scholarly journals Biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of pseudo-oligosaccharides

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah R. Alanzi ◽  
Ananiya A. Demessie ◽  
Taifo Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Chemical Structures

Pseudo-oligosaccharides are microbial-derived secondary metabolites whose chemical structures contain pseudosugars (glycomimetics). Owing to their high resemblance to the molecules of life (carbohydrates), most pseudo-oligosaccharides show significant biological activities. Some of them have been used as drugs to treat human and plant diseases. Because of their significant economic value, efforts have been put into understanding their biosynthesis, optimizing their fermentation conditions, and engineering their metabolic pathways to obtain better production yields. Many unusual enzymes participating in diverse biosynthetic pathways to pseudo-oligosaccharides have been reported. Various methods and conditions to improve the production yields of the target compounds and eliminate byproducts have also been developed. This review article describes recent studies on the biosynthesis, fermentation optimization, and metabolic engineering of high-value pseudo-oligosaccharides.

scholarly journals Advances in Phenazines over the Past Decade: Review of Their Pharmacological Activities, Mechanisms of Action, Biosynthetic Pathways and Synthetic Strategies

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
Junjie Yan ◽  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Jiatong Cai ◽  
Yiming Wang ◽  
Dahong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Synthetic Derivatives

Phenazines are a large group of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, providing diverse chemical structures and various biological activities. Natural phenazines are mainly isolated from marine and terrestrial microorganisms. So far, more than 100 different natural compounds and over 6000 synthetic derivatives have been found and investigated. Many phenazines show great pharmacological activity in various fields, such as antimicrobial, antiparasitic, neuroprotective, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. Researchers continued to investigate these compounds and hope to develop them as medicines. Cimmino et al. published a significant review about anticancer activity of phenazines, containing articles from 2000 to 2011. Here, we mainly summarize articles from 2012 to 2021. According to sources of compounds, phenazines were categorized into natural phenazines and synthetic phenazine derivatives in this review. Their pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action, biosynthetic pathways and synthetic strategies were summarized. These may provide guidance for the investigation on phenazines in the future.

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolites from Gorgonian Corals of the Genus Eunicella: Structural Characterizations, Biological Activities, and Synthetic Approaches

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Dario Matulja ◽  
Maria Kolympadi Markovic ◽  
Gabriela Ambrožić ◽  
Sylvain Laclef ◽  
Sandra Kraljević Pavelić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Gorgonian Corals ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Further Development

Gorgonian corals, which belong to the genus Eunicella, are known as natural sources of diverse compounds with unique structural characteristics and interesting bioactivities both in vitro and in vivo. This review is focused primarily on the secondary metabolites isolated from various Eunicella species. The chemical structures of 64 compounds were divided into three main groups and comprehensively presented: a) terpenoids, b) sterols, and c) alkaloids and nucleosides. The observed biological activities of depicted metabolites with an impact on cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities were reviewed. The most promising biological activities of certain metabolites point to potential candidates for further development in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other industries, and are highlighted. Total synthesis or the synthetic approaches towards the desired skeletons or natural products are also summarized.

scholarly journals Insights into the Diversity of Secondary Metabolites of Planktothrix Using a Biphasic Approach Combining Global Genomics and Metabolomics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanrda Kim Tiam ◽  
Muriel Gugger ◽  
Justine Demay ◽  
Severine Le Manach ◽  
Charlotte Duval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Ancient Lineage ◽  
Major Bottleneck ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Slow Growing

Cyanobacteria are an ancient lineage of slow-growing photosynthetic bacteria and a prolific source of natural products with diverse chemical structures and potent biological activities and toxicities. The chemical identification of these compounds remains a major bottleneck. Strategies that can prioritize the most prolific strains and novel compounds are of great interest. Here, we combine chemical analysis and genomics to investigate the chemodiversity of secondary metabolites based on their pattern of distribution within some cyanobacteria. Planktothrix being a cyanobacterial genus known to form blooms worldwide and to produce a broad spectrum of toxins and other bioactive compounds, we applied this combined approach on four closely related strains of Planktothrix. The chemical diversity of the metabolites produced by the four strains was evaluated using an untargeted metabolomics strategy with high-resolution LC-MS. Metabolite profiles were correlated with the potential of metabolite production identified by genomics for the different strains. Although, the Planktothrix strains present a global similarity in term biosynthetic cluster gene for microcystin, aeruginosin and prenylagaramide for example, we found remarkable strain-specific chemo-diversity. Only few of the chemical features were common to the four studied strains. Additionally, the MS/MS data were analyzed using Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) to identify molecular families of the same biosynthetic origin. In conclusion, we present an efficient integrative strategy for elucidating the chemical diversity of a given genus and link the data obtained from analytical chemistry to biosynthetic genes of cyanobacteria.

scholarly journals Lichens: traditional use and biological activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchira R. Sutar ◽  
◽  
Subhash B. Gaikwad ◽  
Sachin V. Mapari ◽  
Bhaskar C. Behera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
The World ◽  
Immense Potential

Lichens are a stable symbiotic association between photobiont (algae and/or cyanobacteria) and mycobiont (fungi). They are utilized in traditional medicine for ages and documented in various pharmacopeia throughout the world. India is having a rich diversity of lichen species represented by about 2400 species. The tribal inhabitant around forests and other difficult terrains acquired unique knowledge about the use of much wide flora and fauna. Most of these are either lesser known or unknown to the outside world. The treasure of traditional knowledge if subjected to scientific scrutiny could benefit humankind in many ways. They produce unique secondary metabolites through various metabolic pathways and are known to exhibit a wide array of bioactivities. We have reviewed the literature for traditional knowledge of the lichen species and biological activities reported to study its inter-relationship. It was observed that that still a major percentage of lichens have remained unexplored. These lichens may have immense potential; and if analysed could be used in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic industries, and many more.

scholarly journals The Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Marine Natural Products from Leptolyngbya, a Chemically Endowed Genus of Cyanobacteria

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Yueying Li ◽  
C. Benjamin Naman ◽  
Kelsey L. Alexander ◽  
Huashi Guan ◽  
William H. Gerwick
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
Ecological Habitats ◽  
Product Chemistry

Leptolyngbya, a well-known genus of cyanobacteria, is found in various ecological habitats including marine, fresh water, swamps, and rice fields. Species of this genus are associated with many ecological phenomena such as nitrogen fixation, primary productivity through photosynthesis and algal blooms. As a result, there have been a number of investigations of the ecology, natural product chemistry, and biological characteristics of members of this genus. In general, the secondary metabolites of cyanobacteria are considered to be rich sources for drug discovery and development. In this review, the secondary metabolites reported in marine Leptolyngbya with their associated biological activities or interesting biosynthetic pathways are reviewed, and new insights and perspectives on their metabolic capacities are gained.

Review: Phytochemicals of the Seriphidium, Economically and Pharmaceutically Important Genus of Asteraceae Family

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
Nusrat Shafiq ◽  
Sahrish Shafiq ◽  
Naila Rafiq ◽  
Shagufta Parveen ◽  
Irum Javed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Pyridine Derivatives ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Phenolic Derivatives ◽  
Asteraceae Family

Seriphidium plants were reported to be utilized by local communities to cure their ailments in the form of paste, tincture, tea, nutraceuticals due to their medicinal properties. Most of the species are used as food, forage and ornamentals, etc. Due to the significant properties of the Seriphidium plants, the present article was designed to compile the data of major aspects and chemical constituents of genus Seriphidium responsible for their significant uses. This review article comprehensively covers the biological potential of different plants with their secondary metabolites and describes an overview of the biological activities of the different species belonging to genus Seriphidium. The main secondary metabolites isolated from different species of the genus Seriphidium are triterpenoid, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, coumarins, chromones, anthraquinones, polyphenols and their glycosides, phenolic derivatives, balchanins, costunolides, Vulgarin, pyridine derivatives, ceramides, biphenyls, isoflavones. All these compounds are used in the drug industry.

scholarly journals Asterosaponins: Structures, Taxonomic Distribution, Biogenesis and Biological Activities

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Valentin A. Stonik ◽  
Alla A. Kicha ◽  
Timofey V. Malyarenko ◽  
Natalia V. Ivanchina
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Taxonomic Distribution ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Structural Peculiarities

Asterosaponins are a class of steroid oligoglycosides isolated from starfish with characteristic structures and diverse biological activities. In this review, we have attempted to combine the most important data concerning asterosaponins and give a list of these secondary metabolites with their structural peculiarities. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief but as complete as possible principal information about their chemical structures, taxonomic distribution in the marine environment, distribution in different geographical areas and depths, some properties, biological activities, and functions. Some other rare steroid metabolites from starfish, closely related in structures and probably biogenesis to asterosaponins, are also discussed.

scholarly journals Plant Secondary Metabolites: An Opportunity for Circular Economy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Ilaria Chiocchio ◽  
Manuela Mandrone ◽  
Paola Tomasi ◽  
Lorenzo Marincich ◽  
Ferruccio Poli
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Chemical Structures

Moving toward a more sustainable development, a pivotal role is played by circular economy and a smarter waste management. Industrial wastes from plants offer a wide spectrum of possibilities for their valorization, still being enriched in high added-value molecules, such as secondary metabolites (SMs). The current review provides an overview of the most common SM classes (chemical structures, classification, biological activities) present in different plant waste/by-products and their potential use in various fields. A bibliographic survey was carried out, taking into account 99 research articles (from 2006 to 2020), summarizing all the information about waste type, its plant source, industrial sector of provenience, contained SMs, reported bioactivities, and proposals for its valorization. This survey highlighted that a great deal of the current publications are focused on the exploitation of plant wastes in human healthcare and food (including cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and food additives). However, as summarized in this review, plant SMs also possess an enormous potential for further uses. Accordingly, an increasing number of investigations on neglected plant matrices and their use in areas such as veterinary science or agriculture are expected, considering also the need to implement “greener” practices in the latter sector.

scholarly journals Secondary metabolites, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the leaf extracts of Acacia rigidula benth. and Acacia berlandieri benth.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cavazos ◽  
David Gonzalez ◽  
Jocelyn Lanorio ◽  
Ruby Ynalvez
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Acacia Berlandieri ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Acacia Rigidula ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

AbstractThe use of plants as sources for novel antimicrobial as well as antioxidant agents offers advantages. Plants are readily accessible and inexpensive, extracts or compounds from plant sources often demonstrate high level of biological activities. Previous studies have reported antibacterial and antifungal activities within the Fabaceae family that included Acacia species. This study aims to determine presence of antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, and the secondary metabolites of sequential solvent extracts (acetone, methanol, and acetic acid) of Acacia berlandieri and Acacia rigidula leaves. The antibacterial activity was investigated using a disc diffusion assay. The ferric thiocyanate method was used to assess the ability of all extracts to prevent oxidation. Qualitative phytochemical tests, NMR, IR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy were done to identify potential secondary metabolites. P. alcalifaciens (p < 0.001), E. faecalis (p < 0.01), S. aureus (p < 0.001), and Y. enterocolitica (p < 0.001) were significantly inhibited by A. rigidula extracts when compared to A. berlandieri extracts. A. rigidula’s acetone extract exhibited the significantly (p < 0.001) highest inhibition of peroxidation, 42%. Qualitative phytochemical tests showed positive results for presence of phenols, flavonoids, saponins, terpenes and tannins. NMR, IR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed chemical structures found in flavonoids, saponins, terpenes and tannins, supporting the results of qualitative phytochemical tests. A. berlandieri and A. rigidula leaf extracts have revealed presence of medicinally valued bioactive components. The results of this study provide a basis for further investigations of the A. rigidula leaf extracts. A. rigidula leaf extracts have the potential to serve as a source of novel antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals DETEKSI SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER JAMUR ENDOFIT DARI AKAR TANAMAN KARET (Hevea brasiliensis)

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Widya Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ganoderma Boninense ◽  
Living Plant

Endophytic fungi are a group of fungi whose part or whole life is in living plant tissue and usually does not harm the host. Endophytic fungi generally produce secondary metabolites that have beneficial biological activities such as anti-cancer compounds, antifungi or antibacterials. Control of plant diseases caused by Rigidoporus microporus and Ganoderma boninense can be done by using biological agents, namely by using endophytic fungi. This fungus has metabolite compounds that can inhibit the growth of Rigidoporus microporus and Ganoderma boninense. This study aims to determine what content is found in endophytic mushroom extracts isolated from rubber plants (Hevea brasiliensis). Endophytic fungi are extracted by maceration using methanol and ethyl acetate solvents. The extract was tested for antifungal activity using diffusion method. The content of secondary metabolites was tested by phytochemical test. The results of endophytic fungal extraction with methanol and ethyl acetate solvents resulted in antifungal activity with inhibitory zones in a row namely WL01: 2.19 and 2.15 mm Fungi Isolates on Ganoderma boninense while 3.09 mm WL02 against Rigidoporus microporus Based on the phytochemical test results, endophytic fungal extract with methanol and ethyl acetate solvents showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol and saponin. Keywords: endofit, fungi, hevea, secondary metabolites

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