Rectangular-pulse generator and memory element with a Gunn diode

1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
D. Boccon-Gibod
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Rectangular Pulse ◽  
Gunn Diode ◽  
Memory Element

Special type of emitter-coupled rectangular pulse generator

1976 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.K. Tyagi ◽  
R.K. Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Rectangular Pulse

300 kV rectangular pulse generator with nanosecond risetime

1974 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1546-1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Genuario ◽  
J. C. Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Rectangular Pulse

Note: A rectangular pulse generator for 50 kV voltage, 0.8 ns rise time, and 10 ns pulse width based on polymer-film switch

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 106109
Author(s):  
Hanyu Wu ◽  
Xinjun Zhang ◽  
Tieping Sun ◽  
Zhengzhong Zeng ◽  
Peitian Cong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Film ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Rectangular Pulse

A high-voltage semiconductor rectangular-pulse generator for powering a barrier discharge

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Malashin ◽  
S. I. Moshkunov ◽  
V. Yu. Khomich ◽  
E. A. Shershunova
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Rectangular Pulse

scholarly journals Paralleling insulated-gate bipolar transistors in the H-bridge structure to reduce current stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Memarian Sorkhabi ◽  
Karen Wendt ◽  
Daniel Rogers ◽  
Timothy Denison
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Rectangular Pulse ◽  
Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Storage Capacitor ◽  
Magnetic Pulse ◽  
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Current Stress ◽  
Magnetic Stimulus ◽  
Power Switches

AbstractIn this study we present the new power electronic circuit implementation to create the arbitrary near-rectangular electromagnetic pulse. To this end, we develop a parallel- Insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBT)-based magnetic pulse generator utilizing the H-bridge architecture. This approach effectively reduces the current stress on the power switches while maintaining a simple structure using a single DC source and energy storage capacitor. Experimental results from the circuit characterization show that the proposed circuit is capable of repeatedly generating near-rectangular magnetic pulses and enables the generation of configurable and stable magnetic pulses without causing excessive device stresses. The introduced device enables the production of near-rectangular pulse trains for modulated magnetic stimuli. The maximum positive pulse width in the proposed neurostimulator is up to 600 µs, which is adjustable by the operator at the step resolution of 10 µs. The maximum transferred energy to the treatment coil was measured to be 100.4 J. The proposed transcranial magnetic stimulator (TMS) device enables more flexible magnetic stimulus shaping by H-bridge architecture and parallel IGBTs, which can effectively mitigate the current stress on power switches for repetitive treatment protocols.

Pacemakers and Defibrillators

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Magee ◽  
Mark Tooley
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Output Pulse ◽  
Rectangular Pulse ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Cardiac Pacemakers ◽  
Tissue Resistance ◽  
Pass Through

Cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators are used to stimulate cardiac muscle directly. The pacemaker corrects for abnormalities in the heart rate (this can be fast or slow). Defibrillators are used to restore a fibrillating or tachycardic heart, to sinus rhythm. These are normally external, battery or mains powered, but can be internal devices, which are called Implantable Cardiac Devices (ICDs). Pacemakers that deal with bradycardia will be considered first. Normally a slow or irregular heart rhythm is caused by three types of heart block: ◆ First degree, where the delay at the AV junction is increased beyond the normal 0.2 s; ◆ Second degree, where a proportion of the depolarisation wave fails to pass through the AV junction; ◆ Complete block, where none of the depolarisation waves pass through the AV junction, and ventricular electrical activity is independent of supraventricular activity. In all these cases, the ventricles will beat at a slower or irregular rate. Dizziness or loss of consciousness may occur. The simplest pacemaker consists of three major components: batteries, the pulse generator, and the electrode leads. The pulse generator is required to provide a rectangular pulse. Typical parameters are the duration of 1 ms, a voltage of 5 V and capable of delivering a current of 10 mA. The power needed per second (if the pacemaker is on all the time) would be I 2R = 50 mW, for an electrode tissue resistance of 500 Ω. If the pacemaker is operating at 1 Hz (60 beats per minute), then the average power consumption would be 50 μW, as the pulse width is 1 ms (the pacemaker is on for 1/1000 of a second, and so the power consumption will be divided by 1000). A typical small battery has a capacity of 1 A h, so that this battery could supply the average current (10 μA) for about 11 years. The circuitry would also absorb power so that the battery life would drop to around 5 years. The batteries used are now commonly lithium iodide. The output pulse is applied to the tissue via an electrode. The electrode tip, which can screw in (or more unusually, is sown in), can be made of platinum, silver, stainless steel, titanium as well as various alloys.

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