Acoustic Reflex Growth in the Aging Adult

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Thompson ◽  
John A. Sills ◽  
Kay S. Recke ◽  
Duc M. Bui
Keyword(s):  
Growth Data ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Reflex Pathway ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Stapedius Muscle ◽  
Acoustic Admittance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Aging Adult ◽  
Filtered Noise ◽  
Age Range

Growth in amplitude of the acoustic reflex to filtered noise and tones of 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz was measured with an aural acoustic-admittance meter in 30 persons between the ages of 20 and 79 years. Although thresholds of the acoustic reflex did not vary significantly across the age range of the subject sample, the rate of growth in amplitude decreased linearly with increase in age decade. Given information on the aging of structures in the acoustic reflex pathway, the growth data are interpreted tentatively to mean that the contractual capacity of the stapedius muscle is diminished in older ears.

Aural Acoustic-Immittance Measurements

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Wilson ◽  
Janet E. Shanks ◽  
Therese M. Velde
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Acoustic Admittance ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
The Individual

Bilateral measurements of the aural acoustic-immittance characteristics of the middle-ear transmission systems of 48 subjects were made with an acoustic-admittance meter. The measurements, including static acoustic-immittance, acoustic-reflex thresholds, and acoustic-reflex growth functions, were made using a 220-Hz probe. The contralateral reflex data for three pure tones (500, 1000, and 2000 Hz) and for broadband noise were acquired in 2-dB steps at sound-pressure levels from 84–116 dB (tones) and 66–116 dB (noise) during ascending- and descending-intensity level runs. For all acoustic-immittance measurements, right ear and left ear comparisons were made and found not to be significantly different. The individual subject data then were expressed as the absolute differences between ears. In this manner normative inter-aural immittance differences were defined. The peak static immittance data were analyzed in terms of median inter-aural differences and upper 80% cut-off values. The 80% range for normal immittance values were smaller for a within subject versus an across subject comparison. For acoustic-reflex thresholds, a disparity between ears of >10 dB was suggested as indicative of an abnormality in the auditory mechanism. Finally, the reflex-growth data indicated mean inter-aural absolute differences that ranged to .040–.043 acoustic mmhos (300–400 acoustic ohms) at the higher reflex activator sound-pressure levels.

Acoustic-Immittance Measures in Normal Ears

1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry L. Wiley ◽  
Dana L. Oviatt ◽  
Michael G. Block
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
Subject Pool ◽  
Acoustic Admittance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Normal Adults

A data base of acoustic-immittance measures in normal adults is presented. The subject pool consisted of 127 adults with normal hearing and a negative otologic history. Norms are presented for hearing thresholds, ipsilateral and contralateral acoustic-reflex thresholds, tympanometry, static acoustic-admittance measures, and middle-ear (tympanogram peak) pressure.

Acoustic-Reflex Dynamics for Pulsed Signals

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-308
Author(s):  
Terry L. Wiley ◽  
Raymond S. Karlovich
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Acoustic Impedance ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Threshold Shift ◽  
Temporary Threshold Shift ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Stapedius Muscle ◽  
Duty Cycles

Contralateral acoustic-reflex measurements were taken for 10 normal-hearing subjects using a pulsed broadband noise as the reflex-activating signal. Acoustic impedance was measured at selected times during the on (response maximum) and off (response minimum) portions of the pulsed activator over a 2-min interval as a function of activator period and duty cycle. Major findings were that response maxima increased as a function of time for longer duty cycles and that response minima increased as a function of time for all duty cycles. It is hypothesized that these findings are attributable to the recovery characteristics of the stapedius muscle. An explanation of portions of the results from previous temporary threshold shift experiments on the basis of acoustic-reflex dynamics is proposed.

scholarly journals II. Ice observations

1859 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 609-611 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Abundant Evidence ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Original Water

The contradictory statements of Dr. Sutherland and Dr. Kane, with regard to the saltness of the ice formed from sea-water,—the former maintaining that sea-water ice contains about one-fourth of the salt of the original water; the latter, that if the cold be sufficiently intense, there will be formed from sea-water a fresh and purer element fit for domestic use,—induced the author to take advantage of his position, as naturalist to the expedition now in the northern seas, to reinvestigate the subject. The changes which he has observed sea-water to undergo in freezing are the following. When the temperature falls below + 28°⋅5, it becomes covered with a thin pellicle of ice; after some time this pellicle becomes thicker and presents a vertically striated structure, similar to that of the ordinary cakes of sal-ammoniac. As the ice further increases in thickness, it becomes more compact, but the lowest portion still retains the striated structure. On the surface of the ice, saline crystals, designated by the author “efflorescence,” soon begin to form, at first few in number and widely separated, but gradually forming into tufts and ultimately covering the whole surface. At first, the increase in thickness of the ice is rapid, but afterwards the rate of growth is much slower and more uniform. The ice formed yields, on being melted, a solution differing in specific gravity according to the temperature at the time of congelation, its density being less, the lower the temperature at which the process of congelation took place. Although the author’s observations extended from + 28°⋅5 to —42°, he was never able to obtain fresh-water from sea-ice, the purest specimen being of specific gravity 1⋅005, and affording abundant evidence of the presence of salts, especially of chloride of sodium, in such quantity as to render it unfit for domestic purposes.

scholarly journals Perceived Influencers of the Decline on Performance of Students in Botswana General Certificate of Secondary Education’s Agriculture Examination Results

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Clyde Sibanda ◽  
Keba Hulela ◽  
Nelson Tselaesele
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Agriculture Teacher ◽  
Age Range

<p>The purpose of the study was to investigate factors perceived to contribute to the decline of students’ performance in the Botswana’s General Certificate of Secondary Education (BGCSE) agriculture results. Ninety-one agriculture examiners were randomly sampled out of 100 teachers who were invited to mark the 2012 end of year examination scripts. A questionnaire was mailed by post and partly hand delivered to gather quantitative data. The SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that majority (57%) of the agriculture teacher examiners were male, 66% were in the age range of 31-35 years old. A large proportion (66%) of them had taught for a period of 6 to 15 years. The study revealed positive perceptions of teachers on three constructs influencing the decline on the students’ performance in agriculture. The study revealed that under the construct,<em> Students’ behaviors, social and economic related factors, students attitudes towards the subject </em>yielded high mean (x̅)‘= 4.45<em>,</em> STD (σ) ’ = .81;<em> on Factors related to curriculum issues, </em>the study sho<em>we</em>d<em> </em><em>“</em><em>interpretation of examination items</em><em>”</em><em> </em>had high mean<em> </em>(x̅) ‘= 4.39<em>,</em> STD (σ) = .75 and under the construct on <em>Factors related to resources and infrastructure </em>the mean (x̅) was = 4.79<em>,</em> STD (σ) = <em>.53 </em>was high on the <em>student teacher ratio. </em>The study concluded that the three constructs studied had influence towards students’ performance in agriculture. However, based on interpretational correlations the results did not find any strong relationship among the demographic variables studied.</p>

scholarly journals Pengaruh Persepsi Stigma Sosial Dan Dukungan Sosial Terhadap Kesejahteraan Psikologis Pada Narapidana

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Utami
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Age Range

This study aims to determine the effect of social stigma perception and social support on psychological wellbeing on prisoners. perceptions of social stigma and social support as independent variables and psychological well-being of dependent variables. Subjects were 140 prisoners who underwent half of prisoners in prisons class II A kediri with age range 20 to 37 years. The random sampling technique is used as the subject taking method. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis and data collection using scale psychological well being scale (PWBS), perceived social stigmatization (STS) and Multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS). The results showed that social stigma perception with psychological well-being had negative and significant influence with value (? = -.514, p = 0,000), social support gave influence to psychological welfare with value (? = 0.422, P = 0.000), perception social stigma and social support together have an influence on psychological well-being with value (F = 54,339, P = 0,000)

scholarly journals PLASMAPHERESIS;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (06) ◽  
pp. 855-858
Author(s):  
Hamida Qureshi ◽  
Hamzullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Therapeutic Procedure ◽  
Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To determine the frequency of major indications requireplasmapheresis in blood bank of Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Study Design: Crosssectional study. Setting: Blood bank of Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Period: June 2010to June 2012. Material and methods: Relevant information’s were recorded on a pre-designedquestionnaire prepared in accordance with the objectives of the study. Results: A total of 54patients were enrolled in the trial. 23 (42.59%) were females, and 31(57.41%) were males. Malesto females ration was 1.4:1. We received patients for plasmaphersis in age ranging from 15 to74 years. Majority were young patients in age range 15 to 34 years age. We received majorityof the patients for the subject procedure from ICU (Intensive care unit) 20(73%), followed bycardiothoracic unit 17(31.48%). We also receive two volunteers during study. The frequencyof various indications for plasmapheresis were; myasthenia gravis 29(53.7%), Guillen barresyndrome 20(37.04%) and thrombocytopenic purpura 3(5.56%). Conclusion. From thisstudy we concluded that that autoimmune diseases are common in younger age which is avery serious concern for our society. Plasmapheresis is a therapeutic procedure as well andpatients with autoimmune disorders get relieved with it symptomatically as autoimmuneantibodies are removed. Myasthenia gravis was counted as major disease followed by GBSand thrombocytopenic purpura in our population.

scholarly journals Miskonsepsi guru sekolah dasar pada konsep bunyi

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Anatri Desstya ◽  
Fitri April Yanti ◽  
Anip Dwi Saputro
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary School Teachers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Concept Understanding ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Age Range

Elementary school teachers are one of the sources of student’s misconceptions, so their understanding needs to be identified. However, the process of identifying the understanding of the concept of science is still small and only on certain materia. This study was aimed to investigate elementary school teacher's understanding of sound concepts. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive type. The research data are sourced from elementary school teachers' answers to questions about the concept of high and low sounds, in the form of a teacher's justification for the statement of questions presented along with the discussion. The population was all grade 4 elementary school teachers in Surakarta (120 teacher), the sample of 30 teachers from public and private elementary schools, the status accreditation A and B, with a purposive random sampling technique. The sample taken consisted of teachers in the age range of 30 to 60 years, 11 male teachers and 19 female teachers, and 50% were certified educators. Data collection techniques are carried out by providing diagnostic tests of misconceptions on the subject of the concept of high and low sounds. Data analysis technique refers to the category of concept understanding formulated by Tuysuz (2009), which is understanding, misconception, not understanding, and guessing. The results showed that in understanding the concept of high and low sounds 1.11% of teachers understood the concept well, 71.11% of teachers did not understand the concept, 26.67% of teachers experienced misconceptions, and 1.11% of teachers guessed.

Acoustic Analysis of Breathy and Rough Voice Characterizing Elderly Speech

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Miyazaki ◽  
◽  
Mitsunori Mizumachi ◽  
Katsuyuki Niyada
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Listening Tests ◽  
Amplitude Spectra ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Age Range

This paper aims at investigating acoustic features, which can objectively explain breathiness and roughness of elderly speech, respectively. In this paper, acoustic analysis was carried out using word sequences, which were uttered by 153 male speakers in the age range of between 20 and 89 years old. Concerning the breathiness, we confirmed that elderly breathy voices caused energy lift in higher frequency region over 4 kHz in average power spectra during the stationary parts in the uttered vowels. Concerning roughness, we observed the slight fluctuations, which synchronized with vocal cord vibration, in amplitude spectra during stationary parts of vowels. Based on acoustic analysis results, we propose physical parameters for measuring breathiness and roughness, respectively. In this paper, listening tests were carried out to quantitatively give the subject degrees of breathiness and roughness, respectively. It was confirmed that the proposed physical parameters had correlation with each of subjective degrees. Relationships between age and acoustic characteristics of breathiness and roughness were investigated using the proposed parameters. It is confirmed that the degree of breathiness and roughness increased in proportion to age, especially in age ranges over 60 years old.

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