Safety cases for use of smart devices in existing nuclear power stations - "getting the balance right"

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Delafield
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Safety Cases

scholarly journals The Opening Capability for Security against Privacy Infringements in the Smart Grid Environment

Mathematics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungwook Eom ◽  
Jun-Ho Huh
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Group Signature ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Signature Scheme ◽  
Grid Environment ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Types Of Information

It is now known that more information can be leaked into the smart grid environment than into the existing environment. In particular, specific information such as energy consumption data can be exposed via smart devices. Such a phenomenon can incur considerable risks due to the fact that both the amount and the concreteness of information increase when more types of information are combined. As such, this study aimed to develop an anonymous signature technique along with a signature authentication technique to prevent infringements of privacy in the smart grid environment, and they were tested and verified at the testbed used in a previous study. To reinforce the security of the smart grid, a password and anonymous authentication algorithm which can be applied not only to extendable test sites but also to power plants, including nuclear power stations, was developed. The group signature scheme is an anonymous signature schemes where the authenticator verifies the group signature to determine whether the signer is a member of a certain group but he/she would not know which member actually signed in. However, in this scheme, the identity of the signer can be revealed through an “opener” in special circumstances involving accidents, incidents, or disputes. Since the opener can always identify the signer without his/her consent in such cases, the signer would be concerned about letting the opener find out his/her anonymous activities. Thus, an anonymous signature scheme where the signer issues a token when entering his/her signature to allow the opener to confirm his/her identity only from that token is proposed in this study.

An evaluation of the equipment tagging process in nuclear power stations

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Doyle ◽  
Lothar Schroeder ◽  
Stephen Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Stations

Environmental Protection Meets Security of Electricity Supply

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ilina Cenevska
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Habitats Directive ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
National Energy Policy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract This case comment explores the relationship between two intertwined objectives – ensuring security of electricity supply and environmental protection – in the context of the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Inter-Environnement Wallonie ASBL and Bond Beter Leefmilieu Vlaanderen ASBL v. Conseil des ministres. The analysis focuses on the application of the Environmental Impact Assessment Directive and the Habitats Directive to the facts of the case, which concerns the extension by a ten-year period of the operation of two Belgian nuclear power stations (Doel 1 and Doel 2) as part of a national energy policy strategy to ensure the security of Belgium's electricity supply. The case comment also considers the legal and practical implications that arise as a result of employing the ‘security of electricity supply’ exemption to enable derogation from the requirements of the aforementioned Directives in circumstances where a Member State considers the security of its electricity supply to be under threat.

Evaluation of the residual stress in stainless steel 304L hydraulically expanded joints

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440892096401
Author(s):  
Ying Hong ◽  
Xuesheng Wang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Yong Han
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Initial Clearance

Stainless steel 304 L tubes are commonly used in the fabrication of heat exchangers for nuclear power stations. The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of 304 L tubes in hydraulically expanded tube-to-tubesheet joints is the main reason for the failure of heat exchangers. In this study, 304 L hydraulically expanded joint specimens were prepared and the residual stresses of a tube were evaluated with both an experimental method and the finite element method (FEM). The residual stresses in the outer and inner surfaces of the tube were measured by strain gauges. The expanding and unloading processes of the tube-to-tubesheet joints were simulated by the FEM. Furthermore, an SCC test was carried out to verify the results of the experimental measurement and the FEM. There was good agreement between the FEM and the experimental results. The distribution of the residual stress of the tube in the expanded joint was revealed by the FEM. The effects of the expansion pressure, initial tube-to-hole clearance, and yield strength of the tube on the residual stress in the transition zone that lay between the expanded and unexpanded region of the tube were investigated. The results showed that the residual stress of the expanded joint reached the maximum value when the initial clearance was eliminated. The residual stress level decreased with the decrease of the initial tube-to-hole clearance and yield strength. Finally, an effective method that would reduce the residual stress without losing tightness was proposed.

Construction Aspects of the Doel 1 and 2 SGR Projects

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Kroes ◽  
Edmond Gobert ◽  
Xavier Delhaye ◽  
Peter Devolder ◽  
Michel Sonville
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Primary Coolant ◽  
Worker Exposure ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Exchange Operation ◽  
Radiation Worker ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Leak Before Break ◽  
Specific Construction

The Doel 1 and 2 PWR Nuclear Power Stations are the oldest commercially operating units in Belgium and the last to replace their two Steam Generators. The Doel 2 Steam Generators were replaced in 2004 and those of Doel 1 will be replaced late 2009. The replacement poses a particular challenge as these are the only stations in Belgium requiring the creation of primary and secondary containment opening for the SG exchange operation. Other construction challenges result from the a-typical SG support configuration which dates from the period well before the more or less standardized support configuration as used for later PWR units. The current paper discusses the construction approaches selected to facilitate the exchange operation and to minimize the outage duration and radiation worker exposure. The main particularities of the construction effort concern the secondary containment opening and closing using a structural formwork assembly, the use of containment platforms hanging inside the primary containment allowing for parallel primary and secondary containment reconstruction and the de-activation of some of the primary coolant piping and SG restraints following the licensing acceptance of the Leak Before Break concept for the primary piping. The specific construction options that made the Doel 2 replacement a success will be presented in this paper.

Energy in the 1980s - Operational experience in nuclear power stations

1974 ◽  
Vol 276 (1261) ◽  
pp. 571-586
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Power Stations

From the first self-sustaining nuclear reaction to the present day represents a span of three decades: within that time large-scale generation of electrical power from nuclear energy has become acknowledged as economic, safe and environmentally acceptable. Within the U .K . 10% of electricity consumed is of nuclear origin. Some of the C.E.G.B. reactors have been in service for over 10 years. The operating experience that has been gained shows how the original design concepts have been ultimately developed. Some of the difficulties encountered and the engineering solutions are presented. Operating experience feeds back to the design philosophy and safety requirements for future nuclear plant. In this way a foundation is provided for the further exploitation of what must become a major source of energy in the next decade.

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