Neural stem cells and cell replacement therapy: making the right cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela BITHELL ◽  
Brenda P. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Replacement Therapy ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Cell Replacement ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

The past few years have seen major advances in the field of NSC (neural stem cell) research with increasing emphasis towards its application in cell-replacement therapy for neurological disorders. However, the clinical application of NSCs will remain largely unfeasible until a comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of NSC fate specification is achieved. With this understanding will come an increased possibility to exploit the potential of stem cells in order to manufacture transplantable NSCs able to provide a safe and effective therapy for previously untreatable neurological disorders. Since the pathology of each of these disorders is determined by the loss or damage of a specific neural cell population, it may be necessary to generate a range of NSCs able to replace specific neurons or glia rather than generating a generic NSC population. Currently, a diverse range of strategies is being investigated with this goal in mind. In this review, we focus on the relationship between NSC specification and differentiation and discuss how this information may be used to direct NSCs towards a particular fate.

scholarly journals Ca(2+) Oscillations and Its Transporters in Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2010 ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Ye
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cell Replacement ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intracellular Ca

Intracellular free Ca(2+) is one of important biological signals regulating a number of cell functions. It has been discussed widely and extensively in several cell types during the past two decades. Attention has been paid to the Ca2+ transportation in mesenchymal stem cells in recent years as mesenchymal stem cells have gained considerable interest due to their potential for cell replacement therapy and tissue engineering. In this paper, roles of intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations and its transporters in mesenchymal stem cells have been reviewed.

Neural Stem Cells: From Cell Biology to Cell Replacement

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. E. Armstrong ◽  
Clive N. Svendsen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Cell Replacement Therapy ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Cell Replacement ◽  
Functional Benefit

A large number of crippling neurological conditions result from the loss of certain cell populations from the nervous system through disease or injury, and these cells are not intrinsically replaced. Mounting evidence now suggests that replacement of depleted cell populations by transplantation may be of functional benefit in many such diseases. A diverse range of cell populations is vulnerable, and the loss of specific populations results in circumscribed deficits in different conditions. This diversity presents a considerable challenge if cell replacement therapy is to become widely applicable in the clinical domain, because each condition has specific requirements for the phenotype, developmental stage, and number of cells required. An ideal cell for universal application in cell replacement therapy would possess several key properties: it would be highly proliferative, allowing the ex vivo production of large numbers of cells from minimal donor material; it would also remain immature and phenotypically plastic such that it could differentiate into appropriate neural and glial cell types on, or prior to, transplantation. Critically, both proliferation and differentiation would be controllable. This review considers some of the evidence that stem cells exist in the central nervous system and that they may possess characteristics that make them ideal for broad application in cell replacement therapy.

A microfluidic platform enables comprehensive gene expression profiling of mouse retinal stem cells

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shana O Kelley ◽  
Mahmoud Labib ◽  
Brenda Coles ◽  
Mahla Poudineh ◽  
Brendan Innes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Gene Expression Profiling ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Retinal Degeneration ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Cell Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cell Replacement

Loss of photoreceptors due to retinal degeneration is a major cause of untreatable visual impairment and blindness. Cell replacement therapy, using retinal stem cell (RSC)-derived photoreceptors, holds promise for reconstituting...

scholarly journals The hematopoietic stem cells of alpha-thalassemic mice

Blood ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Barker ◽  
E McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Normal Donor ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Cell Replacement Therapy ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Cell Replacement ◽  
Marrow Cells

Abstract The alpha-thalassemic mouse has a hereditary microcytic anemia, almost certainly has a shortened RBC life span, and is a potential candidate for cell replacement therapy. In a routine study of bone marrow repopulating capacity using hemoglobin as a cell marker, normal donor marrow cells, but not alpha-thalassemic donor marrow cells, completely replaced the host cells. Further analysis showed that at least 30 times more alpha-thalassemic cells were required to outcompete normal donor cells injected simultaneously. The results were more extreme then expected and suggested a defect in a stem cell population as well as in the RBCs. Evidence that the multipotent and erythroid-committed stem cells in alpha-thalassemic mice are not decreased was shown by CFU-S and CFU-E assays. The combined results indicate that the deletion expresses itself most conspicuously in the RBC population. Tests were also performed to analyze repopulation kinetics in the Hbath-J/+ mice. In unirradiated alpha-thalassemic hosts, the hemoglobin from a normal donor persisted but did not replace the host hemoglobin. Sublethally irradiated alpha-thalassemic hosts, on the other hand, were easily repopulated with normal cells. We conclude that the alpha-thalassemic mouse is a good model for cell replacement therapy.

scholarly journals Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Reprogramming Platforms and Applications in Cell Replacement Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Akram Al Abbar ◽  
Siew Ching Ngai ◽  
Nadine Nograles ◽  
Suleiman Yusuf Alhaji ◽  
Syahril Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cell Replacement ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stem cells and their use as cell replacement therapy and disease modelling tool

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (6b) ◽  
pp. 2552-2565 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. García-Castro ◽  
C. Trigueros ◽  
J. Madrenas ◽  
J. A. Pérez-Simón ◽  
R. Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Disease Modelling ◽  
Cell Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cell Replacement
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