uniform illumination of the plane is graphically illustrated. The electron-dynamic way of controlling the lighting parameters of the LED floodlight is confirmed by the inventor’s certificate.

Trade-Off Analysis for the Design of a High Performance Hydrostatic Actuation System

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Habibi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Quadratic Programming ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Dominant Design

Abstract This paper considers the design of a high performance hydrostatic actuation system referred to as the ElectroHydraulic Actuator (EHA). The expected performance of EHA and its dominant design parameters are identified by using mathematical modeling. The design parameters are classified into Direct and Indirect categories based on the measure of their accessibility to the designer. The Direct parameters are directly quantifiable and, can be linked to the performance of EHA through a set of mathematical functions. A prototype of EHA has been produced and described. The mathematical functions linking performance to design parameters are used to investigate design trade-offs. Design improvements to the prototype are suggested by using constrained quadratic programming.

Application of High Precision ADC in Seawater Total Organic Carbon Quick Measurement

2012 ◽  
Vol 482-484 ◽  
pp. 224-228
Author(s):  
Guo Xing Ren ◽  
Yong Zuo Tang ◽  
Ran Ma ◽  
Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
High Precision ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Photo Multiplier Tube ◽  
Measurement Resolution ◽  
Quick Measurement ◽  
Sea Area

Aiming at the requirement of fast-response high-precision in seawater Total Organic Carbon ( TOC) quickly measurement, this paper presented a design scheme based on AD7799.The system took 24-bit △-∑ ADC AD7799 as the core and HAMAMATSU H5784 Photo Multiplier Tube (PMT) as photo-electric sensor. The design realized the measurement of chemiluminescence that correlates to seawater TOC. The experiments in the laboratory and Qingdao sea area show that the system possesses stable operation and high reliability. The experiment results show that the measurement resolution exceeds 0.001 mg/L and the measurement accuracy is 0.01 mg/L.

Combustion Properties of Norwegian Biomass: Wood Chips and Forest Residues

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 4564-4568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Houshfar ◽  
Judit Sandquist ◽  
Wilson Musinguzi ◽  
Roger A. Khalil ◽  
Michaël Becidan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Excess Air ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Fuel Reactor ◽  
Air Staging

Flue gas emissions and particle size distribution were investigated during combustion experiments of wood, forest residue and mixtures of these two. The combustion experiments were carried out in a grate fired multi-fuel reactor with and without air staging at stable operation conditions and constant temperature of 850 °C. The overall excess air ratio was held at 1.6, and the primary excess air ratio was 0.8 during air staged experiments. NOx emissions are reduced by air staging. Fly ash particle concentration of forest residues in the flue gas is lower than wood. Aerosols number increased in the staged experiments for fuel blends.

Screw Conveyor Design and Processing in Rubber Production

2011 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 394-398
Author(s):  
Ping Fu ◽  
Shan Hu Li ◽  
Chuan Sheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Screw Conveyor ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Rubber Production ◽  
Actual Production ◽  
Helical Blade ◽  
The Impact

Powder was fed to improving or increasing rubber performance in rubber production. Due to the variety of powder, different feeding quantity and material liquidity and high precision needed, often choose screw conveyor to convey and weigh all kinds of powder. This paper mainly introduce the structure of the screw conveyor for rubber production, analyses the impact of the main parameters of screw conveyor on its performance and conveying capacity. A method of chosen and confirmed the mainly design parameters of screw conveyor was illustrated, and introduced the helical blade and screw shaft of the screw conveyor processing method combining with actual production.

scholarly journals Engineering Design Tools for Shape Memory Alloy Actuators: CASMART Collaborative Best Practices and Case Studies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Wheeler ◽  
Othmane Benafan ◽  
Xiujie Gao ◽  
Frederick T. Calkins ◽  
Zahra Ghanbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Solar Array ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Actuation System

The primary goal of the Consortium for the Advancement of Shape Memory Alloy Research and Technology (CASMART) is to enable the design of revolutionary applications based on shape memory alloy (SMA) technology. In order to help realize this goal and reduce the development time and required experience for the fabrication of SMA actuation systems, several modeling tools have been developed for common actuator types and are discussed herein along with case studies, which highlight the capabilities and limitations of these tools. Due to their ability to sustain high stresses and recover large deformations, SMAs have many potential applications as reliable, lightweight, solid-state actuators. Their advantage over classical actuators can also be further improved when the actuator geometry is modified to fit the specific application. In this paper, three common actuator designs are studied: wires, which are lightweight, low-profile, and easily implemented; springs, which offer actuation strokes upwards of 200% at reduced mechanical loads; and torque tubes, which can provide large actuation forces in small volumes and develop a repeatable zero-load actuation response (known as the two-way shape memory effect). The modeling frameworks, which have been implemented in the design tools, are developed for each of these frequently used SMA actuator types. In order to demonstrate the versatility and flexibility of the presented design tools, as well as validate their modeling framework, several design challenges were completed. These case studies include the design and development of an active hinge for the deployment of a solar array or foldable space structure, an adaptive solar array deployment and positioning system, a passive air temperature controller for the regulation of flow temperatures inside of a jet engine, and a redesign of the Corvette active hatch, which allows for pressure equalization of the car interior. For each of the presented case studies, a prototype or proof-of-concept was fabricated and the experimental results and lessons learned are discussed. This analysis presents a collection of CASMART collaborative best practices in order to allow readers to utilize the available design tools and understand their modeling principles. These design tools, which are based on engineering models, can provide first-order optimal designs and are a basic and efficient method for either demonstrating design feasibility or refining design parameters. Although the design and integration of an SMA-based actuation system always requires application- and environment-specific engineering considerations, common modeling tools can significantly reduce the investment required for actuation system development and provide valuable engineering insight.

scholarly journals Studying Kinematics and Capacity of Tools of Organic Fertilizer Loader

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 1109
Author(s):  
Evgeny Evgenievich Demin ◽  
Pavel Ivanovich Pavlov ◽  
Rustam Rafitovich Khakimzyanov ◽  
Victor Alekseevich Mukhio ◽  
Andrey Anatolyevich Protasov
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Load Handling ◽  
Tool Diameter

This article discusses the issue of theoretical background of capacity of new load handling tools of continuous loaders for organic fertilizers on the basis of kinematic analysis of their motion. Loader efficiency is estimated by a set of performances the main of which is loading capacity. The loading capacity is determined by design and kinematic parameters of tools. Theoretical determination of capacity is an important scientific task, its solution would permit to substantiate loader parameters for predetermined operation conditions. Kinematic analysis of spiral, vane, shredding screw load handling tools is performed. Capacity of shredding tools is determined as a function of design and operation parameters as well as physicochemical properties of organic fertilizers. The obtained equations take into account motion pattern of tools, kinematic and design parameters as well as physicochemical properties of manure. The capacity depends quadratically on tool diameter. Dependence on other parameters is in fact directly proportional. The influence of tool angular velocity and its forward velocity is related with trigonometric functions of rotation angles during separation and gripping of organic fertilizers.  

Tensile Test Apparatus for Micro-Scale Specimens on Scanning Electron Microscope Using Sub-Pixel Digital Image Correlation

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sailesh Pradhan ◽  
T. C. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Test ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Precision Data ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Force Resolution

Design parameters for a new micro tensile testing arrangement have been presented. The device is well suited for conducting in-situ tensile test experimentation on the SEM using SPDIC technique to obtain strains and material properties of free-standing thin film specimens. A high precision, high resolution hybrid linear actuator is employed to apply the necessary tensile force. Resolution of linear motion of the actuator is around ±0.3μm. Applied forces are measured using a high precision load cell. The DAQ device is a laboratory computer running a measurement and automation software. Use of the apparatus facilitates real time capturing of images of specimens undergoing strain. Key features of the apparatus are ease of use, portability and simplicity of the entire design while maintaining high accuracy and precision data acquisition capabilities. Coupled with SPDIC techniques, the apparatus can be used to measure in-plane displacements with a resolution up to 10nm.

The influence of the design parameters of the milking machine collector on the oscillation of the vacuum pressure in the suction phase

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
V. I. Achkevych ◽  
V. S. Khmelevsky ◽  
O. M. Achkevych
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Vacuum Pressure ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Compression Phase ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Milking Machine

Annotation Purpose. Substantiation of design parameters of two-chamber collector of milking apparatus by stabilization of vacuum mode of milkline of milking apparatus. Methods. An analysis of the results of experimental studies was used, which were carried out in laboratory conditions using methods of planning multi-factor experiments and statistical processing of experimental data using appropriate software. Results. Based on the results of theoretical substantiation, a prototype of a two-chamber milking collector of a milking machine was made and experimental studies were carried out on with varying structural factors according to the intensity of milk breeding. The analysis of the results of the experimental studies indicates that the rational diameter of the milk hose is 12 mm, with a throttle hole of 2 mm. The use of the proposed two-chamber collector with a portion inlet of air in the milking machine allows us to stabilize the vacuum pressure in the sucking phase, as a result of which milk with low content of somatic cells is of the highest quality. Conclusions. It has been found that the stable operation of the milking machine provides a constant vacuum pressure in the sucking phase and a sufficient drop in the vacuum pressure in the compression phase. The appropriate pressure level will be maintained by combining the diameters of the milk hose 12 mm and the throttle opening 2 mm. Keywords: milking machine, vacuum pressure, milk-shaped hose, throttle hole, two-chamber collector.

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