Simulative Analyses of Dynamical Behaviour of Steam-Powered Turbo generators during Power System Incidents with a higher Rate of Change of Frequency

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Assenkamp ◽  
R. Hoffmann ◽  
C. Kreischer ◽  
S. Exnowski
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Dynamical Behaviour ◽  
Rate Of Change

scholarly journals A Methodology for Provision of Frequency Stability in Operation Planning of Low Inertia Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
Michał Kosmecki ◽  
Robert Rink ◽  
Anna Wakszyńska ◽  
Roberto Ciavarella ◽  
Marialaura Di Somma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
System Level ◽  
Operation Planning ◽  
Planning Period ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Real Time Digital Simulator

Along with the increasing share of non-synchronous power sources, the inertia of power systems is being reduced, which can give rise to frequency containment problems should an outage of a generator or a power infeed happen. Low system inertia is eventually unavoidable, thus power system operators need to be prepared for this condition. This paper addresses the problem of low inertia in the power system from two different perspectives. At a system level, it proposes an operation planning methodology, which utilises a combination of power flow and dynamic simulation for calculation of existing inertia and, if need be, synthetic inertia (SI) to fulfil the security criterion of adequate rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). On a device level, it introduces a new concept for active power controller, which can be applied virtually to any power source with sufficient response time to create synthetic inertia. The methodology is demonstrated for a 24 h planning period, for which it proves to be effective. The performance of SI controller activated in a battery energy storage system (BESS) is positively validated using a real-time digital simulator (RTDS). Both proposals can effectively contribute to facilitating the operation of low inertia power systems.

An instrument for the measurement of rate of change of power-system frequencies

1950 ◽  
Vol 1950 (9) ◽  
pp. 235-236
Author(s):  
E. Bradshaw ◽  
M.Z. Tanyeloglu
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Rate Of Change

Distributed Virtual Synchronous Generator approach versus Singular Virtual Synchronous Generator approach: A dynamic stability evaluation

2020 ◽  
pp. 0309524X2097546
Author(s):  
Abdul Waheed Kumar ◽  
Mairaj ud din Mufti ◽  
Mubashar Yaqoob Zargar
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Transient Stability ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Clearing Time ◽  
Magnetic Energy Storage ◽  
Virtual Synchronous Generator

This paper reports the modeling and dynamic performance of a wind penetrated multi-area power system incorporating a Singular Virtual Synchronous Generator (SVSG)/Distributed Virtual Synchronous Generator (DVSG). The active and reactive power controls are achieved by using Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) as Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG). SMES based VSG control parameters are tuned offline using genetic algorithm (GA). Two topologies of VSGs are considered in this paper: SVSG at lowest inertia generator bus (SVSGGENBUS), SVSG at load bus (SVSGLOADBUS) and DVSG of comparatively smaller rating at three lowest inertia generator buses. A modified 18 machine, 70-bus power system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. System performance is assessed for two different types of disturbances: step wind disturbance and three-phase fault. The simulation results show that rate of change of frequency (ROCOF), deviations in frequency and voltage are minimized with DVSG. Transient stability measured in terms of critical clearing time (CCT) verifies that CCT is increased by DVSG topology.

scholarly journals Frequency Stability Evaluation in Low Inertia Systems Utilizing Smart Hierarchical Controllers

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3506
Author(s):  
Minas Patsalides ◽  
Christina N. Papadimitriou ◽  
Venizelos Efthymiou ◽  
Roberto Ciavarella ◽  
Marialaura Di Somma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Frequency Stability ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
The Impact

The high penetration of the Renewable Energy Sources and other emerging technologies likely to be installed in future power grids will pose new operational challenges to grid operators. One of the main issues expected to affect the operation of the power grid is the impact of inverter-based technologies to the power system inertia and, hence, to system stability. Consequently, the main challenge of the future grid is the evaluation of the frequency stability in the presence of inverter-based systems and how the aforementioned technology can support frequency stability without the help of the rotating masses of the traditional power grid systems. To assess the above problem, this paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the frequency stability in a projection of the real distribution grid in Cyprus with the time horizon to be the year 2030. The power grid under investigation is evaluated with and without the presence of smart hierarchical controllers for providing support to the power system under disturbance conditions. The advanced controllers were applied to manage the available power resource in a fast and effective manner to maintain frequency within nominal levels. The controllers have been implemented in two hierarchical levels revealing useful responses for managing low-inertia networks. The first is set to act locally within a preselected area and the second level effectively supporting the different areas for optimal operation. After undertaking a significant number of simulations for time-series of one year, it was concluded from the results that the local control approach manages to minimize the frequency excursion effectively and influence all related attributes including the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF), frequency nadir and frequency zenith.

scholarly journals Novel Coordinated Control Strategy of BESS and PMSG-WTG for Fast Frequency Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3874
Author(s):  
Hyunwook Kim ◽  
Junghun Lee ◽  
Jaehyeong Lee ◽  
Gilsoo Jang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power System ◽  
Frequency Response ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Coordinated Control ◽  
Test System ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Inertia Response

An increase in inverter-based resources (IBRs) can lower the inertia of a power system, which may adversely affect the power system by causing changes such as a frequency nadir reduction or an increased initial rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). To prevent this, an ancillary service called fast frequency response (FFR) helps the inertia response by using IBRs. The main resources used in FFR are variable-speed wind turbine generators (VSWTGs) or energy storage systems (ESSs), which can respond quickly through converter control. The control is applied to the frequency regulation service faster than the primary frequency response, so the second frequency nadir may fall below the first frequency nadir. This study proposed a novel coordinated control strategy to efficiently utilize energy to improve the frequency nadir through coordinated control of wind turbines based on permanent magnetic synchronous generators (PMSGs) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs). The simulation results confirmed that the two-bus test system was composed of PSCAD/EMTDC, and the frequency nadir increased by utilizing the same amount of energy as in traditional control systems.

scholarly journals Contribution of Wind Farms to the Stability of Power Systems with High Penetration of Renewables

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2207
Author(s):  
Jesus Castro Martinez ◽  
Santiago Arnaltes ◽  
Jaime Alonso-Martinez ◽  
Jose Luis Rodriguez Amenedo
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Droop Control ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Controller Performance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
System Inertia

Power system inertia is being reduced because of the increasing penetration of renewable energies, most of which use power electronic interfaces with the grid. This paper analyses the contribution of inertia emulation and droop control to the power system stability. Although inertia emulation may appear the best option to mitigate frequency disturbances, a thorough analysis of the shortcomings that face real-time implementations shows the opposite. Measurement noise and response delay for inertia emulation hinder controller performance, while the inherently fast droop response of electronic converters provides better frequency support. System stability, expressed in terms of rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) and frequency nadir, is therefore improved with droop control, compared to inertia emulation.

scholarly journals Optimization of Fuzzy Logic Controller for Supervisory Power System Stabilizers

10.14311/1518 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. Al-Turki ◽  
A.-F. Attia ◽  
H. F. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Power System ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Adaptive Fuzzy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adaptive Fuzzy Logic

This paper presents a powerful supervisory power system stabilizer (PSS) using an adaptive fuzzy logic controller driven by an adaptive fuzzy set (AFS). The system under study consists of two synchronous generators, each fitted with a PSS, which are connected via double transmission lines. Different types of PSS-controller techniques are considered. The proposed genetic adaptive fuzzy logic controller (GAFLC)-PSS, using 25 rules, is compared with a static fuzzy logic controller (SFLC) driven by a fixed fuzzy set (FFS) which has 49 rules. Both fuzzy logic controller (FLC) algorithms utilize the speed error and its rate of change as an input vector. The adaptive FLC algorithm uses a genetic algorithmto tune the parameters of the fuzzy set of each PSS. The FLC’s are simulated and tested when the system is subjected to different disturbances under a wide range of operating points. The proposed GAFLC using AFS reduced the computational time of the FLC, where the number of rules is reduced from 49 to 25 rules. In addition, the proposed adaptive FLC driven by a genetic algorithm also reduced the complexity of the fuzzy model, while achieving a good dynamic response of the system under study.

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