Temporal Gap Detection in Sensorineural and Simulated Hearing Impairments

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Florentine ◽  
Søren Buus
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Gap Detection ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Masking Noise ◽  
Per Se

The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of the configuration of a hearing loss on gap detection and to determine if hearing impairment affects temporal resolution, per se. The minimum detectable gap duration, MDG, in a low-pass (cut-off at 7 kHz) noise was measured monaurally as a function of sound pressure level in six listeners with normal hearing, seven with hearing impairments of primarily cochlear origin, and eight with impairments simulated by masking. The impaired listeners' MDGs at 80 and 90 dB vary from about 3.5 ms (equal to the normal MDG) to about 8 ms and show little correlation with their average HL. At lower levels, the MDG is enlarged for all impaired listeners owing to the decreased SL of the noise. Most of the enlargement of the MDG could be reproduced by presenting a normal listener with a masking noise spectrally shaped to simulate the impaired listener's audiogram. However, at high levels, some impaired listeners performed worse than their simulated-loss counterparts, indicating that temporal resolution per se may be reduced in some, but not all, impaired listeners.

Temporary Threshold Shift from a Toy Cap Gun

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Marshall ◽  
John F. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Threshold Shift ◽  
Temporary Threshold Shift ◽  
Fixed Frequency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject

Temporary threshold shift resulting from exposure to one and five toy cap gun pistol shots was investigated using 11 normal-hearing adult subjects and one subject with a noise-induced hearing loss. The subjects fired the cap gun at arm’s length, and absolute thresholds at 4000 Hz were obtained before and after noise exposure by a fixed-frequency Bekesy technique. After exposure to one gunshot, five subjects showed a small TTS, five demonstrated no TTS, and two (including the subject with the hearing loss) exhibited negative TTS. No TTS occurred in any of the subjects after exposure to five shots. It was postulated that the small amount of TTS was due to the unexpectedly low sound pressure level produced by the cap gun and to the contraction of the middle ear muscles in some subjects prior to firing.

Hearing Loss, Speech, and Hearing Aids

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne J. Van Tasell
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Speech Signal ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Moderate Hearing Loss

Modern hearing aids permit adjustment of a number of electroacoustic parameters, among them frequency response, saturation sound pressure level, and various aspects of compression. Relatively little is known, however, about how the electroacoustic characteristics of hearing aids affect the information-bearing properties of speech. Even less is known about how hearing aids might alleviate or exacerbate the effects of impaired hearing. This article reviews current knowledge in three areas: (a) characteristics of mild/moderate hearing loss, (b) informationbearing aspects of speech, and (c) the relation between electroacoustic characteristics of hearing aids and the speech signal. Concluding suggestions are made regarding the implications of the current data for selecting hearing-aid characteristics.

Potentiation of Kanamycin Ototoxicity by a History of Noise Exposure

1978 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. ORL-125-ORL-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen F. Ryan ◽  
Robert C. Bone
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Threshold Shift ◽  
Noise Band ◽  
Pathologic Condition ◽  
History Of

Chinchillas were exposed to a noise band (1,414 to 5,656 Hz, 100-dB sound pressure level [SPL] for one hour) and treated with kanamycin (150 mg/kg a day until hearing loss was noted at 6.0 kHz) either separately, simultaneously, or sequentially. Simultaneous noise and kanamycin resulted in interactive potentiation of threshold shift and cochlear pathologic condition. Kanamycin treatment two months after noise exposure produced similar potentiation. No interaction was seen when noise exposure occurred one month after kanamycin treatment.

Audiological and noise exposure findings among members of a brazilian folklore music group

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Carina Moreno Dias Carneiro Muniz ◽  
Sergio Fernando Saraiva da Silva ◽  
Rachel Costa Façanha ◽  
Daniela Bassi-Dibai ◽  
Fabricio Brito Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽  
Loud Noise ◽  
Two Stages

BACKGROUND: Musicians and dancers can be considered an at-risk population for developing noise-induced hearing loss. OBJECTIVES: To determine the audiological profile of members of a folklore-related music group and quantify noise exposure at their rehearsal venue. METHODS: This was a quantitative and descriptive study. The musicians and dancers were evaluated in two stages: an interview about their working life, followed by high frequency tonal audiometry. The sound pressure level in the group’s rehearsal venue was measured using a BEK 2270 Noise Analyzer. RESULTS: A total of 7.2% of the subjects had noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and 39% of the audiometric tests were notch type. During the interview 31.7% of the subjects mentioned discomfort from loud noise, although none of them used ear protection. The environmental assessment showed inadequate humidity and oscillating temperature. Twenty sound pressure level measurements were performed for Leq (equivalent sound pressure levels) and the results ranged from 88 dB (A) to 99 dB (A) with a mean of 97.05. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to high levels of sound pressure has led to NIHL in some members of the group. Some of those with normal hearing also presented a notch configuration characteristic of NIHL. Tinnitus, indicating that a change in hearing has occurred, was the most frequent auditory symptom.

Correlation Between a Questionnaire About Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and SPL of Portable Music Players of High School and University Students

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nao Hodoshima
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
Digital Audio ◽  
Noise Induced Hearing Loss

The risk of noise-induced hearing loss has been increased for young generations. Several studies pointed out that one reason is listening to digital audio players with a sound pressure level that leads to damage to hearing. This study conducted a questionnaire on 209 high school and university students living in Tokyo about their current situation regarding noise-induced hearing loss. The questionnaire includes the frequency of earphones/headphones usage, noise exposure, self-reported hearing conditions and hearing-related lifestyle. This study also measured A-weighted equivalent sound pressure levels of digital audio players that the students have with normal playback volume. The results showed that more than 90% of the subjects use earphones/headphones, and about 50% use them daily. 58% of the subjects use them while commuting, meaning that they listen to music in noisy trains and buses. 16% of the subjects reported that they have experienced hearing problems such as tinnitus symptoms and listening difficulties, but none of them have sought medical advice. The measured sound pressure level varied from 40 to 90 dBA, and 15% of the data was over 80 dBA. The results show the need for showing young people the importance of hearing protection and prevention of noise-induced hearing loss.

Contributions of Voice and Nonverbal Communication to Perceived Masculinity–Femininity for Cisgender and Transgender Communicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-947
Author(s):  
Teresa L. D. Hardy ◽  
Carol A. Boliek ◽  
Daniel Aalto ◽  
Justin Lewicke ◽  
Kristopher Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Presentation Mode ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Presentation Modes ◽  
Audiovisual Stimuli ◽  
Vocal Tract Resonance ◽  
Point Light

Purpose The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to identify a set of communication-based predictors (including both acoustic and gestural variables) of masculinity–femininity ratings and (b) to explore differences in ratings between audio and audiovisual presentation modes for transgender and cisgender communicators. Method The voices and gestures of a group of cisgender men and women ( n = 10 of each) and transgender women ( n = 20) communicators were recorded while they recounted the story of a cartoon using acoustic and motion capture recording systems. A total of 17 acoustic and gestural variables were measured from these recordings. A group of observers ( n = 20) rated each communicator's masculinity–femininity based on 30- to 45-s samples of the cartoon description presented in three modes: audio, visual, and audio visual. Visual and audiovisual stimuli contained point light displays standardized for size. Ratings were made using a direct magnitude estimation scale without modulus. Communication-based predictors of masculinity–femininity ratings were identified using multiple regression, and analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of presentation mode on perceptual ratings. Results Fundamental frequency, average vowel formant, and sound pressure level were identified as significant predictors of masculinity–femininity ratings for these communicators. Communicators were rated significantly more feminine in the audio than the audiovisual mode and unreliably in the visual-only mode. Conclusions Both study purposes were met. Results support continued emphasis on fundamental frequency and vocal tract resonance in voice and communication modification training with transgender individuals and provide evidence for the potential benefit of modifying sound pressure level, especially when a masculine presentation is desired.

Case study: Theoretical calculation model and variable condition analysis research on the water-splashing noise for natural draft wet cooling towers

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Yang Zhouo ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
Suoying He ◽  
Yuetao Shi ◽  
Fengzhong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Water Droplet ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Cooling Towers

Based on the basic theory of water droplets impact noise, the generation mechanism and calculation model of the water-splashing noise for natural draft wet cooling towers were established in this study, and then by means of the custom software, the water-splashing noise was studied under different water droplet diameters and water-spraying densities as well as partition water distribution patterns conditions. Comparedwith the water-splashing noise of the field test, the average difference of the theoretical and the measured value is 0.82 dB, which validates the accuracy of the established theoretical model. The results based on theoretical model showed that, when the water droplet diameters are smaller in cooling tower, the attenuation of total sound pressure level of the water-splashing noise is greater. From 0 m to 8 m away from the cooling tower, the sound pressure level of the watersplashing noise of 3 mm and 6 mm water droplets decreases by 8.20 dB and 4.36 dB, respectively. Additionally, when the water-spraying density becomes twice of the designed value, the sound pressure level of water-splashing noise all increases by 3.01 dB for the cooling towers of 300 MW, 600 MW and 1000 MW units. Finally, under the partition water distribution patterns, the change of the sound pressure level is small. For the R s/2 and Rs/3 partition radius (Rs is the radius of water-spraying area), when the water-spraying density ratio between the outer and inner zone increases from 1 to 3, the sound pressure level of water-splashing noise increases by 0.7 dB and 0.3 dB, respectively.

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