Articulation Effort

1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Young
Keyword(s):  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Feature Analysis ◽  
Phonological Acquisition ◽  
Repeated Trial ◽  
Different Types

In three studies, 86 observers used paired-comparison procedures to judge the effort required to articulate 16 consonants. In general, observers could not produce the judgments without reversals and did not agree with each other or with themselves on a repeated trial. Pooling all judgments produced scale values of articulation effort that correlated highly with different types of phonological acquisition data and with a feature analysis.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Methodology for Automation the Diagnosis of Leukemia Based on Quantitative and Morphological Feature Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussam N. Fakhouri ◽  
Saleh H. Al-Sharaeh
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Medical Image Processing ◽  
Initial Diagnosis ◽  
Feature Analysis ◽  
Microscopic Images ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Status ◽  
Blast Cells

Recent year’s witnessed a huge revolution for developing an automated diagnosis for different disease such as cancer using medical image processing. Many researches have been dedicated to achieve this goal. Analyzing medical microscopic histology images provide us with large information about the status of patient and the progress of diseases, help to determine if the tissue have any pathological changes. Automation of the diagnosis of these images will lead to better, faster and enhanced diagnosis for different hematological and histological tissue images such as cancer. This paper propose an automated methodology for analyzing cancer histology and hematology microscopic images to detect leukemia using image processing by combining two diagnosis procedures initial and advance; the initial diagnosis depend on the percentage of the white blood cells in microscopic images affected by leukemia as indicator for the existence of leukemia in the blood smear sample. Whereas, the advance diagnosis classifying the leukemia according into different types using feature bag classifier. The experimental results showed that the proposed methodology initial diagnosis is able to detect leukemia images and differentiate it from samples that do not have leukemia. While, advance diagnosis it is able to detect and classify most leukemia types and differentiate between acute and chronic, but in some cases in the chronic leukemia where the percent of blast cells and shape are similar; it gave a diagnosis of the type of leukemia to the most similar type.

scholarly journals Ship Classification and Detection Based on CNN Using GF-3 SAR Images

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyuan Ma ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Wei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Feature Analysis ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Target Classification ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ship Classification ◽  
Fully Connected

Ocean surveillance via high-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imageries has been a hot issue because SAR is able to work in all-day and all-weather conditions. The launch of Chinese Gaofen-3 (GF-3) satellite has provided a large number of SAR imageries, making it possible to marine targets monitoring. However, it is difficult for traditional methods to extract effective features to classify and detect different types of marine targets in SAR images. This paper proposes a convolutional neutral network (CNN) model for marine target classification at patch level and an overall scheme for marine target detection in large-scale SAR images. First, eight types of marine targets in GF-3 SAR images are labelled based on feature analysis, building the datasets for further experiments. As for the classification task at patch level, a novel CNN model with six convolutional layers, three pooling layers, and two fully connected layers has been designed. With respect to the detection part, a Single Shot Multi-box Detector with a multi-resolution input (MR-SSD) is developed, which can extract more features at different resolution versions. In order to detect different targets in large-scale SAR images, a whole workflow including sea-land segmentation, cropping with overlapping, detection with MR-SSD model, coordinates mapping, and predicted boxes consolidation is developed. Experiments based on the GF-3 dataset demonstrate the merits of the proposed methods for marine target classification and detection.

Feature Analysis of Segmental Errors in Children With Phonological Disorders

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Forrest ◽  
Michele L. Morrisette
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Feature Analysis ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Phonological Acquisition ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Phonological Disorders ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Phonological Knowledge ◽  
Developmental Apraxia

There has been a longstanding controversy about the existence, nature, and differentiation of developmental apraxia of speech (DAS), leading to numerous investigations of characteristics that define this articulatory disorder. An analysis of substitutions relative to target sounds led Thoonen, Maassen, Gabreeëls, and Schreuder (1994) to conclude that children with DAS show a pattern of feature retention in their error productions that contrasted with that of children with normal articulation. This pattern, in which place of articulation was retained in the substituted sound less frequently than manner of production or voicing, was considered by Thoonen et al. to be of diagnostic significance. The current research re-examines this claim by comparing the retention patterns obtained by Thoonen et al. for children suspected of having DAS to patterns for children suspected of having a phonological disorder. An examination of substitutions used by 20 children who were diagnosed with and treated for phonological disorders demonstrated the same pattern of feature retention that was described for children with DAS. The results of this study showed that voicing is maintained most frequently; manner of production is the next most retained feature; and place of articulation is the feature that is retained least often when a substitute is used for a sound that isn't produced correctly. In a second analysis, this pattern of feature retention was compared to children's phonological knowledge as indexed by percent correct underlying representation (PCUR). Contrary to the findings of Thoonen et al., however, the present work found an inverse relationship between retention of place and phonological knowledge. Children with greater phonological knowledge retained place less often than children with more limited phonetic inventories. These patterns of feature retention may be representative of specific development sequences that occur during phonological acquisition.

scholarly journals Cross-Linguistic Interactions in Third Language Acquisition: Evidence from Multi-Feature Analysis of Speech Perception

Languages ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wrembel ◽  
Ulrike Gut ◽  
Romana Kopečková ◽  
Anna Balas
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Feature Analysis ◽  
Response Accuracy ◽  
Phonological Acquisition ◽  
Perceptual Development ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Third Language ◽  
Third Language Acquisition

Research on third language (L3) phonological acquisition has shown that Cross-Linguistic Influence (CLI) plays a role not only in forming the newly acquired language but also in reshaping the previously established ones. Only a few studies to date have examined cross-linguistic effects in the speech perception of multilingual learners. The aim of this study is to explore the development of speech perception in young multilinguals’ non-native languages (L2 and L3) and to trace the patterns of CLI between their phonological subsystems over time. The participants were 13 L1 Polish speakers (aged 12–13), learning English as L2 and German as L3. They performed a forced-choice goodness task in L2 and L3 to test their perception of rhotics and final obstruent (de)voicing. Response accuracy and reaction times were recorded for analyses at two testing times. The results indicate that CLI in perceptual development is feature-dependent with relative stability evidenced for L2 rhotics, reverse trends for L3 rhotics, and no significant development for L2/L3 (de)voicing. We also found that the source of CLI differed across the speakers’ languages: the perception accuracy of rhotics differed significantly with respect to stimulus properties, that is, whether they were L1-, L2-, or L3-accented.

Thresholds and Intransitivities in Pairwise Judgments: A Multilevel Analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Böckenholt
Keyword(s):  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Response Behavior ◽  
Stochastic Representation ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Item Parameters ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Comparison Technique ◽  
Method Of Paired Comparisons ◽  
Comparison Data

The method of paired comparisons belongs to a small class of models that simultaneously allow for consistency checks of the response behavior of a person and the estimation of item parameters. As a result, the paired comparison technique is of much importance when there are reasons to expect that respondents have difficulties appraising their values or preferences about an issue of interest. This article presents a hierarchical framework for the analysis of paired comparison data with three response categories that allow judges to be indifferent or undecided. The approach can be viewed as a stochastic representation of Luce’s (1956) semiorder. It facilitates statistical analyses of different types of inconsistent responses and yields new tests of the underlying judgmental process. An extensive analysis of a survey study illustrates the usefulness of a multilevel approach for modeling multiple trinary judgments.

ANOVA Based Feature Analysis and Selection in Power Quality Disturbances Identification

2015 ◽  
Vol 793 ◽  
pp. 510-515
Author(s):  
Kamarulazhar Daud ◽  
Ahmad Farid Abidin ◽  
Harapajan Singh Nagindar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Feature Selection ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Feature Analysis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
S Transform ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Power Quality Disturbances ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Windowing Technique

This study was conducted in order to identify the different types of PQD based on a new approach the Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA). ANOVA is used as feature selection for the Power Quality Disturbances (PQD) parameters. The datum of PQD from the PSCAD/EMTDC® simulation has been validated before feature extraction analysis can be commenced. The obtained datum is then analyzed by using cycle windowing technique based on Continuous S-Transform (CST) to extract the features and its characteristics. Moreover, the study focuses an important issue concerning the identification of PQD selection and detection. The feature and characteristics of four types of signal such as Sag, Swell, Transient and sinusoidal normal signal are obtained. The outcome of the analysis shows that a new approach ANOVA have a different result in term of identification of PQD.

Relations between segmental and prosodic structure in first language acquisition

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 117-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan Rose
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
First Language ◽  
Prosodic Structure ◽  
First Language Acquisition ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Formal Models ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Phonological Acquisition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Quebec French

In this paper, I discuss a number of relations that take place between melodic content and higher prosodic structure in first language phonological development. I explore acquisition patterns found in data on the acquisition of Québec French. Starting with the observation that prosodic structure and, more specifically, stressed syllables, play a central role in phonological acquisition, I hypothesize that the inter-relations between prosodic and segmental structure posited by formal models of phonological organisation should be witnessed within and across developmental stages. I support this hypothesis through two findings from the French data. First, complex onsets emerge in stressed syllables before unstressed ones. Second, different types of consonants (placeless versus place-specified) emerge in word-final position at different stages. From these observations, I argue that the phenomena observed in these data are best captured in an analysis based on constituent structure and relationships between feature specification and prosodic constituency, which are governed by universal markedness.

The extinction time of a general birth and death process with catastrophes

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Brockwell
Keyword(s):  
Laplace Transform ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Extinction Time ◽  
Birth And Death Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The Laplace transform of the extinction time is determined for a general birth and death process with arbitrary catastrophe rate and catastrophe size distribution. It is assumed only that the birth rates satisfyλ0= 0,λj> 0 for eachj> 0, and. Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain extinction of the population are derived. The results are applied to the linear birth and death process (λj=jλ, µj=jμ) with catastrophes of several different types.

Differentiating between different forms of moral obligations

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Moral Character ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Different Types

Abstract We argue that Tomasello's account overlooks important psychological distinctions between how humans judge different types of moral obligations, such as prescriptive obligations (i.e., what one should do) and proscriptive obligations (i.e., what one should not do). Specifically, evaluating these different types of obligations rests on different psychological inputs and has distinct downstream consequences for judgments of moral character.

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

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