Smart handpumps: technical aspects of a one-year field trial in rural Kenya

Author(s):  
T. Papastylianou ◽  
S. Laranjeira ◽  
P. Thomson ◽  
A. Guazzi ◽  
G.D. Clifford ◽  
...  
2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Szczukowski ◽  
J. Tworkowski ◽  
A. Klasa ◽  
M. Stolarski

In the period 1996–1999 field trial was performed in Obory near Kwidzyn on heavy textured Fluvisols. The experiment was aimed to determine yield, chemical composition, heat value of wood of six genotypes of willow coppice in relation to cutting frequency and on determining the costs and profitability of willow production on arable land for purposes of energy generation. Yield of wood dry matter in one-year cutting cycle amounted to 14.09 t/ha/year 1 and significantly increased to 16.05 and 21.55 t/ha/year when harvesting was performed in two and three years cycle, respectively. The highest yield was found for Salix viminalis 082 form cut in three years cycle and it amounted to 26.44 t/ha/year 1. Stems of Salix sp. cut every three years showed the lowest water content (46.05%), high heat value 19.56 MJ/kg dry matter and the highest content of cellulose (55.94%), lignins (13.79%) and hemicelluloses (13.96%). High yielding potential of Salix sp. and high content of cellulose and lignin in wood make this crop very prosperous as a feedstock for bioenergy production. The highest profit from the willow plantation was obtained in case of harvest every three years at 578.76 EUR/ha/year.


1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 714-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Delisle

One-year-old red ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) seedlings inoculated with the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices were outplanted in abandoned fields and in clearcuts. Survival and growth of seedlings were measured for four years. Mean total heights, mean collar diameters, and mortality did not differ significantly between inoculated plants and the controls or between field-grown and clearcut-grown seedlings. However, the variance components of total height and diameter associated with sites differed significantly from zero. Growth in all cases seemed related to soil wetness. Key words: Glomus intraradices, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, afforestation


1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
P May

Experiments are described in which the effect of training sultana shoots vertically or horizontally was tested. Horizontal training of shoots caused reduction in fruitfulness in all cases, with the exception of one experiment with very vigorous young vines. Vertical growth tended to improve vigour, in which case fruitfulness was greater, but this effect decreased with increasing numbers of vertical canes per vine. Increased yield was obtained in one year out of three in a field trial where the shoots to be used as pruning wood were encouraged to grow vertically. It is concluded that increased fruitfulness will result from measures which improve the vigour of shoots, such as vertical training, preservation of the shoot tip, or prevention of early trailing of the shoot; and that shoots which have grown horizontally should be avoided as pruning canes.


1973 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Kenichi HORII ◽  
Osamu SAKAI ◽  
Teruo NIWA ◽  
Tetsuro TUBONE ◽  
Taichi YOSHIDA ◽  
...  

Us Wurk ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
J. Veenbaas

In a short period of time two biographies of the Frisian poet Obe Postma were published. In 2017 Obe Postma. In libben dat bloeide nei syn aard appeared, a book consisting of two parts: a life story of Postma by Tineke Steenmeijer-Wielenga, entitled „Al wat ik skriuw, dat is wier bard‟, and a series of articles by Geart van der Meer, mostly about Postma‟s poetry and translations, called „Fier haw ik myn dreamen weide/ En de himmel iepen sjoen‟. One year later, in 2018, Philippus Breuker published another sizeable biography: Dreaun fan ierde‟ dream. In this article it is argued that Breuker‟s new book is in many ways very rich and instructive. His analysis of Postma‟s philosophical world view is excellent and hischapters about the poet‟s studies of Frisian history are probably unsurpassable. Still, Steenmeijer-Wielenga‟s biography also has certain unique qualities. She brings the poet to life in an empathetic way, often by means of well-chosen quotations from Postma‟s letters or articles. Besides, her book has a fine composition and is elegantly written. Van der Meer‟s articles sometimes miss subtlety, especially when he comments on Postma‟s religious outlook or on the technical aspects of his poetry. But he too adds valuable views, for instance when he notices a permanent paradox betweenPostma‟s search for an all-encompassing whole and his passionate love for sensory details. Together, these three books form an impressive enrichment of the study material about this great Frisian poet.


Author(s):  
Andrea Zatloukalová ◽  
Tomáš Lošák ◽  
Jaroslav Hlušek ◽  
Pavel Pavloušek ◽  
Martin Sedláček ◽  
...  

A one-year field trial was established with the vine variety Ryzlink vlašský (Riesling italico) to evaluate the effect of spring soil applications and 5x repeated foliar application of magnesium fertilisers on yields and quality of grapes. On light soil of the experimental locality Žabčice (ca 25 km south of Brno) visual symptoms of Mg deficiency on vine leaves had been monitored in the past. The experiment involved 4 treatments: 1) unfertilised control; 2) spring soil application of Kieserite – 20 kg Mg.ha−1; 3) 5x foliar application of a 5% solution of Epso Combitop – Mg, S, Mn, Zn; 11.8 kg Mg.ha−1; 4) 5x foliar applications of a 5% solution of Epso Top – Mg, S; 14.8 kg Mg.ha−1.No significant differences among the treatments were detected in the contents of K (1.40–1.67%) and Ca (1.63–1.91%) in leaves sampled after the applications. After foliar applications the contents of Mg and S significantly increased in treatments 3–4 to 0.42–0.49% and 0.34–0.40 %, respectively compared to treatments 1–2 (0.29–0.30% and 0.22%, respectively). The content of Zn (173–380 mg.kg−1) and Mn (90–551 mg.kg−1) increased significantly in treatment 3 compared to the other treatments. The chlorophyll index did not differ among the treatments. Grape yields (t.ha−1) in treatments 1–4 were the following: 7.04–8.16–7.51–7.26 t.ha−1, respectively. Only the soil-applied treatment 2 differed significantly from the other treatments. The content of sugar (16.5–17.9 °NM), titratable acids (12.78–13.25 g.l−1) and the pH of must (3.02–3.11) did not differ among the treatments.


1988 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Clemens ◽  
J. R. Harris ◽  
D. A. Sack ◽  
J. Chakraborty ◽  
F. Ahmed ◽  
...  

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Omar ◽  
C. Jordan ◽  
C. Smith

SUMMARYData from a large field trial comparing the performance of contemporary crossbred ewes from traditional and experimental prolific rams were used to study two factors, (1) the influence of lambing at 1 yr of age on subsequent ewe performance and (2) the effect of level of farm performance on the difference between the traditional and the prolific types. Neither effect was found to be important.


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