Cell (patho)physiology of magnesium

2007 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica I. Wolf ◽  
Valentina Trapani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Intracellular Magnesium ◽  
The Road ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Growth Energy

There is an unsettled debate about the role of magnesium as a ‘chronic regulator’ of biological functions, as opposed to the well-known role for calcium as an ‘acute regulator’. New and old findings appear to delineate an increasingly complex and important role for magnesium in many cellular functions. This review summarizes the available evidence for a link between the regulation of intracellular magnesium availability and the control of cell growth, energy metabolism and death, both in healthy and diseased conditions. A comprehensive view is precluded by technical difficulties in tracing magnesium within a multicompartment and dynamic environment like the cell; nevertheless, the last few years has witnessed encouraging progress towards a better characterization of magnesium transport and its storage or mobilization inside the cell. The latest findings pave the road towards a new and deeper appreciation of magnesium homoeostasis and its role in the regulation of essential cell functions.

Characterization of proteins with Siaα2-3/6Gal-linked glycans from bovine milk and role of their glycans against influenza A virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 5198-5208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanjie Yu ◽  
Yaogang Zhong ◽  
Zhiwei Zhang ◽  
Xiawei Liu ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Bovine Milk Proteins

The bovine milk proteins have a wide range of functions, but the role of the attached glycans in their biological functions has not been fully understood yet.

scholarly journals Role of the INDETERMINATE DOMAIN Genes in Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manu Kumar ◽  
Dung Thi Le ◽  
Seongbin Hwang ◽  
Pil Joon Seo ◽  
Hyun Uk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Transcription Factor Family ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Ammonium Metabolism

The INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) genes comprise a conserved transcription factor family that regulates a variety of developmental and physiological processes in plants. Many recent studies have focused on the genetic characterization of IDD family members and revealed various biological functions, including modulation of sugar metabolism and floral transition, cold stress response, seed development, plant architecture, regulation of hormone signaling, and ammonium metabolism. In this review, we summarize the functions and working mechanisms of the IDD gene family in the regulatory network of metabolism and developmental processes.

scholarly journals Evidential Data Fusion for Characterization of Pavement Surface Conditions during Winter Using a Multi-Sensor Approach

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 8218
Author(s):  
Issiaka Diaby ◽  
Mickaël Germain ◽  
Kalifa Goïta
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Evidential Theory ◽  
Learning Architectures

The role of a service that is dedicated to road weather analysis is to issue forecasts and warnings to users regarding roadway conditions, thereby making it possible to anticipate dangerous traffic conditions, especially during the winter period. It is important to define pavement conditions at all times. In this paper, a new data acquisition approach is proposed that is based upon the analysis and combination of two sensors in real time by nanocomputer. The first sensor is a camera that records images and videos of the road network. The second sensor is a microphone that records the tire–pavement interaction, to characterize each surface’s condition. The two low-cost sensors were fed to different deep learning architectures that are specialized in surface state analysis; the results were combined using an evidential theory-based data fusion approach. This study is a proof of concept, to test an evidential approach for improving classification with deep learning, applied to only two sensors; however, one could very well add more sensors and make the nanocomputers communicate together, to analyze a larger urban environment.

scholarly journals Structural characterization of NORAD reveals a stabilizing role of spacers and two new repeat units.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uciel Chorostecki ◽  
Ester Saus ◽  
Toni Gabaldon
Keyword(s):  
Modular Organization ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Repeat Units ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
High Sequence Conservation ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
First Time ◽  
Computational Predictions

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can perform a variety of key cellular functions by interacting with proteins and other RNAs. Recent studies have shown that the function of lncRNAS are largely mediated by their structures. However, our structural knowledge for most lncRNAS is limited to sequence-based computational predictions. Non-coding RNA activated by DNA damage (NORAD) is an atypical lncRNA due to its abundant expression and high sequence conservation. NORAD regulates genomic stability by interacting with proteins and microRNAs. Previous sequence-based characterization has identified a modular organization of NORAD composed of several NORAD repeat units (NRUs). These units comprise the protein-binding elements and are separated by regular spacers of unknown function. Here, we experimentally determine for the first time the secondary structure of NORAD using the nextPARS approach. Our results suggest that the spacer regions provide structural stability to NRUs. Furthermore, we uncover two previously-unreported NRUs, and determine the core structural motifs conserved across NRUs. Overall, these findings will help to elucidate the function and evolution of NORAD.

scholarly journals Zinc Adequacy Is Essential for the Maintenance of Optimal Oral Health

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Uwitonze ◽  
Nkemcho Ojeh ◽  
Julienne Murererehe ◽  
Azeddine Atfi ◽  
Mohammed S. Razzaque
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Enzyme Activation ◽  
Zinc Homeostasis ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Zinc Status ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
And Function ◽  
Zinc Balance

Zinc, a metal found in the Earth’s crust, is indispensable for human health. In the human body, around 60% of zinc is present in muscles, 30% in bones, and the remaining 10% in skin, hair, pancreas, kidneys and plasma. An adequate zinc balance is essential for the maintenance of skeletal growth, development and function. It is also necessary for basic cellular functions including enzyme activation, cell signaling and energy metabolism. Inadequate zinc status is associated with a wide variety of systemic disorders including cardiovascular impairment, musculoskeletal dysfunctions and oromaxillary diseases. In this article, we briefly discuss the role of zinc deficiency in the genesis of various oromaxillary diseases, and explain why adequate zinc homeostasis is vital for the maintenance of oral and general health.

scholarly journals Lipid Metabolism in Oncology: Why It Matters, How to Research, and How to Treat

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Yuki Matsushita ◽  
Hayato Nakagawa ◽  
Kazuhiko Koike
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Glutamine Metabolism ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Altered Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Altered Lipid

Lipids in our body, which are mainly composed of fatty acids, triacylglycerides, sphingolipids, phospholipids, and cholesterol, play important roles at the cellular level. In addition to being energy sources and structural components of biological membranes, several types of lipids serve as signaling molecules or secondary messengers. Metabolic reprogramming has been recognized as a hallmark of cancer, but changes in lipid metabolism in cancer have received less attention compared to glucose or glutamine metabolism. However, recent innovations in mass spectrometry- and chromatography-based lipidomics technologies have increased our understanding of the role of lipids in cancer. Changes in lipid metabolism, so-called “lipid metabolic reprogramming”, can affect cellular functions including the cell cycle, proliferation, growth, and differentiation, leading to carcinogenesis. Moreover, interactions between cancer cells and adjacent immune cells through altered lipid metabolism are known to support tumor growth and progression. Characterization of cancer-specific lipid metabolism can be used to identify novel metabolic targets for cancer treatment, and indeed, several clinical trials are currently underway. Thus, we discuss the latest findings on the roles of lipid metabolism in cancer biology and introduce current advances in lipidomics technologies, focusing on their applications in cancer research.

scholarly journals A simple method for calculation of basic molecular properties of nutrients and their use as a criterion for a healthy diet

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veljko Veljkovic ◽  
Vladimir Perovic ◽  
Marko Anderluh ◽  
Slobodan Paessler ◽  
Milena Veljkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Healthy Nutrition

Background: Healthy nutrition is vital for good health and well-being. Despite the important role of a healthy nutritional diet, recommendations for healthy eating remain elusive and are mainly based on general properties of nutrients. The present study proposes an improved characterization of the molecular characteristics of nutrients, which are important for biological functions and can be useful in describing a healthy diet. Methods: We investigated the electronic properties of some known nutrient ingredients. In this analysis, we used the average quasi valence number (AQVN) and the electron-ion interaction potential (EIIP), which are molecular descriptors that represent the basic electronic properties of organic molecules.  Results: Our results show that most nutrients can be represented by specific groups of organic compounds according to their basic electronic properties, and these differ from the vast majority of known chemicals. Based on this finding, we have proposed a simple criterion for the selection of food components for healthy nutrition. Discussion: Further studies on the electronic properties of nutrients could serve as a basis for better understanding of their biological functions.

scholarly journals A Metabolomic Perspective on Coeliac Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Calabrò ◽  
Ewa Gralka ◽  
Claudio Luchinat ◽  
Edoardo Saccenti ◽  
Leonardo Tenori
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Metabolic Fingerprint ◽  
Complete Set

Metabolomics is an “omic” science that is now emerging with the purpose of elaborating a comprehensive analysis of the metabolome, which is the complete set of metabolites (i.e., small molecules intermediates) in an organism, tissue, cell, or biofluid. In the past decade, metabolomics has already proved to be useful for the characterization of several pathological conditions and offers promises as a clinical tool. A metabolomics investigation of coeliac disease (CD) revealed that a metabolic fingerprint for CD can be defined, which accounts for three different but complementary components: malabsorption, energy metabolism, and alterations in gut microflora and/or intestinal permeability. In this review, we will discuss the major advancements in metabolomics of CD, in particular with respect to the role of gut microbiome and energy metabolism.

Chemokines in the pathogenesis of liver disease: so many players with poorly defined roles

2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. SIMPSON ◽  
Neil C. HENDERSON ◽  
Cynthia L. BONE-LARSON ◽  
Nicholas W. LUKACS ◽  
Cory M. HOGABOAM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Hepatic Disease ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
New Classification

Many new chemokines have been described in recent years, resulting in a new classification of these chemoattractant proteins. The characterization of the biological functions of most chemokines relates to their ability to induce chemotaxis in circulating inflammatory cells. However, it is now clear that chemokines have a much wider biological role, including angiogenesis, carcinogenesis and involvement in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. Our understanding of the role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of disorders of the lungs and brain outstrips that with regard to disorders of the liver. An increased understanding of the role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of liver disease may lead to the development of novel therapies for hepatic disease.

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