Errors in the Echoic Behavior of Preschool Children

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Bricker
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
English Language ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Frequency ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Echoic Behavior ◽  
Manner Of Articulation ◽  
Nonsense Syllables

Ninety children were divided equally into three age groups ranging at full-year intervals from 3.0 to 5.9 years of age. The subjects were given a test of echoic behavior consisting of 22 consonants coupled with each of two vowels to form consonant-vowel nonsense syllables. Analysis indicated that the errors made were inversely related to the frequency of the sounds in the repertoires of infants, and to the frequency of the sounds in the English language. Results also indicated that the stability of specific errors increased with age while the total frequency of errors decreased. The analysis of specific errors indicated that more errors were associated with the place of articulation than with either the manner of articulation or the voiced-voiceless dimension.

The sound structure of verb roots in modern Hebrew

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Morgenbrod ◽  
E. Serifi
Keyword(s):  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Compound Matrices ◽  
Sound Structure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Manner Of Articulation ◽  
The Relationship

I. SOUNDS IN MODERN HEBREW Hebrew shorashim – the triliteral roots – have already been analysed from many points of view, for example in Morgenbrod & Serifi (1976, 1977, 1978). The aim of this article is an examination of the sound structure of shorashim.In general we can divide the consonants which form the shorashim into two different types; concerning (a) the manner of articulation (e.g. plosives, nasals, etc.); and (b) the place of articulation (e.g. bilabials, labiodentals, etc.).In this study we have concentrated on position of articulation and ignore manner of articulation.In Figure I the consonants forming the shorashim are related to the different kinds of sounds according to Wendt (1961).In order to investigate the relationship between the sounds it is convenient to establish so-called compound matrices with a computer. All computation was done by a program in COBOL running on the SIEMENS System 4004. As material for our analysis we took 2443 shorashim from the sources Barkaly (1972) and Even-Shoshan (1972).

Developmental Study of the Effect of Dimensionality and Presentation Mode on Original Thinking of Children

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1275-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah W. Tegano ◽  
James D. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Presentation Mode ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Multidimensional Stimulus ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Original Thinking

A sample of 188 children in three age groups, preschool, first and third grades, were administered the Patterns Task of the Multidimensional Stimulus Fluency Measure in four test conditions. The conditions systematically varied dimension (three or two) and presentation mode (handling or nonhandling). The fluency measure assessed ideational fluency, popular and original responses, as a measure of creative potential in young children. Analysis showed that dimensionality does not play a major role in the generation of original responses for any grade. However, handling 3-dimensional or 2-dimensional stimuli did appear to facilitate original thinking in preschool children. The use of 2-dimensional photographs which depict dimensionality appeared to compensate for the need to have 3-dimensional stimuli.

DEMOGRAPHIC STABILITY OF ENTERPRISES: INDUSTRY SECTION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Алёна Амирановна Арошидзе
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Industry Section

Демографический анализ предприятий служит одним из ключевых индикаторов социально-экономического развития страны. Кроме того, он позволяет в некоторой степени оценить результативность политики по стимулированию предпринимательской деятельности. В этой связи данная статья посвящена оценке жизненности предприятий по возрастным группам и стабильности отраслевых позиций по данному коэффициенту. Demographic analysis of enterprises is one of the key indicators of the country's socio-economic development. In addition, it allows to assess to some extent the effectiveness of policies to stimulate entrepreneurship. In this regard, this article is devoted to assessing the viability of enterprises by age groups and the stability of industry positions according to this coefficient.

scholarly journals Estimation of Starch and Sugar Intake in a Japanese Population Based on a Newly Developed Food Composition Database

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Fujiwara ◽  
Kentaro Murakami ◽  
Keiko Asakura ◽  
Ken Uechi ◽  
Minami Sugimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age And Sex

Due to a lack of a food composition database on starch and sugars, we developed a comprehensive database on starch and seven types of sugars in commonly consumed foods (n = 2222) in Japan. Dietary record data of 368 toddlers (aged 18–35 months), 376 preschool children (aged 3–6 years), 915 schoolchildren (aged 8–14 years) and 392 adults (aged 20–69 years) were used. The mean starch intake ranged from 55.6 g/day (female toddlers) to 206.0 g/day (male schoolchildren). Irrespective of age and sex, >50% of starch was provided by rice and grains. The mean total sugar intake ranged from 46.1 g/day (female toddlers) to 68.7 g/day (male schoolchildren). In all age and sex groups, the major contributors of total sugar included sucrose (mean: 18.2–34.0 g/day), glucose (7.8–13.1 g/day), lactose (5.3–13.1 g/day) and fructose (7.6–11.1 g/day). The top food sources were dairy products (toddlers) and confectionaries (other age groups) for total sugar, confectionaries for sucrose, fruits (toddlers) and vegetables (other age groups) for glucose, dairy products for lactose and fruits (toddlers and preschool children) and vegetables (schoolchildren and adults) for fructose. In conclusion, this study clarified the starch and sugar intake in Japan and provides a foundation for future research.

scholarly journals An Attitudinal Study of English as a Foreign Language in Sukkur Sindh Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Ashfaque Hussain Soomro ◽  
Zaheer Ahmed Bango ◽  
Imran Khan Mahesar
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Learning Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Complex Process

<p><em>Foreign language learning is a complex process and is influenced by various factors. The attitude of students towards language learning is a major decisive factor in this process; therefore, the current study was carried out to explore this phenomenon. The students of English Works Program Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan were the target population for the current study. The said program was initiated by a Karachi based organization which enrolled fifty students for a 240 hours certificate course in English language. The students already had some formal education ranging from Intermediate to Masters level and belonged to different age groups. The aim of this quantitative study was to investigate their language learning attitudes from three aspects: behavioral, cognitive and emotional. For data collection purposes, a questionnaire comprising 30 closed-ended items was adapted from Eshghinejad, (2016), Boonrangsri, Chuaymankhong, Rermyindee, &amp; Vongchittpinyo, (2004) and Gardner (1985). This was followed by descriptive and inferential statistical analysis by using independent sample t-test (SPSS-22). The results show that the students have positive attitudes towards learning English as a foreign language.</em></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals The role of the antioxidant: Selenopyran in the stability of the antioxidant system to toxic effect of cadmium chloride

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
U. Kravchenko ◽  
G. Borjaev ◽  
M. Nevitov ◽  
A. Ostapchuk ◽  
E. Kistanova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Gpx Activity ◽  
Preventive Role

The purpose of the present work was, under conditions of the model experiment on rats, to tap the information about the features of shortterm acclimatization of the antioxidant system in various organs to toxicity of cadmium at stages of an ontogenesis and about the preventive role of the antioxidant selenopyran in this process. The obtained results showed the ontogenetic differences in the adaptive reactivity of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system in the most important organs and tissues of rats under conditions of oxidative stress induced by cadmium. The ontogenetic differences of Se redistribution in a body under influence of cadmium administration were found. The discovered decrease of Se concentration in the liver of young animals and the increase of its concentration in the liver of old animals correlated positively with the changes of GPx activity. Preventive administration of selenopyran (9- phenyl-simmetrical octa-hydroselenoxanthene) to old animals reduced the oxidative stress intensity. Animals of all age groups showed higher selenium concentration in the tissues and the increase in the selenium-dependent GPx activity.

scholarly journals Influence of seasonal changes on the karyotype stability of Ukrainian Black and White dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (93) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
N. Y. Temekh ◽  
L. F. Starodub
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Structural Disorders ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Karyotype Stability

Of the total dairy cattle, 49 % belong to the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed. Animals are demanding to the conditions of detention, so the aim of the study was to study the impact of seasonal changes in the environment on the stability of the karyotype of cows of three age groups (first-born, adult and cows 8–10 years). The variability of the karyotype of the studied animals in different seasons of the year was manifested in the form of quantitative and structural disorders of chromosomes. Of the total dairy cattle, 49 % belong to the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed. Animals are demanding to the conditions of detention, so the aim of the study was to study the impact of seasonal changes in the environment on the stability of the karyotype of cows of three age groups (first-born, adult and cows 8–10 years). The variability of the karyotype of the studied animals in different seasons of the year was manifested in the form of quantitative and structural disorders of chromosomes. In primiparous women, the most pronounced genomic variability (aneuploidy) was observed in summer and winter and was 16.4 % and 8.8 %. In summer, this variability was more than twice the limit of spontaneous chromosomal variability. The highest percentage of structural chromosome abnormalities (chromosomal breaks) in cows of three age groups was observed in winter and was 2.5 %, 2.8 %, 3.0 %, respectively, and did not exceed the limit of spontaneous mutagenesis characteristic of cattle. An increased proportion of lymphocytes with a micronucleus in first-borns and cows aged 8–10 years (5.6 ‰, 6.4 ‰, respectively) was observed in the summer. The increased proportion of dinuclear lymphocytes appeared in the first-born in the summer season and amounted to 7.6 ‰ (at P > 0.99), and in cows 8–10 years, this variability in the summer season was 6.2 ‰, in winter – 6.7 ‰ with a statistically significant difference (P > 0.95) between the spontaneous level of cytogenetic variability. The association between karyotype stability of the studied animals and seasonal environmental factors was determined using a correlation coefficient (r). A significant positive correlation was found between aneuploidy and air temperature in primiparous and cows aged 8–10 years, relative humidity, precipitation and wind strength and chromosomal gaps in primiparous and adult cows, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity and asynchronous divergence. in adult cows and cows aged 8–10 years. A positive reliable associative dependence of the appearance of micronucleus lymphocytes and dinuclear lymphocytes on the amount of precipitation and wind strength in this area in primiparous and adult cows was established.

Genetic and environmental effects in L1 phonological acquisitionThe case of consonant harmony in Greek child speech

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Tzakosta
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Input Frequency ◽  
Stressed Syllable ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Consonant Harmony ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Greek Child ◽  
Ambient Language ◽  
Child Speech ◽  
Manner Of Articulation

AbstractConsonant harmony (CH) is a phenomenon commonly found in child language. Cross-linguistically, Place of Articulation (PoA), specifically the Coronal Node, undergoes CH, while regressive harmony seems to be the preferred directionality that CH takes (cf. Goad 2001a, b; Levelt 1994; Rose 2000, 2001). In the present study, drawing on naturalistic data from nine children acquiring Greek L1, we place emphasis on the fact that multiple factors need to be considered in parallel, in order to account for CH patterns: Not only PoA, but also Manner of Articulation (MoA) contributes to CH; consequently, (de)voicing or continuity harmony emerges. Although regressive harmony is generally favoured, markedness scales and word stress highly affect directionality. Coronal, stop and voiceless segments trigger and undergo CH depending on their degree of prominence and their position in the word. Harmony can be partial or full, i.e. either place or manner or both place and manner of articulation are targeted. Progressive harmony emerges when the triggers belong to the stressed syllable or when they are stops. Cases of double, bidirectional and recursive harmony are also reported. In general, Greek CH patterns are the product of combined factors determined by phonological principles and input frequency in the ambient language. In other words, the degree to which Greek CH patterns are different from cross-linguistic findings depends on the combination of UG principles and language specific/environmental effects, as well as the prominence of certain of these factors over others.

Reliability Estimates and Age and Gender Comparisons of Expectations of Success in Sex-Typed Activities

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Sanguinetti ◽  
Amelia M. Lee ◽  
Jack Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Sex Typing ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Motor Skill Acquisition ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Stability

The purposes of this study were to determine the stability of estimations of success in masculine, feminine, and gender-neutral motor tasks with subjects of three age groups, and to compare expectancies for success of boys and girls at each of the ages. A total of 90 subjects took part in the study, including 15 males and 15 females randomly selected from the three age groups (grades 1 & 2; grades 6 & 7; and adults). Three activities (football, ballet, and swimming) had been sex-typed in a previous study as masculine, feminine, and neutral, respectively. Subjects were asked to indicate how they would expect to perform on three occasions in all three tasks. Results indicated that all age groups can provide reliable expectations for their success in motor skill acquisition, although the younger children's estimates are slightly less reliable, especially on the first trial. Sex-typing of activities was found to definitely affect the performance estimations in all three age groups. Males' expectancies were higher on the male task and females' expectancies were higher on the female task. The younger children's overall estimates of success were higher than those of the older groups.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AGGREGATION OF THE DRUG DERINAT IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF ARVI IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN THE PRACTICE OF THE DISTRICT PEDIATRICIAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
Анна Александровна Зуйкова ◽  
Ольга Николаевна Красноруцкая ◽  
Юлия Александровна Котова ◽  
Даниил Юрьевич Бугримов
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Outpatient Settings

Острые респираторные вирусные инфекции (ОРВИ) представляют собой серьезную проблему для общественного здравоохранения во всем мире, вызывая значительную заболеваемость и смертность среди людей всех возрастных групп. Дети заражаются в среднем в два-три раза чаще, чем взрослые. Целью исследования является оценка эффективности препарата Деринат в комплексном лечении острых респираторных вирусных инфекций у детей дошкольного возраста в условиях амбулаторно-поликлинического приема. В исследование были включены дети в возрасте от 3 до 7 лет (включительно) не являющиеся школьниками, с клиническим диагнозом острая респираторная вирусная инфекция (ОРВИ), с симптомами, проявляющимися не длительнее 48 часов, не подвергавшихся противовирусной и иммуномодулирующей терапией в течение 30 дней до текущего посещения врача. В результате проведенного исследования установлено, что комплексное лечение ОРВИ у детей дошкольного возраста с применением препарата Деринат с первого дня терапии позволяет устранить отдельные симптомы ОРВИ значительно быстрее и эффективнее, чем при стандартных схемах терапии: ринорея и заложенность носа купируется на 2 день терапии, а гиперемия ротоглотки и отечность миндалин - на 3 день. Назначение изучаемого препарата в комплексном лечении ОРВИ в 2,4 раза повышает «Индекс здоровья» у дошкольников по сравнению с показателем при стандартных схемах лечения Acute respiratory viral infections are a serious public health problem worldwide, causing significant morbidity and mortality among people of all age groups. Children are infected on average two to three times more often than adults. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the drug Derinat in the complex treatment of acute respiratory viral infections in preschool children in outpatient settings. The study included children aged 3 to 7 years (inclusive) who are not schoolchildren, with a clinical diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infection, with symptoms that manifest no longer than 48 hours, who were not subjected to antiviral and immunomodulatory therapy for 30 days before the current doctor's visit. As a result of the study, it was found that the complex treatment of acute respiratory viral infections in preschool children with the use of the drug Derinat from the first day of therapy can eliminate individual symptoms of ARVI much faster and more effectively than with standard therapy regimens: rhinorrhea and nasal congestion are stopped on day 2 of therapy, and oropharyngeal hyperemia and tonsillar edema - on day 3. The administration of the studied drug in the complex treatment of acute respiratory viral infections increases the "Health Index" in preschool children by 2.4 times compared to the indicator for standard treatment regimens

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