The Automatic Extraction of Pitch Perturbation Using Microcomputers

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodelle F. Deem ◽  
Walter H. Manning ◽  
Joseph V. Knack ◽  
Joseph S. Matesich
Keyword(s):  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Automatic Extraction ◽  
Sample Duration ◽  
Pitch Period ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Zero Crossings ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration ◽  
Analysis System

A program for the automatic extraction of jitter (PAEJ) was developed for the clinical measurement of pitch perturbations using a microcomputer. The program currently includes 12 implementations of an algorithm for marking the boundary criteria for a fundamental period of vocal fold vibration. The relative sensitivity of these extraction procedures for identifying the pitch period was compared using sine waves. Data obtained to date provide information for each procedure concerning the effects of waveform peakedness and slope, sample duration in cycles, noise level of the analysis system with both direct and tape recorded input, and the influence of interpolation. Zero crossing extraction procedures provided lower jitter values regardless of sine wave frequency or sample duration. The procedures making use of positive- or negative-going zero crossings with interpolation provided the lowest measures of jitter with the sine wave stimuli. Pilot data obtained with normal-speaking adults indicated that jitter measures varied as a function of the speaker, vowel, and sample duration.

Determination of tonal signal parameters based on zero crossing detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. 1794-1803
Author(s):  
Michal Luczynski ◽  
Stefan Brachmanski ◽  
Andrzej Dobrucki
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Tonal Signal ◽  
Zero Crossings ◽  
Tonal Component ◽  
Signal Parameters ◽  
The Moment

This paper presents a method for identifying tonal signal parameters using zero crossing detection. The signal parameters: frequency, amplitude and phase can change slowly in time. The described method allows to obtain accurate detection using possibly small number of signal samples. The detection algorithm consists of the following steps: frequency filtering, zero crossing detection and parameter reading. Filtering of the input signal is aimed at obtaining a signal consisting of a single tonal component. Zero crossing detection allows the elimination of multiple random zero crossings, which do not occur in a pure sine wave signal. The frequency is based on the frequency of transitions through zero, the amplitude is the largest value of the signal in the analysed time interval, and the initial phase is derived from the moment at which the transition through zero occurs. The obtained parameters were used to synthesise a compensation signal in an active tonal component reduction algorithm. The results of the algorithm confirmed the high efficiency of the method.

scholarly journals The Optimization of Alternating Current Electrospun PA 6 Solutions Using a Visual Analysis System

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2098
Author(s):  
Tomas Kalous ◽  
Pavel Holec ◽  
Jakub Erben ◽  
Martin Bilek ◽  
Ondrej Batka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Polymeric Solutions ◽  
Analysis System

The electrospinning process that produces fine nanofibrous materials have a major disadvantage in the area of productivity. However, alternating current (AC) electrospinning might help to solve the problem via the modification of high voltage signal. The aforementioned productivity aspect can be observed via a camera system that focuses on the jet creation area and that measures the average lifespan. The paper describes the optimization of polyamide 6 (PA 6) solutions and demonstrates the change in the behavior of the process following the addition of a minor dose of oxoacid. This addition served to convert the previously unspinnable (using AC) solution to a high-quality electrospinning solution. The visual analysis of the AC electrospinning of polymeric solutions using a high-speed camera and a programmable power source was chosen as the method for the evaluation of the quality of the process. The solutions were exposed to high voltage applying two types of AC signal, i.e., the sine wave and the step change. All the recordings presented in the paper contained two sets of data: firstly, camera recordings that showed the visual expression of electrospinning and, secondly, signal recordings that provided information on the data position in the signal function.

scholarly journals Zero Crossing Intervals of a Sine Wave in Noise

1953 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 832-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mansfield Young ◽  
James C. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Sine Wave ◽  
Zero Crossing

Comparison between sine wave fitting and zero-crossing methods applied to QCM impedance measurements

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Chavez ◽  
Miguel J. Garcia-Hernandez ◽  
Oliver Millan-Blasco ◽  
Ignasi Tur ◽  
Antoni Turo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sine Wave ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Impedance Measurements

MEASUREMENT OF THE MICROSEISMIC SPECTRUM AT OTTAWA, ONTARIO

1966 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Russell ◽  
F. Kollar
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Local Time ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Tape Transport ◽  
Spectral Analyzer ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Data Analysis System

A recording seismograph was assembled from commercially available components and by use of a 3/32 inches per second FM tape transport. The system was calibrated by three independent techniques, one of which included the Honeywell spectral analyzer which was used for data analysis. System linearity was checked by comparing the results of sine-wave and impulsive excitation.Microseism spectra were recorded at approximately 1:00 a.m. local time on July 18 and November 1, 1964. They represented on both occasions averages over a 1-hour period. The spectra were similar in shape but different in amplitude. In both spectra the peak ground amplitude per octave occurred at about 5.2 seconds period, and was 360 millimicrons per octave and 2.1 microns per octave for the two occasions, respectively.

A Fringe Signal Processing Method With Multi-Sample Zero-Crossing Detection Based on DSP and its Application in Absolute Gravimeters

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Qian ◽  
Kang Wu ◽  
Lijun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Zero Crossings ◽  
Signal Processing Method ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Free Falling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Electronic Counting

The absolute gravitation acceleration (g) is generally measured by observation of a free-falling test mass in a vacuum chamber based on laser interference. Usually the free-falling object trajectory is obtained by timing the zero-crossings of the interference fringe signal. A traditional way to time the zero-crossings is electronic counting method, of which the resolution is limited in principle. In this paper, a fringe signal processing method with multi-sample zero-crossing detection based on Digital Signal Processor (DSP) is proposed and realized for the application in absolute gravimeters. The principle and design of the fringe signal processing method are introduced. The measuring precision is evaluated both theoretically and from numerical software simulations with MATLAB®, and verified by hardware simulated free-falling experiments. The results show that the absolute error of the gravity acceleration measurement introduced by the fringe signal processing method is less than 0.5 μGal (1 μGal = 1×10−8 m/s2), and the impact on the standard deviation is about 2 μGal. This method can effectively reduce the systematic error of the traditional electronic counting method, and satisfy the requirements for precision and portability, especially for field ready absolute gravimeters.

Dynamics of heavy quarkonia in memory-dependent dissipative environment from Bohmian trajectory perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (28) ◽  
pp. 1850164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Jamel
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Function ◽  
Langevin Equation ◽  
Angular Frequency ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Zero Crossings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bohmian Trajectory ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Dissipative Environment

In this work, we study the dynamics of particles coupled to a dissipative environment from Bohmian trajectory perspective. The dissipation is modeled using the concept of memory-dependent derivative (MDD), which is characterized by its time-delay constant [Formula: see text] and nonsingular kernel [Formula: see text] of two parameters [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. By assuming a Gaussian packet wave function, we derived a MDD-Langevin equation (MDDLE). The general behavioral solution [Formula: see text] of the MDDLE is investigated for the case of Gaussian fluctuation force. Based on the miscellaneous choices of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], the findings are that [Formula: see text] can exhibit distinct behaviors, such as monotonic and nonmonotonic decay without zero crossings, oscillatory-like without zero and with zero crossing. Therefore, we have either diffusion or oscillatory dominate based on the problem parameters. For a harmonically bound heavy quarkonium, characterized by the angular frequency [Formula: see text], the position correlation function [Formula: see text] is then obtained and analyzed numerically. The analysis shows that this correlation function is also sensitive to the various choices of [Formula: see text] and kernel parameters. Based on these choices, the correlation function exhibits distinct behaviors: oscillation without damping, damping, and enhanced. This wide range of behavior coverage increases the versatility to fit nonlinear or memory-dependent experimental findings. The results are compared with the fractional Langevin equation.

Zero-crossings in turbulent signals

1983 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 251-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Sreenivasan ◽  
A. Prabhu ◽  
R. Narasimha
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Zero Crossings ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Noise Contamination ◽  
Filter Frequency

A primary motivation for this work arises from the contradictory results obtained in some recent measurements of the zero-crossing frequency of turbulent fluctuations in shear flows. A systematic study of the various factors involved in zero-crossing measurements shows that the dynamic range of the signal, the discriminator characteristics, filter frequency and noise contamination have a strong bearing on the results obtained. These effects are analysed, and explicit corrections for noise contamination have been worked out. New measurements of the zero-crossing frequency N0 have been made for the longitudinal velocity fluctuation in boundary layers and a wake, for wall shear stress in a channel, and for temperature derivatives in a heated boundary layer. All these measurements show that a zero-crossing microscale, defined as Λ = (2πN0)−1, is always nearly equal to the well-known Taylor microscale λ (in time). These measurements, as well as a brief analysis, show that even strong departures from Gaussianity do not necessarily yield values appreciably different from unity for the ratio Λ/λ. Further, the variation of N0/N0 max across the boundary layer is found to correlate with the familiar wall and outer coordinates; the outer scaling for N0 max is totally inappropriate, and the inner scaling shows only a weak Reynolds-number dependence. It is also found that the distribution of the interval between successive zero-crossings can be approximated by a combination of a lognormal and an exponential, or (if the shortest intervals are ignored) even of two exponentials, one of which characterizes crossings whose duration is of the order of the wall-variable timescale ν/U2*, while the other characterizes crossings whose duration is of the order of the large-eddy timescale δ/U∞. The significance of these results is discussed, and it is particularly argued that the pulse frequency of Rao, Narasimha & Badri Narayanan (1971) is appreciably less than the zero-crossing rate.

Experiments on the fine structure of turbulence

1977 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Badri Narayanan ◽  
S. Rajagopalan ◽  
R. Narasimha
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Grid Turbulence ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Zero Crossings

Investigations have been carried out of some aspects of the fine-scale structure of turbulence in grid flows, in boundary layers in a zero pressure gradient and in a boundary layer in a strong favourable pressure gradient leading to relaminarization. Using a narrow-band filter with suitable mid-band frequencies, the properties of the fine-scale structure (appearing as high frequency pulses in the filtered signal) were analysed using the variable discriminator level technique employed earlier by Rao, Narasimha & Badri Narayanan (1971). It was found that, irrespective of the type of flow, the characteristic pulse frequency (say Np) defined by Rao et al. was about 0·6 times the frequency of the zero crossings.It was also found that, over the small range of Reynolds numbers tested, the ratio of the width of the fine-scale regions to the Kolmogorov scale increased linearly with Reynolds number in grid turbulence as well as in flat-plate boundarylayer flow. Nearly lognormal distributions were exhibited by this ratio as well as by the interval between successive zero crossings.The values of Np and of the zero-crossing rate were found to be nearly constant across the boundary layer, except towards its outer edge and very near the wall. In the zero-pressure-gradient boundary-layer flow, very near the wall the high frequency pulses were found to occur mostly when the longitudinal velocity fluctuation u was positive (i.e. above the mean), whereas in the outer part of the boundary layer the pulses more often occurred when u was negative. During acceleration this correlation between the fine-scale motion and the sign of u was less marked.

scholarly journals On the Positivity and Zero Crossings of Solutions of Stochastic Volterra Integrodifferential Equations

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
John A. D. Appleby
Keyword(s):  
Integrodifferential Equations ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Convolution Integral ◽  
Restoring Force ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Zero Crossings ◽  
Dependent Rate ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Zero Equilibrium

We consider the zero crossings and positive solutions of scalar nonlinear stochastic Volterra integrodifferential equations of Itô type. In the equations considered, the diffusion coefficient is linear and depends on the current state, and the drift term is a convolution integral which is in some sense mean reverting towards the zero equilibrium. The state dependent restoring force in the integral can be nonlinear. In broad terms, we show that when the restoring force is of linear or lower order in the neighbourhood of the equilibrium, or if the kernel decays more slowly than a critical noise-dependent rate, then there is a zero crossing almost surely. On the other hand, if the kernel decays more rapidly than this critical rate, and the restoring force is globally superlinear, then there is a positive probability that the solution remains of one sign for all time, given a sufficiently small initial condition. Moreover, the probability that the solution remains of one sign tends to unity as the initial condition tends to zero.

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