scholarly journals Plant Secondary Metabolites: An Opportunity for Circular Economy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Ilaria Chiocchio ◽  
Manuela Mandrone ◽  
Paola Tomasi ◽  
Lorenzo Marincich ◽  
Ferruccio Poli
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Chemical Structures

Moving toward a more sustainable development, a pivotal role is played by circular economy and a smarter waste management. Industrial wastes from plants offer a wide spectrum of possibilities for their valorization, still being enriched in high added-value molecules, such as secondary metabolites (SMs). The current review provides an overview of the most common SM classes (chemical structures, classification, biological activities) present in different plant waste/by-products and their potential use in various fields. A bibliographic survey was carried out, taking into account 99 research articles (from 2006 to 2020), summarizing all the information about waste type, its plant source, industrial sector of provenience, contained SMs, reported bioactivities, and proposals for its valorization. This survey highlighted that a great deal of the current publications are focused on the exploitation of plant wastes in human healthcare and food (including cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and food additives). However, as summarized in this review, plant SMs also possess an enormous potential for further uses. Accordingly, an increasing number of investigations on neglected plant matrices and their use in areas such as veterinary science or agriculture are expected, considering also the need to implement “greener” practices in the latter sector.

scholarly journals Exploitation of Agro-Industrial Waste as Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds for Aquaculture

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 843
Author(s):  
Nayely Leyva-López ◽  
Cynthia E. Lizárraga-Velázquez ◽  
Crisantema Hernández ◽  
Erika Y. Sánchez-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Bodies Of Water

The agroindustry generates a large amount of waste. In postharvest, food losses can reach up to 50%. This waste represents a source of contamination of soil, air, and bodies of water. This represents a problem for the environment as well as for public health. However, this waste is an important source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, terpenes, and β-glucans, among others. Several biological activities have been attributed to these compounds; for example, antioxidant, antimicrobial, gut microbiota, and immune system modulators. These properties have been associated with improvements in health. Recently, the approach of using these bioactive compounds as food additives for aquaculture have been addressed, where it is sought that organisms, in addition to growing, preserve their health and become disease resistant. The exploitation of agro-industrial waste as a source of bioactive compounds for aquaculture has a triple objective—to provide added value to production chains, reduce pollution, and improve the well-being of organisms through nutrition. However, to make use of the waste, it is necessary to revalue them, mainly by determining their biological effects in aquaculture organisms. The composition of bioactive compounds of agro-industrial wastes, their biological properties, and their application in aquaculture will be addressed here.

scholarly journals Antiparasitic effects of selected isoflavones on flatworms

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
D. Faixová ◽  
G. Hrčková ◽  
T. Mačák Kubašková ◽  
D. Mudroňová
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Antiparasitic Drug ◽  
Wide Range

SummaryMedicinal plants have been successfully used in the ethno medicine for a wide range of diseases since ancient times. The research on natural products has allowed the discovery of biologically relevant compounds inspired by plant secondary metabolites, what contributed to the development of many chemotherapeutic drugs. Flavonoids represent a group of therapeutically very effective plant secondary metabolites and selected molecules were shown to exert also antiparasitic activity. This work summarizes the recent knowledge generated within past three decades about potential parasitocidal activities of several flavonoids with different chemical structures, particularly on medically important flatworms such as Schistosoma spp., Fasciola spp., Echinococcus spp., Raillietina spp., and model cestode Mesocestoides vogae. Here we focus on curcumin, genistein, quercetin and silymarin complex of flavonolignans. All of them possess a whole spectrum of biological activities on eukaryotic cells which have multi-therapeutic effects in various diseases. In vitro they can induce profound alterations in the tegumental architecture and its functions as well as their activity can significantly modulate or damage worm´s metabolism directly by interaction with enzymes or signaling molecules in dose-dependent manner. Moreover, they seem to differentially regulate the RNA activity in numbers of worm´s genes. This review suggests that examined flavonoids and their derivates are promising molecules for antiparasitic drug research. Due to lack of toxicity, isoflavons could be used directly for therapy, or as adjuvant therapy for diseases caused by medically important cestodes and trematodes.

scholarly journals Methyl Jasmonate Induced Oxidative Stress and Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites in Plant Cell and Organ Cultures

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh-Tam Ho ◽  
Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy ◽  
So-Young Park
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Organ Cultures

Recently, plant secondary metabolites are considered as important sources of pharmaceuticals, food additives, flavours, cosmetics, and other industrial products. The accumulation of secondary metabolites in plant cell and organ cultures often occurs when cultures are subjected to varied kinds of stresses including elicitors or signal molecules. Application of exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) is responsible for the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent defence mechanisms in cultured cells and organs. It is also responsible for the induction of signal transduction, the expression of many defence genes followed by the accumulation of secondary metabolites. In this review, the application of exogenous MJ elicitation strategies on the induction of defence mechanism and secondary metabolite accumulation in cell and organ cultures is introduced and discussed. The information presented here is useful for efficient large-scale production of plant secondary metabolites by the plant cell and organ cultures.

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolites from Gorgonian Corals of the Genus Eunicella: Structural Characterizations, Biological Activities, and Synthetic Approaches

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Dario Matulja ◽  
Maria Kolympadi Markovic ◽  
Gabriela Ambrožić ◽  
Sylvain Laclef ◽  
Sandra Kraljević Pavelić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Gorgonian Corals ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Further Development

Gorgonian corals, which belong to the genus Eunicella, are known as natural sources of diverse compounds with unique structural characteristics and interesting bioactivities both in vitro and in vivo. This review is focused primarily on the secondary metabolites isolated from various Eunicella species. The chemical structures of 64 compounds were divided into three main groups and comprehensively presented: a) terpenoids, b) sterols, and c) alkaloids and nucleosides. The observed biological activities of depicted metabolites with an impact on cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities were reviewed. The most promising biological activities of certain metabolites point to potential candidates for further development in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other industries, and are highlighted. Total synthesis or the synthetic approaches towards the desired skeletons or natural products are also summarized.

scholarly journals Insights into the Diversity of Secondary Metabolites of Planktothrix Using a Biphasic Approach Combining Global Genomics and Metabolomics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanrda Kim Tiam ◽  
Muriel Gugger ◽  
Justine Demay ◽  
Severine Le Manach ◽  
Charlotte Duval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Ancient Lineage ◽  
Major Bottleneck ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Slow Growing

Cyanobacteria are an ancient lineage of slow-growing photosynthetic bacteria and a prolific source of natural products with diverse chemical structures and potent biological activities and toxicities. The chemical identification of these compounds remains a major bottleneck. Strategies that can prioritize the most prolific strains and novel compounds are of great interest. Here, we combine chemical analysis and genomics to investigate the chemodiversity of secondary metabolites based on their pattern of distribution within some cyanobacteria. Planktothrix being a cyanobacterial genus known to form blooms worldwide and to produce a broad spectrum of toxins and other bioactive compounds, we applied this combined approach on four closely related strains of Planktothrix. The chemical diversity of the metabolites produced by the four strains was evaluated using an untargeted metabolomics strategy with high-resolution LC-MS. Metabolite profiles were correlated with the potential of metabolite production identified by genomics for the different strains. Although, the Planktothrix strains present a global similarity in term biosynthetic cluster gene for microcystin, aeruginosin and prenylagaramide for example, we found remarkable strain-specific chemo-diversity. Only few of the chemical features were common to the four studied strains. Additionally, the MS/MS data were analyzed using Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) to identify molecular families of the same biosynthetic origin. In conclusion, we present an efficient integrative strategy for elucidating the chemical diversity of a given genus and link the data obtained from analytical chemistry to biosynthetic genes of cyanobacteria.

scholarly journals Genome mining of a marine-derived Streptomyces sp. PDH23 isolated from sponge in Da Nang sea for secondary metabolite gene clusters

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-721
Author(s):  
Le Ngoc Giang ◽  
Le Thi Hong Minh ◽  
Vu Thi Quyen ◽  
Nguyen Mai Anh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Genome Mining ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Streptomyces Sp

The streptomyces is one of the best characterized ubiquitous filamentous bacteria from the actinobacteriaclass. They are known to produce thousands of specialized metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters (SMBG). Their SMBG clusters have multiple activities ranging from antimicrobial, antitumor, antiviral and probiotic. Streptomyces strain and their isolates with interesting biological activities against gram-positive and gram-negative indicator strains was recently characterised. Currently, they are employed in more than half of all antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine. With the increase in drug resistance bacteria, it is important to mine for new natural chemicals.In this study, screening via disk-diffusion agar method revealed that Streptomyces sp. PDH23 isolated from the Rhabdastrellaglobostellata marine sponge sample from Da Nang, Vietnam produce antimicrobial agents with a wide spectrum of activities. This species can produce highly active enzymes, which breakdown celluloses, amyloses and proteins. On top of that they are shown to restrict the grow of the gram positive Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 (BC), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (SA), the gram-negativeVibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC17802 (VP) and the Candida albicans ATCC10231 fungus (CA). They are antimethicillin-resistant S. aureus(MRSA) ATCC33591 andmethicillin-resistantS. epidermidis (MRSE) ATCC35984. The taxonomy of PDH23 was characterized using 16S rRNA analysis. Whole genome sequencing of PDH23 showed 8594820 base pairs with GC content of 72.03%. Mining of secondary metabolites reveals gene clusters responsible for the biosynthesis of known and/or novel secondary metabolites, including different types of terpene, NRPS-like , PKS, PKS-like, hglE-KS, betalactone, melanin, t1pks, t2pks, t3pks, nrps, indole, siderophore, bacteriocin, ectoine, butyrolactone, phenazine.

scholarly journals Review of Phytochemicals and Its Biological Activities and Contemporary Nutraceuticals

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 298-310
Author(s):  
Laode Rijai
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
World Market ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Pomegranate Juice ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Aloe Vera Gel ◽  
High Level

Nutraceutical is food for health with functions of preventive, promotive, rehabilitation, aesthetic, intelligence to curative. Nutraceuticals as food products can have a contemporary value, which is a trend or extraordinary circumstance that attracts consumers because of its function as a supplement, functional food, medical food, and genetically engineered food so that it penetrates the world market without limits. Nutraceuticals that are contemporary make it easy to achieve the goals of health care by using the "nutraceuticals" approach because the client wishes to himself with a high level of confidence in the benefits of the product for health and therefore uses it. Potential compound for nutraceuticals is secondary metabolites because it has multipotential for health, but specific to certain functions. Secondary metabolites, generally sourced from low plants and animals, because these biological groups do not have a perfect secretion system so that metabolites resulting from secondary metabolism are stored in cells and tissues properly, with several functions, among others, for defense and attractiveness of the biological. Some of the classes and compounds of plant secondary metabolites that are known to have potential for nutraceuticals are Terpenoids, Terpenoids non-Carotenoids, Polyphenolics, Phenolic Acids, Non-Flavonoid Polyphenolics, Glucosinolates, Thiosulphinates, Phytosterols, Anthraquinones, Glucosamines, Octacosanolines, Characticines, Chines) Pectin, Pigments, Tocotrienols and Tocopherols, Ubiquinon and -Lipoic Acid. Furthermore, some contemporary nutraceuticals are Spiruline, Broccoli, Aloe Vera Gel and Aloe Juice, Soyfoods, Omega-3- Fatty Acids, Pomegranate Juice, Walnuts, and Organic Mushroom Nutrace.

scholarly journals Sekonder Bitki Metabolitlerinin In Vitro Koşullarda Üretimi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Tuncay Çalışkan ◽  
Rüştü Hatipoğlu ◽  
Saliha Kırıcı
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Production ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Metabolite Production

Plant secondary metabolites are a group of organic compounds produced by plants to interact with biotic and abiotic factors and for the establishment of defence mechanism. Secondary metabolites are classified based on their biosynthetic origin and chemical structure. They have been used as pharmaceutical, agrochemical, flavours, fragrances, colours and food additives. Secondary metabolites are traditionally produced from the native grown or field grown plants. However, this conventional approach has some disadvantages such as low yield, instability of secondary metabolite contents of the plants due to geographical, seasonal and environmental variations, need for land and heavy labour to grow plants. Therefore, plant cell and organ cultures have emerged as an alternative to plant growing under field conditions for secondary metabolite production. In this literature review, present state of secondary metabolite production through plant cell and organ cultures, its problems as well as solutions of the problems were discussed.

scholarly journals Monoterpenes and Their Derivatives—Recent Development in Biological and Medical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7078
Author(s):  
Mariola Zielińska-Błajet ◽  
Joanna Feder-Kubis
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Biological And Medical Applications

Monoterpenes, comprising hydrocarbons, are the largest class of plant secondary metabolites and are commonly found in essential oils. Monoterpenes and their derivatives are key ingredients in the design and production of new biologically active compounds. This review focuses on selected aliphatic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenes like geraniol, thymol, myrtenal, pinene, camphor, borneol, and their modified structures. The compounds in question play a pivotal role in biological and medical applications. The review also discusses anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, analgesic, antiviral, anticancer, antituberculosis, and antioxidant biological activities exhibited by monoterpenes and their derivatives. Particular attention is paid to the link between biological activity and the effect of structural modification of monoterpenes and monoterpenoids, as well as the introduction of various functionalized moieties into the molecules in question.

Impacts of Food Industrial Wastes on Soil and Its Utilization as Novel Approach for Value Addition

2020 ◽  
pp. 226-243
Author(s):  
Nowsheeba Rashid ◽  
Ifra Ashraf ◽  
Shazia Ramzan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Product ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
Valuable Compounds

Among the various agro-industries, food processing industries are the second prime generator of wastes after domestic sewage. In the current epoch of the rapid budding world, the wastes are mounting, which robustly sway the health of ecosystems and eventually the human population. For that reason, each agro-industrial sector has critical stipulation toward the secure utilization of agro-materials all the way through recycling of wastes. A crude disposal and littering of these waste materials frequently signifies a problem that is additionally provoked by different legal restrictions. Inadequate management of these solid waste constituents could lead to drastic change in physico-chemical properties of soils. The waste product, which is discarded into the environment, is loaded with valuable compounds. They are new, innate, and monetary sources of colorants, protein, dietary fiber, flavoring, antimicrobials, and antioxidants, which can be utilized in the food industry as a basis of natural food additives.

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