Spread-of-Masking Effects on Pure Tones and Several Speech Stimuli

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-396
Author(s):  
Richard H. Wilson ◽  
Richard W. Stream ◽  
Donald D. Dirks
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Intensity Range ◽  
Speech Spectrum ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Upper Slope

A series of experiments was performed to study the upward-spread-of-masking phenomena as it pertains to pure-tone and speech stimuli. In the initial two experiments, three maskers were employed over a 40–60-dB intensity range. They included a wide band (50–5500 Hz), a speech spectrum (50–1000 Hz), and a narrow-band (50–950 Hz) noise. All filter slopes were 48 dB/octave, except for the upper slope of the speech-spectrum noise that was 6 dB/octave. In the first experiment, pure-tone thresholds obtained by a tracking procedure revealed no spread of masking when the wide-band and speech-spectrum maskers were used. Substantial spread-of-masking effects, characterized by nonlinear threshold increments outside the spectrum of the masker, were observed with the narrow-band masker. The second experiment included three types of speech stimuli (PBs, spondees, and synthetic sentences) under the same mask conditions used with the pure tones. Threshold shifts observed for the wide- and speech-spectrum maskers were linear with the masking intensity level. However, increased shifts, attributable to spread of masking, were observed with the narrow band and progressed nonlinearly as a function of the masking level. Finally, two additional experiments, performed with two different narrow-band maskers and spondee words, provided insightful information regarding the effects of the spread of masking on speech stimuli.

Time and Frequency Characteristics of Temporary Threshold Shifts Caused by Pure Tone Exposures

2011 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ordoñez ◽  
Dorte Hammershøi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Frequency Characteristics ◽  
Auditory Function ◽  
Recovery Curve ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Band Noise ◽  
Pure Tones

The time-frequency characteristics of Temporary Threshold Shifts (TTS) caused by pure tones were determined using the Békésy audiometric method with narrow-band noise of short duration as the probe stimuli. Two experiments were done using exposures of 3 min at 100 dB above threshold. In the first experiment, the frequency dependent characteristics of TTS produced by a 500-Hz tone were assessed. Thresholds were determined from 0.25 to 2 kHz in 1/2-octave steps for up to 20 min after the exposure. The results showed that the maximum affected frequency was 1/2 octave above the exposure frequency. In the second experiment, the TTS recovery curve produced by a 1-kHz pure tone exposure was assessed at 1.5 kHz, at approximately 15 s intervals for the first 5 min and at regularly increasing intervals up to 45 min after the exposure. The results showed a maximum in the recovery around 2 min after the exposure. The data gathered in these experiments were used to construct a mathematical model of TTS recovery. The model describes both the 1/2-octave shift and the 2-min bounce and it can be used in the comparison of temporary changes in the auditory function, assessed at different times and frequencies.

New possibility for measuring the cortical auditory evoked potentials: the HEARLab

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (38) ◽  
pp. 1524-1529
Author(s):  
Ádám Bach ◽  
Ferenc Tóth ◽  
Vera Matievics ◽  
József Géza Kiss ◽  
József Jóri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials

Introduction: Cortical auditory evoked potentials can provide objective information about the highest level of the auditory system. Aim: The purpose of the authors was to introduce a new tool, the “HEARLab” which can be routinely used in clinical practice for the measurement of the cortical auditory evoked potentials. In addition, they wanted to establish standards of the analyzed parameters in subjects with normal hearing. Method: 25 adults with normal hearing were tested with speech stimuli, and frequency specific examinations were performed utilizing pure tone stimuli. Results: The findings regarding the latency and amplitude analyses of the evoked potentials confirm previously published results of this novel method. Conclusions: The HEARLAb can be a great help when performance of the conventional audiological examinations is complicated. The examination can be performed in uncooperative subjects even in the presence of hearing aids. The test is frequency specific and does not require anesthesia. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(38), 1524–1529.

Full-Spectrum k-Distribution Model for Radiation in Gas Based on Multi-Group Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 1008-1009 ◽  
pp. 839-845
Author(s):  
Yue Zhou ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Hai Yang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Band ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Group Methods ◽  
Monotonically Increasing Function ◽  
Homogeneous Media ◽  
Increasing Function

The k-distribution method applied in narrow band and wide band is extended to the full spectrum based on spectroscopic datebase HITEMP, educing the full-spectrum k-distribution model. Absorption coefficents in this model are reordered into a smooth,monotonically increasing function such that the intensity calculations are performed only once for each absorption coefficent value and the resulting computations are immensely more efficent.Accuracy of this model is examined for cases ranging from homogeneous one-dimensional carbon dioxide to inhomogeneous ones with simultaneous variations in temperature. Comparision with line-by-line calculations (LBL) and narrow-band k-distribution (NBK) method as well as wide-band k-distribution (WBK) method shows that the full-spectrum k-distribution model is exact for homogeneous media, although the errors are greater than the other two models. After dividing the absorption coefficients into several groups according to their temperature dependence, the full-spectrum k-distribution model achieves line-by-line accuracy for gases inhomogeneous in temperature, accompanied by lower computational expense as compared to NBK model or WBK model. It is worth noting that a new grouping scheme is provided in this paper.

Measurements of Multiple Pure Tone Propagation From a High Bypass Turbofan Rotor in an Internal Flow Facility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Bozak
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Pressure Transducers ◽  
Acoustic Liners ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Dynamic Pressure Measurements ◽  
Stagger Angle

Abstract An important noise source in modern high bypass ratio turbofans is from multiple pure tones produced by the fan during takeoff. An experiment conducted on a 1.5 pressure ratio fan in an internal flow facility provided dynamic pressure measurements to investigate multiple pure tone generation and propagation. Since multiple pure tones are generated by blade shock variation primarily due to the fan’s blade stagger angle differences, the blade stagger angles were measured with an array of over-the-rotor dynamic pressure transducers. Multiple pure tone measurements were made with 30 wall-mounted dynamic pressure transducers from 0.4 to 1.1 diameters upstream of the rotor. Measured blade stagger angle differences correspond to the the shock amplitude variation measured upstream. The acoustic field was extracted from the dynamic pressure signals using principal component analysis as well as duct mode beamforming. Shocks traveling out the inlet were found to couple to duct modes propagating at similar angles. Over-the-rotor acoustic liners appear to reduce rotor shock variation resulting in a reduction of sub-harmonic multiple pure tone sound pressure levels by 3–4 dB.

Efficient Multirate Filtering

2002 ◽  
pp. 105-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana D. Milic ◽  
Miroslav D. Lutovac
Keyword(s):  
Digital Filter ◽  
Filter Design ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Digital Filter Design ◽  
Iir Filter ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Sampling Rate Conversion ◽  
Rate Conversion

Application of multirate techniques to improve digital filter design and implementation are considered in this chapter. FIR and IIR filter design and implementation for sampling rate conversion by integer and rational factors are presented. Sharp narrow-band and wide-band multirate design techniques are discussed. Accurate designs of FIR and IIR half-band filters are described in detail. Several examples are provided to illustrate the multirate approach to filter design.

Fatigue effects of a pure tone and pure tones

1989 ◽  
Vol 86 (S1) ◽  
pp. S121-S121
Author(s):  
I. M. Young ◽  
L. D. Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Pure Tones

scholarly journals Channeling and radiation experiments at SLAC

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (34) ◽  
pp. 1943006
Author(s):  
U. Wienands ◽  
S. Gessner ◽  
M. J. Hogan ◽  
T. Markiewicz ◽  
T. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Beam Energy ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Test Beam ◽  
High Beam ◽  
Silicon Crystals ◽  
Volume Reflection ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
First Time

Since 2014, a SLAC-Aarhus-Ferrara-CalPoly collaboration augmented by members of ANL and MIT has performed electron and positron channeling experiments using bent silicon crystals at the SLAC End Station A Test Beam as well as the FACET accelerator test facility. These experiments have revealed a remarkable channeling efficiency of about 24% under our conditions. Volume reflection is even more efficient with almost the whole beam taking part in the reflection process. A positron experiment demonstrated quasi-channeling oscillations for the first time at high beam energy. In our most recent experiment we measured the spectrum of gamma radiation for crystal orientations covering channeling and volume reflection. This series of experiments supports the development of more advanced crystalline devices capable e.g. of producing narrow-band gamma rays with electron beams or studying the interaction of the electrons with the wakefields generated in the crystal at high beam intensity.

Responses To Songs With Altered Tonal Quality By Adult Song Sparrows (Melospiza Melodia)

Behaviour ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 133 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Nowicki ◽  
Jared Strote
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Playback Experiments ◽  
Perceptual Salience ◽  
Song Recognition ◽  
Song Sparrows ◽  
Sensitive Phase ◽  
Pure Tones

AbstractPure-tone sounds are a common and distinctive feature of many birdsongs. We used field playback experiments to test whether this tonal quality is perceptually salient to adult male song sparrows in the context of song recognition, by comparing responses to playback of normal songs with responses elicited by songs that had harmonics added. This species was chosen for study based on the recent finding that young song sparrows do not show a preference for songs with pure tones over songs with harmonics when choosing model songs to copy during their sensitive phase for learning. We found adult song sparrows to be significantly more responsive to normal song than to harmonic song, consistent with results from adult birds of other species. We conclude that the perceptual salience of the tonal quality of song changes during ontogeny or is context-dependent.

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