An Example of the Role of Basic Science Research to Inform the Treatment of Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sid Khosla ◽  
Liran Oren ◽  
Ephraim Gutmark
Keyword(s):  
Flow Separation ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Production Flow ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Basic Science Research ◽  
Complementary Approach

An alternative and complementary approach to randomized trials or other clinical research in unilateral vocal fold paralysis is to use basic science research in animal models to answer the following two questions: (1) how and why do asymmetries affect voice production?, and (2) how do various surgical procedures affect these asymmetries? In this article, we will discuss some of our approaches to the first question. All experiments discussed center around the presence and effects of vortices, or areas of rotational motion, between the folds due to a phenomenon known as flow separation. Therefore, the formation and properties of intraglottal flow separation vortices will be briefly discussed. Then, we will describe experiments that look at the effects of the flow separation vortices on three measures of laryngeal physiology important to voice production: flow skewing, acoustic intensity, and glottal efficiency. Finally, we will explore the effects of some asymmetries on the flow separation vortices and discuss implications for the treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Our work is early and has some clear limitations. Therefore, the goal of this article is not to fully answer any question, but to show an example of the type of information that can be addressed by research in excised canine larynges.

Bench to Bedside: Research Review in Vocal Fold Extracellular Matrix

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Susan L. Thibeault
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Research Review ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basic Science Research ◽  
Quality Of Voice

Abstract The vocal fold lamina propria is crucial for the production of the vocal fold mucosal wave and quality of voice. Basic science research in this area has increased over the past 10 years secondary to our understanding of this importance. The translational aspects of this research are far reaching as we begin to better understand the development, maintenance, and regeneration of this area. This article serves to present a review of the multi faceted work being completed.

scholarly journals Aortic arch compliance and idiopathic unilateral vocal fold paralysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Behkam ◽  
Kara E. Roberts ◽  
Andrew J. Bierhals ◽  
M. Eileen Jacobs ◽  
Julia D. Edgar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Aortic Compliance ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Potential Contributor ◽  
Age And Sex

Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVP) occurs related to recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) impairment associated with impaired swallowing, voice production, and breathing functions. The majority of UVP cases occur subsequent to surgical intervention with approximately 12–42% having no known cause for the disease (i.e., idiopathic). Approximately two-thirds of those with UVP exhibit left-sided injury with the average onset at ≥50 yr of age in those diagnosed as idiopathic. Given the association between the RLN and the subclavian and aortic arch vessels, we hypothesized that changes in vascular tissues would result in increased aortic compliance in patients with idiopathic left-sided UVP compared with those without UVP. Gated MRI data enabled aortic arch diameter measures normalized to blood pressure across the cardiac cycles to derive aortic arch compliance. Compliance was compared between individuals with left-sided idiopathic UVP and age- and sex-matched normal controls. Three-way factorial ANOVA test showed that aortic arch compliance ( P = 0.02) and aortic arch diameter change in one cardiac cycle ( P = 0.04) are significantly higher in patients with idiopathic left-sided UVP compared with the controls. As previously demonstrated by other literature, our finding confirmed that compliance decreases with age ( P < 0.0001) in both healthy individuals and patients with idiopathic UVP. Future studies will investigate parameters of aortic compliance change as a potential contributor to the onset of left-sided UVP.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Unilateral vocal fold paralysis results from impaired function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) impacting breathing, swallowing, and voice production. A large proportion of adults suffering from this disorder have an idiopathic etiology (i.e., unknown cause). The current study determined that individuals diagnosed with left-sided idiopathic vocal fold paralysis exhibited significantly greater compliance than age- and sex-matched controls. These seminal findings suggest a link between aortic arch compliance levels and RLN function.

Evaluation of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Accumulation in the Larynx of Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis Cases

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Yoshitsugu Nimura ◽  
Masahiko Higashikawa ◽  
Terue Okamura ◽  
Ken Nakai ◽  
Kengo Ichihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
18F Fluorodeoxyglucose

A Perspective On The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Basic Science Research and its Future implications

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yam Nath Paudel ◽  
Efthalia Angelopoulou ◽  
Bhupendra Raj Giri ◽  
Christina Piperi ◽  
Iekhsan Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Science ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Basic Science Research ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

: COVID-19 has emerged as a devastating pandemic of the century that the current generations have ever experienced. The COVID-19 pandemic has infected more than 12 million people around the globe and 0.5 million people have succumbed to death. Due to the lack of effective vaccines against the COVID-19, several nations throughout the globe has imposed a lock-down as a preventive measure to lower the spread of COVID-19 infection. As a result of lock-down most of the universities and research institutes has witnessed a long pause in basic science research ever. Much has been talked about the long-term impact of COVID-19 in economy, tourism, public health, small and large-scale business of several kind. However, the long-term implication of these research lab shutdown and its impact in the basic science research has not been much focused. Herein, we provide a perspective that portrays a common problem of all the basic science researchers throughout the globe and its long-term consequences.

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