The Effects of Delayed Auditory Feedback on a Speech-Related Task in Stutterers

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Stark ◽  
Bruce R. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Mechanical Device ◽  
Sensation Level ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Syllable Repetition ◽  
Repetition Task ◽  
Air Conduction

Fifteen adult stutterers and 15 matched nonstutterers who presented normal hearing and normal psychiatric and neurological histories were studied. Their responses were compared on a patterned syllable-repetition task under various auditory feedback conditions. The feedback signals were clicks activated by an electro-mechanical device at the time of lip closure. They were either synchronous (SAF) or delayed (DAF) or a combination (SAF/DAF). SAF was presented by bone conduction at a 40-dB sensation level, DAF by binaural air conduction with a delay of 140 or 200 msec, at sensation levels of 0, 10, 20, and 30 dB in DAF alone and at sensation levels of 40, 50, 60, and 70 dB in the SAF/DAF combination. Performances were evaluated in terms of pattern duration, lip-closure duration, and number of pattern errors. Stutterers and nonstutterers responded similarly to the feedback conditions. The following three differences were found: (1) during SAF alone, stutterers showed greater duration of lip closure than nonstutterers; (2) there were non-systematic differences between stutterers and nonstutterers in duration of lip closure during DAF and SAF/DAF conditions; and (3) with increased intensity of DAF, stutterers showed a greater increase in number of pattern errors than nonstutterers.

Multiple Auditory Steady-State Responses to Bone-Conduction Stimuli in Adults with Normal Hearing

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 172-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Small ◽  
David R. Stapells
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Phase Delay ◽  
Research System ◽  
Steady State Responses ◽  
Auditory Steady State Responses ◽  
State Responses ◽  
Single Versus ◽  
Air Conduction

ASSR thresholds to bone-conduction stimuli were determined in 10 adults with normal hearing using mastoid placement of the bone oscillator. ASSRs to 0–50 dB HL bone-conduction stimuli and to 30–60 dB HL air-conduction stimuli were compared. The effect of alternating stimulus polarity on air- and bone-conduction ASSRs was also investigated. Stimuli were bone- and air-conduction amplitude-modulated tones (500–4000 Hz carrier frequencies, modulated at 77–101 Hz). ASSRs were recorded using the Rotman MASTER research system. Mean (1SD) bone-conduction ASSR thresholds were 22(11), 26(13), 18(8), and 18(11) dB HL for 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz, respectively. Except for a steeper slope at 500 Hz, ASSR intensity-amplitude functions for binaural bone- and air-conduction stimuli showed the same slopes; intensity-phase-delay functions were steeper at 1000 Hz for ASSRs to bone-conduction stimuli. ASSR amplitudes and phases did not differ for single- versus alternated-stimulus polarities for both bone- and air-conduction stimuli. The steeper amplitude slope for ASSRs to 500 Hz stimuli may reflect a nonauditory contribution to the ASSR.

Effects of Sophistication on Four Tests for Nonorganic Hearing Loss

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Monro ◽  
Frederick N. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Pure Tone Average

Three groups of 15 normal-hearing subjects were asked to simulate a hearing loss in one ear. Each subject was then tested on four measurements often used in determining the presence of pseudohypacusis (a comparison of the SRT to the pure-tone average, ascending vs descending pure-tone tests, the Stenger test, and pure-tone delayed auditory feedback). Results showed that as practice and sophistication on each of the procedures increased, there tended to be more improvement in the subjects' ability to “beat” some of the tests than others.

Delayed Auditory Feedback Some Effects on the Speech of Psychiatric Patients

1963 ◽  
Vol 109 (459) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Spear
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Intensity Variation ◽  
Technical Process ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Vocal Intensity ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation

Delayed Auditory Feedback (D.A.F.), sometimes known as delayed side-tone, is the name given to the technical process in which a subject's speech is recorded, delayed, amplified and returned to his ears through a headphone at such power as to prevent him hearing it through the normal channels of direct air and bone conduction. This process has been found to produce marked disturbance of speech, the main changes found being the production of an artificial stutter, marked slowing of speech, increase in loudness of speech and development of a flatness of intonation or decrease in vocal intensity variation (Lee, 1950/1951). The slowing and increase in intensity have been found by Black (1951) to be related to the variation in delay and amplification, but even when these factors are held constant there is considerable individual variation in the response to D.A.F.

Calibration Force Levels for Bone Conduction Vibrators

1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley L. Billings ◽  
Margaret Winter
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
National Standards ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Bone Conduction Threshold ◽  
Air Conduction ◽  
Good Agreement

Two bone conduction vibrators (Radioear B71 and B72) and a headband (Radioear P-3333) have been developed to meet specifications of both the International Electrotechnical Commission and the American National Standards Institute. Pure-tone thresholds for air conduction and bone conduction were obtained from 24 normal-hearing young adults at audiometric frequencies between 250 and 4000 Hz. Results of this study are in good agreement with the standard air conduction threshold sound pressure levels (ANSI) and with bone conduction threshold force levels reported in the literature.

The Variability of Occluded and Unoccluded Bone-Conduction Thresholds

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Dirks ◽  
John G. Swindeman
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Test Frequency ◽  
Final Experiment ◽  
Occlusion Effect ◽  
Air Conduction

A series of three experiments of similar basic design was performed on individuals with normal hearing to compare the variability associated with occluded and unoccluded bone-conduction thresholds. Estimates of threshold were obtained at each test frequency for air conduction, unoccluded bone conduction, and occluded bone conduction stimuli. Eleven young adults participated in Experiment I. Their ears were occluded by TDH-39 earphones encased in MX41/AR cushions. In Experiment II 11 young adults were tested with a Grason-Stadler 001 circumaural cushion replacing the MX41/AR cushion. Two types of occluders were compared in Experiment III, using nine subjects with previous experience in Bekesy tracing. The variability of the occluded bone-conduction thresholds was either similar or less than that observed during the unoccluded measurements. The variability of the occlusion effect itself was comparable or less than the variability of the unoccluded or occluded bone-conduction thresholds. The source of the variability stemmed largely from differences between individuals rather than from test-retest variability. Although the variability of the occluded thresholds was reduced slightly when the circumaural cushion was used as compared to the supra-aural cushion, the results of the final experiment did not completely support the earlier finding.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document