Haem oxygenase-1 and cardiovascular disease: mechanisms and therapeutic potential

2011 ◽  
Vol 120 (12) ◽  
pp. 493-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim H. Chan ◽  
Martin K. C. Ng ◽  
Roland Stocker
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Vascular Protection ◽  
Metabolic Role ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Haem Oxygenase

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite progress in management, there remain a significant number of patients who are not eligible for current treatment options. Traditionally, HO-1 (haem oxygenase-1), one of two isoenzymes that initiate haem catabolism, was thought to only play a metabolic role. However, HO-1 is now recognized to have additional protective activities in states of heightened noxious stimuli or stress such as acute coronary syndromes. The present review article provides an overview of the mode of action of HO-1 in vascular protection, with particular emphasis on its atheroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, as well as its role in vascular repair. Furthermore, we present evidence for the protective effects of HO-1 in CVD (cardiovascular disease) in both animal and human studies. Given its potential in vascular protection and repair, strategies aimed at inducing HO-1 emerge as a novel and alternative therapeutic target in the management of CVD.

scholarly journals Advances in the Etiology, Detection, and Clinical Management of Seborrheic Keratoses

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mary D. Sun ◽  
Allan C. Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Treatment Standards ◽  
Oncogenic Mutations ◽  
Malignant State ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Seborrheic Keratoses

Seborrheic keratoses (SKs) are ubiquitous, generally benign skin tumors that exhibit high clinical variability. While age is a known risk factor, the precise roles of UV exposure and immune abnormalities are currently unclear. The underlying mechanisms of this benign disorder are paradoxically driven by oncogenic mutations and may have profound implications for our understanding of the malignant state. Advances in molecular pathogenesis suggest that inhibition of Akt and APP, as well as existing treatments for skin cancer, may have therapeutic potential in SK. Dermoscopic criteria have also become increasingly important to the accurate detection of SK, and other noninvasive diagnostic methods, such as reflectance confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography, are rapidly developing. Given their ability to mimic malignant tumors, SK cases are often used to train artificial intelligence-based algorithms in the computerized detection of skin disease. These technologies are becoming increasingly accurate and have the potential to significantly augment clinical practice. Current treatment options for SK cause discomfort and can lead to adverse post-treatment effects, especially in skin of color. In light of the discontinuation of ESKATA in late 2019, promising alternatives, such as nitric-zinc and trichloroacetic acid topicals, should be further developed. There is also a need for larger, head-to-head trials of emerging laser therapies to ensure that future treatment standards address diverse patient needs.

scholarly journals Vascular Disease in Diabetic Women: Why Do They Miss the Female Protection?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Villela Dantas ◽  
Zuleica Bruno Fortes ◽  
Maria Helena Catelli de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Vascular Protection

Gender plays a pivotal role in the onset as well as in the progression of the cardiovascular disease with a higher morbidity and mortality being detected in men with respect to women. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) may reduce gender-related differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease by fading the vascular protective effects afforded by estrogen in females. This article will discuss the role of sex and sex hormones on the incidence and mechanisms involved in vascular dysfunction associated to T2DM, which might explain why women with T2DM lack the vascular protection.

scholarly journals Current Overview on the Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Perianal Fistula Treatment in Patients with Crohn’s Disease

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1133
Author(s):  
Marcin Włodarczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Czerwińska ◽  
Jakub Włodarczyk ◽  
Jakub Fichna ◽  
Adam Dziki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Perianal Fistula ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Number Of Patients

Perianal fistula in patients with Crohn’s disease is an extremely challenging condition. The disease tends to reoccur, and with current treatment options, a large number of patients are left with active ailment and experience major morbidity. In recent years, hopeful results regarding local use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in perianal Crohn’s disease have been published. Although to this day there are no clear guidelines determining optimal dosage, injections frequency and culture conditions, their efficiency has proven to be much higher than conventionally used methods. According to studies, they can effectively induce as well as maintain fistula closure. This approach also avoids common side effects related to conventional surgical treatment.

The Utility of Anti-Inflammatory Agents in Cardiovascular Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhosh J. Kottoor ◽  
Rohit R. Arora
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
New England ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Increased Risk

Approximately 40% of heart attack survivors remain at increased risk of recurrent cardiovascular events, despite the current treatment options showing that atherothrombosis is not exclusively a disorder of lipoprotein aggregation in the arterial wall. Clinical and experimental data suggest that inflammation plays an important role in atherothrombosis independent of the cholesterol level. Acute-phase reactants, such as C-reactive protein, increase in patients with coronary artery disease and are known to predict adverse outcomes in such patients. The recent CANTOS trial published in The New England Journal of Medicine provides evidence that interleukin-1β along with other cytokines play central roles in the inflammatory reaction that drives the interleukin-6 signaling pathway and have profound effects on cardiovascular outcomes. Several other ongoing studies are focused on multiple immune mediators involved in this process to support the inflammatory hypothesis of cardiovascular diseases. These new classes of drugs could represent the biggest breakthrough in cardiovascular medicine, which could have the greatest impact on cardiovascular mortality since the advent of statins. The drug canakinumab has shown promise in lowering atherosclerosis, and other drugs, such as colchicine and methotrexate, are gaining interest and are being investigated in multiple ongoing trials. A major concern is the affordability of these drugs, as most cardiovascular diseases are noted among people of lower socioeconomic statuses. The LoDoCo trial showed some benefits of colchicine, and whether this old drug can be marketed with a new label for cardiovascular disease remains in question. Therefore, a clear understanding of the different inflammatory pathways involved in atherosclerosis is needed to help develop more effective treatment modalities that will benefit humankind.

scholarly journals Targets of Vitamin C With Therapeutic Potential for Cardiovascular Disease and Underlying Mechanisms: A Study of Network Pharmacology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Zhu ◽  
Bingwu Huang ◽  
Wenbing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a nutrient used to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the pharmacological targets of vitamin C and the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of vitamin C on CVD remain to be elucidated. In this study, we used network pharmacology approach to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of vitamin C for the treatment of CVD. The core targets, major hubs, enriched biological processes, and key signaling pathways were identified. A protein-protein interaction network and an interaction diagram of core target-related pathways were constructed. Three core targets were identified, including phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), and prothrombin. The GO and KEGG analyses identified top 20 enriched biological processes and signaling pathways involved in the therapeutic effects of vitamin C on CVD. The JAK-STAT, STAT, PD1, EGFR, FoxO, and chemokines signaling pathways may be highly involved in the protective effects of vitamin C against CVD. In conclusion, our bioinformatics analyses provided evidence on the possible therapeutic mechanisms of vitamin C in CVD treatment, which may contribute to the development of novel drugs for CVD.

scholarly journals Popular functional foods and nutraceuticals with lipid lowering activity and in relation to cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and related complications: an overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Fang Chiu ◽  
You-Cheng Shen ◽  
Kamesh Venkatakrishnan ◽  
Chin-Kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Lowering Activity

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common non-communicable ailment which claims one-third of total global death. This contribution provides an overview of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia (dyslipidemia) and their related complications as well as the current treatment options with special attention to popular functional foods and nutraceuticals. Currently, many synthetic lipid-lowering drugs are available in the market. However, they trigger several adverse effects. Thus, to overcome this problem nutraceuticals and functional foods which are considered safe, and with multifaceted lipid-lowering activity are highly recommended (adjuvant therapy) for treating dyslipidemia. This review intends to shed light on how to choose the appropriate or better nutraceutical/functional food ingredients to alleviate the risk of CVD, based on recent literature survey with the inclusion of clinical trials and meta-analysis to ensure the efficacy of nutraceuticals/ functional foods on lipid profile.

scholarly journals The novel P2X7 receptor antagonist PKT100 improves cardiac function and survival in pulmonary hypertension by direct targeting of the right ventricle

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (1) ◽  
pp. H183-H191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hansen ◽  
Keyvan Karimi Galougahi ◽  
Marie Besnier ◽  
Elijah Genetzakis ◽  
Michael Tsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
P2x7 Receptor ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Direct Targeting ◽  
The Right

This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential for right-sided heart failure of a novel inhibitor of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R). Inflammatory signaling and right ventricular function were improved in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis with secondary pulmonary hypertension when treated with this inhibitor. Importantly, survival was also improved, suggesting that this inhibitor, and other P2X7R antagonists, could be uniquely effective in right ventricle (RV)-targeted therapy in pulmonary hypertension. This addresses a major limitation of current treatment options, where the significant improvements in pulmonary pressures ultimately do not prevent mortality due to RV failure.

Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in the last decade: treatment options and implications for perfusion in the 21st century

Perfusion ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J Sistino
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Operative Procedure ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Usa

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates determine, to a large extent, the adult patient population that undergoes heart surgery. Many new treatment options have surfaced over the last decade which delay surgical intervention. The purpose of this study is to review the epidemiology of CVD in the USA over the past decade and project treatment patterns for the future. This information is important for the perfusion profession because it will influence the numbers of perfusionists required to staff open-heart centers in this country. Discharge data from hospitals in the USA were reviewed to determine numbers and rates of patients treated for CVD referenced to age and specific types of CVD. Operative procedure codes were reviewed to determine the volume and rates of cardiac surgical procedures, including catheterization and angioplasty, in the USA between 1990 and 2000. The results of this epidemiological review demonstrate that the surgical treatment rates for ischemic heart disease have not increased significantly over the past 10 years, except in the over-65 population. The large increase in the number of patients admitted for congestive heart failure (CHF) (39.4%) during this time period due to an aging population afford the perfusion profession an opportunity to become more involved in treatment options, such as cardiac assist devices. Cardiac surgeons are facing many of the same challenges that we face as perfusionists due to interventional cardiology, and should focus more attention on improving treatment for the heart failure population in the next decade. The continuation of perfusion education programs at their current rate of output seems justified, based on population projections and the increased incidence of CVD in the elderly population.

scholarly journals TRP Channel Cooperation for Nociception: Therapeutic Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 655-677
Author(s):  
Dorien Bamps ◽  
Joris Vriens ◽  
Jan de Hoon ◽  
Thomas Voets
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Trp Channel ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Number Of Patients

Chronic pain treatment remains a sore challenge, and in our aging society, the number of patients reporting inadequate pain relief continues to grow. Current treatment options all have their drawbacks, including limited efficacy and the propensity of abuse and addiction; the latter is exemplified by the ongoing opioid crisis. Extensive research in the last few decades has focused on mechanisms underlying chronic pain states, thereby producing attractive opportunities for novel, effective and safe pharmaceutical interventions. Members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family represent innovative targets to tackle pain sensation at the root. Three TRP channels, TRPV1, TRPM3, and TRPA1, are of particular interest, as they were identified as sensors of chemical- and heat-induced pain in nociceptor neurons. This review summarizes the knowledge regarding TRP channel–based pain therapies, including the bumpy road of the clinical development of TRPV1 antagonists, the current status of TRPA1 antagonists, and the future potential of targeting TRPM3.

How is Schizophrenia Treated?

Schizophrenia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Glatt ◽  
Stephen V. Faraone ◽  
Ming T. Tsuang
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Good Number

In earlier chapters, we described the many advances in our understanding of schizophrenia. Unfortunately, we still do not have a detailed blueprint of what exactly goes wrong in the brain in schizophrenia, or a means for ‘fixing’ the brain. But even without a clear grasp of all the underlying, hidden facts, we have still made many gains. While we search for more clues, we need to use the facts on hand to help individuals with schizophrenia and their families to relieve their suffering. As the saying goes, ‘The perfect is the enemy of the good’, and some good treatment options exist. So while we work toward a perfect under­standing of schizophrenia and develop treatments that are targeted toward each individual’s personal form of the disorder, we must rely on the evidence for existing treatments to separate the ‘good’ from the ‘bad’. Bad treatments are those that are ineffective, counterproductive, or have a high risk of very serious side effects. Good treatments are those that have good evidence of helping a fair number of patients to reduce at least the positive symptoms of the disorder while having a relatively low risk of serious side effects. No current treatment for the disorder will work for all affected individuals, and we do not yet have a way of being able to tell before treatment what chance the affected individual has of improving with a given treatment. These are all goals for future research, including the discovery of brand new medicines. For now, we review the cur­rently available treatments with the best evidence of being able to help a good number of patients. The onset of schizophrenia can be frightening, for both affected individuals and their families. Affected individuals begin to express many odd beliefs: that people are trying to harm them— friends, relatives, strangers, or celebrities; that others can hear their thoughts as if spoken aloud; that voices talk to them, even when they are alone. In addition, they cannot express feelings and thoughts clearly and are frustrated by the doubts expressed by relatives and friends.

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