scholarly journals Acoustic Correlates of Breathy Vocal Quality

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hillenbrand ◽  
Ronald A. Cleveland ◽  
Robert L. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Harmonic Amplitude ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Acoustic Correlates ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Vocal Quality ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Spectral Tilt

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of several acoustic measures in predicting breathiness ratings. Recordings were made of eight normal men and seven normal women producing normally phonated, moderately breathy, and very breathy sustained vowels. Twenty listeners rated the degree of breathiness using a direct magnitude estimation procedure. Acoustic measures were made of: (a) signal periodicity, (b) first harmonic amplitude, and (c) spectral tilt. Periodicity measures provided the most accurate predictions of perceived breathiness, accounting for approximately 80% of the variance in breathiness ratings. The relative amplitude of the first harmonic correlated moderately with breathiness ratings, and two measures of spectral tilt correlated weakly with perceived breathiness.

Acoustic Correlates of Breathy Vocal Quality: Dysphonic Voices and Continuous Speech

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hillenbrand ◽  
Robert A. Houde
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Relative Amplitude ◽  
Harmonic Amplitude ◽  
Continuous Speech ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Acoustic Correlates ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Vocal Quality ◽  
Spectral Tilt

In an earlier study, we evaluated the effectiveness of several acoustic measures in predicting breathiness ratings for sustained vowels spoken by nonpathological talkers who were asked to produce nonbreathy, moderately breathy, and very breathy phonation (Hillenbrand, Cleveland, & Erickson, 1994). The purpose of the present study was to extend these results to speakers with laryngeal pathologies and to conduct tests using connected speech in addition to sustained vowels. Breathiness ratings were obtained from a sustained vowel and a 12-word sentence spoken by 20 pathological and 5 nonpathological talkers. Acoustic measures were made of (a) signal periodicity, (b) first harmonic amplitude, and (c) spectral tilt. For the sustained vowels, a frequency domain measure of periodicity provided the most accurate predictions of perceived breathiness, accounting for 92% of the variance in breathiness ratings. The relative amplitude of the first harmonic and two measures of spectral tilt correlated moderately with breathiness ratings. For the sentences, both signal periodicity and spectral tilt provided accurate predictions of breathiness ratings, accounting for 70%-85% of the variance.

Acoustic Correlates of Vocal Quality

1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Eskenazi ◽  
D. G. Childers ◽  
D. M. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Inverse Filtering ◽  
Linear Predictive Coding ◽  
Listening Test ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Acoustic Correlates ◽  
Vocal Quality ◽  
The Relationship

We have investigated the relationship between various voice qualities and several acoustic measures made from the vowel /i/ phonated by subjects with normal voices and patients with vocal disorders. Among the patients (pathological voices), five qualities were investigated: overall severity, hoarseness, breathiness, roughness, and vocal fry. Six acoustic measures were examined. With one exception, all measures were extracted from the residue signal obtained by inverse filtering the speech signal using the linear predictive coding (LPC) technique. A formal listening test was implemented to rate each pathological voice for each vocal quality. A formal listening test also rated overall excellence of the normal voices. A scale of 1–7 was used. Multiple linear regression analysis between the results of the listening test and the various acoustic measures was used with the prediction sums of squares (PRESS) as the selection criteria. Useful prediction equations of order two or less were obtained relating certain acoustic measures and the ratings of pathological voices for each of the five qualities. The two most useful parameters for predicting vocal quality were the Pitch Amplitude (PA) and the Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio (HNR). No acoustic measure could rank the normal voices.

Hysterical traits and variability of mood in normal men

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Rabins ◽  
Phillip R. Slavney
Keyword(s):  
Men And Women ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men

SynopsisIn a study of 40 normal men it was found that self-ratings on variability of mood were positively correlated with self-ratings on hysterical traits. These results are similar to those found in normal women and lend support both to the validity of the concept of hysterical personality and to the idea that men and women experience fluctuations of mood in a similar way.

EFFECT OF CORTICOSTEROIDS ON URINARY 5β AND 5α C19 STEROIDS IN MAN

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hildegard Wilson ◽  
Steven Schenker
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Periodic Fever ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Dexamethasone Therapy ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Short Time

ABSTRACT A high proportion of urinary C19 5β to 5α steroid metabolites has been found on administration of glucocorticoids in a number of instances. During long term treatment with prednisone or dexamethasone, 100 mg testosterone propionate was administered to 3 patients. The ratios of the resulting metabolites etiocholanolone (E, 5β) to androsterone (A, 5α) were 2.7, 3.3 and 2.1, compared to 1.3 and 0.9 after withdrawal of corticoids from the first 2 patients. In 3 normal men, ratios of endogenously derived E and A while receiving corticoids, compared to control ratios were 2.3 to 1.0, 2.2 to 0.6 and 1.2 to 0.9. Ratios in normal women rose from 1.1 to 2.2 and 2.4 to 4.3 on receiving dexamethasone. Not all subjects gave the expected response. In 3 of these the dosage of corticoid was either low or given for a short time. The ratio of C19O3 metabolites of administered 11β-hydroxy-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione was also changed in favour of the 5β products during corticoid treatment. In a man with periodic fever the high E/A ratios observed were probably related to dexamethasone therapy rather than to the disease.

THE PULSATILE PATTERN OF GONADOTROPIN RELEASE IN NORMAL MEN, NORMAL WOMEN, AND AMENORRHEIC WOMEN

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Strickler ◽  
Rudi Borth ◽  
C. Allan Woolever
Keyword(s):  
Gonadotropin Release ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men

scholarly journals Common Terminology and Acoustic Measures for Human Voice and Birdsong

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Areen Badwal ◽  
JoHanna Poertner ◽  
Robin A. Samlan ◽  
Julie E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Song Analysis ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Standard Terminology ◽  
Cepstral Peak Prominence ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Purpose The zebra finch is used as a model to study the neural circuitry of auditory-guided human vocal production. The terminology of birdsong production and acoustic analysis, however, differs from human voice production, making it difficult for voice researchers of either species to navigate the literature from the other. The purpose of this research note is to identify common terminology and measures to better compare information across species. Method Terminology used in the birdsong literature will be mapped onto terminology used in the human voice production literature. Measures typically used to quantify the percepts of pitch, loudness, and quality will be described. Measures common to the literature in both species will be made from the songs of 3 middle-age birds using Praat and Song Analysis Pro. Two measures, cepstral peak prominence (CPP) and Wiener entropy (WE), will be compared to determine if they provide similar information. Results Similarities and differences in terminology and acoustic analyses are presented. A core set of measures including frequency, frequency variability within a syllable, intensity, CPP, and WE are proposed for future studies. CPP and WE are related yet provide unique information about the syllable structure. Conclusions Using a core set of measures familiar to both human voice and birdsong researchers, along with both CPP and WE, will allow characterization of similarities and differences among birds. Standard terminology and measures will improve accessibility of the birdsong literature to human voice researchers and vice versa. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7438964

Differential effects of a dopaminergic drug (piribedil) on pituitary hormone release in normal men and women

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura De Marinis ◽  
Antonio Mancini ◽  
Francesco Calabrò ◽  
Michele Massari ◽  
Massimo Torlontano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Receptor Agonist ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Sexual Steroid ◽  
Dopaminergic Tone ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men

Abstract. Six normal women, in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle, and 6 normal men received orally 40, 60 and 100 mg doses of piribedil, a dopamine receptor agonist, or placebo. The effects of piribedil on anterior pituitary hormone release was evaluated. In normal women a dose-related decrease in Prl levels was observed, while in men the Prl decrement was not related to the dose employed. In women an increase in serum hGH occurred after administration of the lowest (40 mg) dose of piribedil. In normal men, on the contrary, a modest hGH stimulation was present after administration of all doses of the drug. No consistent changes in serum TSH, LH and FSH concentrations were observed and no side effects were reported. The results from this study indicate that piribedil can exert differential effects on hypophyseal trophic hormone release and that these effects are sex-related. It is possible that the differences observed in men and women after the administration of piribedil are due to a different endogenous dopaminergic tone, induced by the different sexual steroid environment.

Alterations of the hypothalamic GnRH interpulse interval sequence over the normal menstrual cycle

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (5) ◽  
pp. E696-E701 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Santoro ◽  
J. P. Butler ◽  
M. Filicori ◽  
W. F. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Renewal Process ◽  
Gnrh Secretion ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Interval Sequence ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Lh Secretion

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is released in a pulsatile fashion from the anterior pituitary in response to hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. Previous autocorrelation analysis of the sequence of interpulse intervals of LH secretion in normal men has supported the hypothesis that the underlying hypothalamic mechanism of GnRH secretion governing episodic LH release is a renewal process, indicating that hypothalamic "memory," if present, does not extend back further in time than the preceding secretory pulse. A similar analysis of pulsatile LH secretion was undertaken in 45 studies of normal women, obtained throughout the menstrual cycle. Analysis of these studies revealed a process consistent with renewal throughout the follicular and early luteal phases. However, this relationship appears to break down in the mid-to-late luteal phase, indicating that alternative feedback pathways provide an overriding influence on the underlying renewal process of hypothalamic GnRH secretion. Pulsatile progesterone secretion by the corpus luteum, which first emerges at this stage of the menstrual cycle, may be the agent responsible for this feedback.

scholarly journals Sex differences in proximal and distal nephron function contribute to the mechanism of idiopathic hypercalcuria in calcium stone formers

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (1) ◽  
pp. R85-R92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Ko ◽  
Kristin Bergsland ◽  
Daniel L. Gillen ◽  
Andrew P. Evan ◽  
Daniel L. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Idiopathic Hypercalciuria ◽  
Distal Nephron ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Calcium Reabsorption ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Normal Men

Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) is a common familial trait among patients with calcium nephrolithiasis. Previously, we have demonstrated that hypercalciuria is primarily due to reduced renal proximal and distal tubule calcium reabsorption. Here, using measurements of the clearances of sodium, calcium, and endogenous lithium taken from the General Clinical Research Center, we test the hypothesis that patterns of segmental nephron tubule calcium reabsorption differ between the sexes in IH and normal subjects. When the sexes are compared, we reconfirm the reduced proximal and distal calcium reabsorption. In IH women, distal nephron calcium reabsorption is decreased compared to normal women. In IH men, proximal tubule calcium reabsorption falls significantly, with a more modest reduction in distal calcium reabsorption compared to normal men. Additionally, we demonstrate that male IH patients have lower systolic blood pressures than normal males. We conclude that women and men differ in the way they produce the hypercalciuria of IH, with females reducing distal reabsorption and males primarily reducing proximal tubule function.

Effects of Listeners' Experience on Two Measures of Intelligibility

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1099-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee W. Ellis ◽  
Donald J. Fucci
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Continued Use

10 speech-language pathologists with extensive experience in judging speakers' intelligibility and 10 control subjects with no such previous experience provided written identification and magnitude-estimation scaling judgments of the intelligibility of nine audiotaped speech samples. Analysis indicated no significant main effect for experience on either the written identification or the magnitude-estimation scaling tasks. Implications for the continued use of magnitude-estimation scaling as a measure of speech intelligibility are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document