The role of activity in corpus callosum development in the visual cortex

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hely
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Corpus Callosum

scholarly journals On Synchronizing Coupled Retinogeniculocortical Pathways: A Toy Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
B. L. Mayer ◽  
L. H. A. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
State Transition ◽  
Regular Lattice ◽  
Visual Cortices

A Newman-Watts graph is formed by including random links in a regular lattice. Here, the emergence of synchronization in coupled Newman-Watts graphs is studied. The whole neural network is considered as a toy model of mammalian visual pathways. It is composed by four coupled graphs, in which a coupled pair represents the lateral geniculate nucleus and the visual cortex of a cerebral hemisphere. The hemispheres communicate with each other through a coupling between the graphs representing the visual cortices. This coupling makes the role of the corpus callosum. The state transition of neurons, supposed to be the nodes of the graphs, occurs in discrete time and it follows a set of deterministic rules. From periodic stimuli coming from the retina, the neuronal activity of the whole network is numerically computed. The goal is to find out how the values of the parameters related to the network topology affect the synchronization among the four graphs.

scholarly journals Effect of corpus callosum agenesis on the language network in children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Bartha-Doering ◽  
Ernst Schwartz ◽  
Kathrin Kollndorfer ◽  
Florian Ph. S. Fischmeister ◽  
Astrid Novak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Functional Language ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Verbal Abilities ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Language Network

AbstractThe present study is interested in the role of the corpus callosum in the development of the language network. We, therefore, investigated language abilities and the language network using task-based fMRI in three cases of complete agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC), three cases of partial ACC and six controls. Although the children with complete ACC revealed impaired functions in specific language domains, no child with partial ACC showed a test score below average. As a group, ACC children performed significantly worse than healthy controls in verbal fluency and naming. Furthermore, whole-brain ROI-to-ROI connectivity analyses revealed reduced intrahemispheric and right intrahemispheric functional connectivity in ACC patients as compared to controls. In addition, stronger functional connectivity between left and right temporal areas was associated with better language abilities in the ACC group. In healthy controls, no association between language abilities and connectivity was found. Our results show that ACC is associated not only with less interhemispheric, but also with less right intrahemispheric language network connectivity in line with reduced verbal abilities. The present study, thus, supports the excitatory role of the corpus callosum in functional language network connectivity and language abilities.

scholarly journals Adaptive Integration in the Visual Cortex by Depressing Recurrent Cortical Circuits

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1847-1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. W. van Rossum ◽  
Matthijs A. A. van der Meer ◽  
Dengke Xiao ◽  
Mike W. Oram
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Higher Visual Areas ◽  
Recurrent Connections

Neurons in the visual cortex receive a large amount of input from recurrent connections, yet the functional role of these connections remains unclear. Here we explore networks with strong recurrence in a computational model and show that short-term depression of the synapses in the recurrent loops implements an adaptive filter. This allows the visual system to respond reliably to deteriorated stimuli yet quickly to high-quality stimuli. For low-contrast stimuli, the model predicts long response latencies, whereas latencies are short for high-contrast stimuli. This is consistent with physiological data showing that in higher visual areas, latencies can increase more than 100 ms at low contrast compared to high contrast. Moreover, when presented with briefly flashed stimuli, the model predicts stereotypical responses that outlast the stimulus, again consistent with physiological findings. The adaptive properties of the model suggest that the abundant recurrent connections found in visual cortex serve to adapt the network's time constant in accordance with the stimulus and normalizes neuronal signals such that processing is as fast as possible while maintaining reliability.

The cells of origin of the corpus callosum in rabbit visual cortex

1978 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey A. Swadlow ◽  
Theodore G. Weyand ◽  
Stephen G. Waxman
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Cells Of Origin ◽  
Rabbit Visual Cortex

scholarly journals Role of the Corpus Callosum in Speech Comprehension: Interfacing Syntax and Prosody

Neuron ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela D. Friederici ◽  
D. Yves von Cramon ◽  
Sonja A. Kotz
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Speech Comprehension

scholarly journals The Role of CREB, SRF, and MEF2 in Activity-Dependent Neuronal Plasticity in the Visual Cortex

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (28) ◽  
pp. 6628-6637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha S. Pulimood ◽  
Wandilson dos Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Devon A. Atkinson ◽  
Sandra M. Mooney ◽  
Alexandre E. Medina
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Plasticity ◽  
Activity Dependent

The role of ZIF268/EGR-1 during activity-dependent plasticity of developing visual cortex

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. S324
Author(s):  
Nobuko Mataga ◽  
Brian G. Condie ◽  
Sayaka Fujishima ◽  
Takao K. Hensch
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Dependent Plasticity ◽  
Activity Dependent
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