Investigation of thermal and mechanical stresses of arcing contacts in circuit breakers

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fnineche ◽  
O. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stresses ◽  
Circuit Breakers

Human Platelets Exposed to Mechanical Stresses Express a Potent Lipoxygenase Product

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (05) ◽  
pp. 589-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alon Margalit ◽  
Avinoam A Livne
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Volume Decrease ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Mechanical Stresses ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Platelet Suspension ◽  
Suspension Flows ◽  
Lipoxygenase Product ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
K Permeability ◽  
Volume Decrease

SummaryHuman platelets exposed to hypotonicity undergo regulatory volume decrease (RVD), controlled by a potent, yet labile, lipoxygenase product (LP). LP is synthesized and excreted during RVD affecting selectively K+ permeability. LP is assayed by its capacity to reconstitute RVD when lipoxygenase is blocked. Centrifugation for preparing washed platelets (1,550 × g, 10 min) is sufficient to express LP activity, with declining potency in repeated centrifugations, indicating that it is not readily replenish-able. When platelet suspension flows in a vinyl tubing (1 mm i.d.), at physiological velocity, controlled at 90–254 cm/s, LP formation increases as a function of velocity but declines as result of increasing the tubing length. Stirring the platelets in an aggregometer cuvette for 30 s, yields no LP unless the stirring is intermittent. No associated platelet lysis or aggregation are observed following the mechanical stress applications. These results demonstrate that although mechanical stresses result in LP production, the mode of its application plays a major role. These results may indicate that LP is synthesized under pathological conditions and could be of relevance to platelets behavior related to arterial stenosis.

Role of Mechanical Stresses at Ion Implantation of CdHgTe Solid Solutions

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 872-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smirnov A.B. Smirnov A.B. ◽  
◽  
Lytvyn O.S. Lytvyn O.S. ◽  
Morozhenko V.A. Morozhenko V.A. ◽  
Savkina R.K. Savkina R.K. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Mechanical Stresses

A Fast Outage Planning Method Focusing on Circuit Breakers Near Outage Facilities

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (10) ◽  
pp. 746-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chihaya Murakami ◽  
Aya Fujiwara ◽  
Shinichi Iwamoto
Keyword(s):  
Planning Method ◽  
Circuit Breakers

Generation of Diffusion Arcs in Vacuum Circuit Breakers

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Stanislav M. APOLLONSKY ◽  
◽  
Yury V. KUKLEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Circuit Breakers

On the method of ultrasonic control of mechanical stresses

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
K. V. Kurashkin
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Wave ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Elastic Wave Velocity ◽  
Mechanical Stresses ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Stress Determination ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Ultrasonic Control ◽  
Cubic Crystallites ◽  
Proportional Relationship

A method of ultrasonic control of the mechanical stresses which takes into account the heterogeneity of the material structure and does not require unloading of the structure or using reference samples is considered. The procedure is based on echo-method of measuring time of the bulk elastic wave propagation and determination of the relative values ν31 and ν32 related to the material structure and mechanical stresses. It is shown that stresses violate the linearity of the relationship observed between the parameters in the absence of the mechanical stresses in the rolled material. This effect formed a basis for developing a method of the deviator stress determination. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the main advantages of the developed method against the known ultrasonic techniques used for evaluation of the mechanical stresses, give theoretical grounds to the effect which allows taking into account the heterogeneity of the material structure, and also to exemplify the procedure. An analytical expression is derived using bulk elastic wave velocity in an orthotropic material composed of cubic crystallites and an assumption on the existence of simple proportional relationship between the coefficients of the orientation distribution function in rolled metal. Presented results of the mathematical modeling confirm the experimentally observed linear dependence between the parameters ν31 and ν32 in the absence of mechanical stresses. The results of evaluating residual stresses in a welded steel plate are presented as an example of the applicability of the developed procedure. Data of ultrasonic technique and data of strain gage measurements are compared. The features of the described method of stress determination are marked and the applicability limits are specified.

Research of the Brillouin frequency shift damage dependence from mechanical stresses in an optical sensor

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-521
Author(s):  
Ruslan V. Aginey ◽  
◽  
Rustem R. Islamov ◽  
Alexander A. Godunov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Shift ◽  
Optical Sensor ◽  
Mechanical Stresses

Evaluation of the Resistance of Individual Si Die to Cracking

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Berriche ◽  
R.K. Lowry ◽  
M.I. Rosenfield
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Mechanical Stresses ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
Vickers Micro Hardness

Abstract The present work investigated the use of the Vickers micro-hardness test method to determine the resistance of individual die to cracking. The results are used as an indicator of resistance to failure under the thermal and mechanical stresses of packaging and subsequent thermal cycling. Indentation measurements on die back surfaces are used to determine how changes in wafer backside processing conditions affect cracks that form around impressions produced at different loads. Test methodology and results obtained at different processing conditions are discussed.

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