Cardiovascular risk factors and endothelial dysfunction

2004 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony S. WIERZBICKI ◽  
Philip J. CHOWIENCZYK ◽  
John R. COCKCROFT ◽  
Sally E. BRETT ◽  
Gerald F. WATTS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Multiple Risk Factor

Endothelial dysfunction is a feature of atherosclerosis and is associated with CHD (coronary heart disease) risk factors. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the degree of endothelial dysfunction and calculated cardiovascular risk. Endothelial function, as determined by the ACh/NP (acetycholine/sodium nitroprusside response) ratio on brachial plethysmography, was compared with cardiovascular risk as calculated from the Framingham, PROCAM (Prospective Cardiovascular Munster) and MRFIT (Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial) algorithms in 246 (187 male) patients, including 44 (22%) with established CHD. Endothelial dysfunction correlated with the total number of risk factors (r2=0.22; P=0.002) and was related to LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol in men and triacylglycerols (triglycerides) in women. The ACh/NP ratio correlated with the occurrence of diabetes, CHD and the LDL-cholesterol concentration (r2=0.58; P<0.001). Endothelial dysfunction was associated with presence of CHD on receiver-operating characteristic plot analysis (area=0.706±0.04; P=0.001). There was no correlation between ACh/NP ratio and CHD risk calculated with the Framingham algorithm in men, although both ACh and NP response correlated separately with risk in women. The endothelial ACh/NP ratio correlated with absolute risk in the PROCAM algorithm (r2=0.41; P<0.005). Intermediate results were obtained with MRFIT. Individual risk factors make different contributions to endothelial dysfunction compared with their role in risk calculators. The stronger relationship of endothelial dysfunction with PROCAM risk reflects the contribution of male sex, LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerols to risk calculated by this algorithm.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: How Relevant in African Men With Prostate Cancer Receiving Androgen-Deprivation Therapy?

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Okon Ekwere Essien ◽  
Iya Eze Bassey ◽  
Rebecca Mtaku Gali ◽  
Alphonsus Ekpe Udoh ◽  
Uwem Okon Akpan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Purpose Cardiovascular disease risk factors have been associated with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in white and Hispanic populations. It is therefore relevant to determine if there exists a relationship between these parameters in the African population. Patients and Methods The design of the study was cross sectional. Prostate-specific antigen concentration, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, glucose level, and insulin level were determined in 153 patients with prostate cancer and 80 controls. The patients with prostate cancer were divided into subgroups of treatment-naïve patients and those receiving ADT. Results Mean total cholesterol ( P = .010), LDL cholesterol ( P = .021), BMI ( P = .001), and waist circumference ( P = .029) values were significantly higher in patients treated with ADT when compared with treatment-naïve patients. In patients treated with ADT for up to 1 year, only mean BMI was significantly higher than in treatment-naïve patients, whereas those treated with ADT for more than 1 year had significantly higher mean BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol values when compared with treatment-naïve patients. There were no significant differences in insulin or glucose levels. Those undergoing hormone manipulation after orchiectomy had fewer cardiovascular risk factors compared with those undergoing hormone manipulation alone. Conclusion This study shows that ADT results in elevated total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, BMI, and waist circumference values, all of which are risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Screening for cardiovascular risk factors should be included in treatment plans for patients with prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Case Control Study in Nepalese Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra KC ◽  
Saroj Khatiwada ◽  
Kishun Deo Mehta ◽  
Pratikshya Pandey ◽  
Madhab Lamsal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients ◽  
Control Study

Objectives. To assess cardiovascular risk factors in Nepalese population with subclinical hypothyroidism as compared to age and sex matched controls.Materials and Methods. A case control study was conducted among 200 subjects (100 subclinical hypothyroid and 100 euthyroid) at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. Demographic and anthropometric variables including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were taken. Blood samples were assayed for serum free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP).Results. Subclinical hypothyroid patients had significantly higher diastolic BP, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and hs-CRP than controls. The odds ratio of having hypercholesterolemia (>200 mg/dL), low HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dL), undesirable LDL-cholesterol (>100 mg/dL), high hs-CRP (>1 mg/L), and high diastolic BP (>80 mmHg) and being overweight (BMI ≥ 23 Kg/m2) in subclinical hypothyroidism was 2.29 (95% CI; 1.2–4.38,p=0.011), 1.73 (95% CI; 0.82–3.62,p=0.141), 3.04 (95% CI; 1.66–5.56,p<0.001), 2.02 (95% CI; 1.12–3.64,p=0.018), 3.35 (95% CI; 1.72–6.55,p<0.001), and 0.9 (95% CI; 0.48–1.67,p=0.753), respectively, as compared to controls.Conclusion. Subclinical hypothyroid patients are associated with higher risk for cardiovascular disease than euthyroid subjects.

Inverse Relationship in Jamaica between Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration and Coronary-Disease Risk as Predicted by Multiple Risk-Factor Status

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Miller ◽  
N. E. Miller ◽  
M. T. Ashcroft
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Multiple Risk Factor ◽  
Coronary Risk ◽  
Plasma High Density ◽  
Risk Factor Status

1. The relation between plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration and multiple coronary-risk factor status has been assessed in fifty-two middle-aged clinically healthy men from urban and rural Jamaica. 2. Rural hill-farmers had a superior exercise performance (assessed by the responses to submaximal test exercise), less body fat, and lower fasting levels for plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total triglyceride and blood glucose than urban businessmen. Mean plasma HDL cholesterol was considerably higher in farmers then businessmen. 3. Multilinear regression analysis showed HDL cholesterol concentration to be independently and inversely correlated with plasma triglyceride, LDL cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure and that these relationships applied across the urban and rural sub-groups. There was also some evidence that HDL cholesterol concentration increased with stature. When these factors were taken into account, age, ethnic group, adiposity, weight, exercise performance, smoking history and blood glucose made no further significant contribution to the prediction of HDL cholesterol concentration. 4. Thus plasma HDL cholesterol concentration was highest in those subjects with the lowest coronary-risk as predicted by their multiple risk-factor status, an observation which supported other evidence that coronary-risk is inversely related to plasma HDL concentration. 5. The results raise the possibility that coronary-risk can be more simply estimated from the plasma HDL cholesterol concentration than from a consideration of other major lipid risk factors and blood pressure.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular diseases risk factors among recently arrived Eritrean refugees in Switzerland

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afona Chernet ◽  
Nicole Probst-Hensch ◽  
Véronique Sydow ◽  
Daniel H. Paris ◽  
Andreas Neumayr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Profile ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past

Abstract Objective For the past 10 years, refugees from Eritrea represented the majority of asylum seekers in Switzerland. However, data on their health status remains limited. In this cross-sectional survey followed by a 1-year cohort study, we screened newly arrived Eritrean refugees for cardiovascular risk factors at arrival and 1-year post registration. Results Among 107 participants (88.8% male; median age 25, 9 (9%) had a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2, one (1%) had elevated blood pressure, one (1%) had diabetes, 19% smoked and two (2%) had a low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol ≥ 4.1 mmol/l. Among the 48 participants (5 females, 43 males) followed, there were no significant changes in cardiovascular risk profile 1 year post-arrival.

scholarly journals Patterns of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Old Age and Survival and Health Status at 90

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 2207-2214
Author(s):  
Michelle C Odden ◽  
Andreea M Rawlings ◽  
Alice M Arnold ◽  
Mary Cushman ◽  
Mary L Biggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lower Likelihood

Abstract Background The population age 90 years and older is the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population. Only recently is it possible to study the factors that portend survival to this age. Methods Among participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study, we studied the association of repeated measures of cardiovascular risk factors measured over 15–23 years of follow-up and not only survival to 90 years of age, but also healthy aging outcomes among the population who reached age 90. We included participants aged 67–75 years at baseline (n = 3,613/5,888) to control for birth cohort effects, and followed participants until death or age 90 (median follow-up = 14.7 years). Results Higher systolic blood pressure was associated with a lower likelihood of survival to age 90, although this association was attenuated at older ages (p-value for interaction &lt;.001) and crossed the null for measurements taken in participants’ 80’s. Higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and body mass index (BMI) were associated with greater longevity. Among the survivors to age 90, those with worse cardiovascular profile (high blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, glucose, and BMI; low HDL cholesterol) had lower likelihood of remaining free of cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and disability. Conclusion In summary, we observed paradoxical associations between some cardiovascular risk factors and survival to old age; whereas, among those who survive to very old age, these risk factors were associated with higher risk of adverse health outcomes.

Effect of Intradialytic Exercise on Physical Performance and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Pilot and Feasibility Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Jiao Cheng ◽  
Xin-Ju Zhao ◽  
Wen Zeng ◽  
Ming-Cheng Xu ◽  
Ying-Chun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Intradialytic Exercise

Introduction: Although intradialytic exercise is considered a form of “nonpharmacological medicine” for patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), this practice has not been widely implemented in most dialysis centers because of clinical limitations. We, therefore, aimed to design an intradialytic exercise training program to improve the implementation of this practice and determine its impact on physical performance and cardiovascular risk factors in patients receiving MHD. Methods: A total of 132 MHD patients at 4 outpatient dialysis units were enrolled and assigned randomly into exercise (n = 67) and control groups (n = 65). During a 2-year period, patients in the exercise group participated in 20-min exercise training sessions within dialysis sessions on 3 days per week. All patients underwent assessments of physical function (6-min walk test) and cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure [BP], total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], albumin [Alb], hemoglobin [Hb], and erythropoietin [EPO] dose) at the baseline and annually thereafter. Results: Of the participants, 50.8% had completed the study after 2 years. No statistically significant intragroup or intergroup differences were observed in the measures of 6MD, BP, TC, hsCRP, Alb, Hb, and EPO dose. Conclusion: The results suggest that although this low-intensity, nonprogressive intradialytic exercise program may be practical, it was not sufficient to improve physiological function and reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients receiving MHD.

scholarly journals ABO Blood Group System and the Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors between Men and Women with Cardiovascular Diseases—A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Rachana Katna ◽  
Ch Srinivasa Rao ◽  
Aswin Kumar M. ◽  
Farheen Fatima ◽  
Madhuri Taranikanti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Abo Blood Group ◽  
Abo Blood Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives The present study was designed to explore the relation between ABO blood group and cardiovascular risk factors in the patients attending tertiary care hospital in South India. Materials and Methods One hundred nine patients, each male and female with different cardiovascular diseases, were included in the study and their ABO blood groups were analyzed with the cardiovascular risk factors. A detailed history was taken from all the patients regarding cardiovascular risk factors like high blood pressure, diabetes, and lipidemic. Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and serum triglycerides were determined for assessing lipidemia. Blood grouping was done using standard tube technique. Red cell and serum grouping was performed and results documented. Association between ABO blood groups and cardiovascular risk factors was done using chi-square test and Spearman’s correlation. Results The distribution of ABO blood groups shows that blood group O (41.28%) was more common in patients followed by group B (29.36%), group A (19.27%), and group AB (10.09%). One-hundred six cases (97.2%) were Rh D positive. A statistically significant difference was observed between gender and total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and BMI with p value <0.05. In the study population, distribution of major cardiovascular risk factors, especially diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia, with ABO blood groups shows that there was no significant difference observed between blood groups and these cardiovascular risk factors. However, statistical significance was there between blood group O and hypertension (p = 0.03). Conclusion There was no significant difference between the blood groups and the major cardiovascular risk factors were diabetes and lipids, but there was an association between blood group O and hypertension.

scholarly journals Body fat location and cardiovascular disease risk factors in overweight female adolescents and eutrophic female adolescents with a high percentage of body fat

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia F. Pereira ◽  
Hiara M. S. Serrano ◽  
Gisele Q. Carvalho ◽  
Joel A. Lamounier ◽  
Maria do Carmo G. Peluzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat

AbstractBackground:Excessive body fat, mainly abdominal fat, is associated with higher cardiovascular risk. However, a fat localisation measurement that would be more indicative of risk in adolescents has not yet been established.Objective:This study was conducted in order to evaluate the correlation between body fat location measurements and cardiovascular disease risk factors in female adolescents.Materials and methods:A total of 113 girls – 38 eutrophic according to their body mass index but with a high percentage of body fat, 40 eutrophic with adequate body fat, and 35 with excessive weight – were evaluated using 15 anthropometrical measurements and 10 cardiovascular risk factors.Results:The central skinfold was the best measurement for predicting variables such as glycaemia and high-density lipoprotein; waist circumference for insulin and homeostasis model assessment; coronal diameter for total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein; sagittal abdominal diameter for triglycerides and leptin; hip circumference for blood pressure; and the central/peripheral skinfold ratio for homocysteine. The correlation between the measurements and the number of risk factors showed that waist circumference and the waist/stature ratio produced the best results.Conclusions:The results suggest that the body fat distribution in adolescents is relevant in the development of cardiovascular risk factors. Simple measurements such as waist circumference and the waist/stature ratio were the best predictors of a risk of disease and they should therefore be associated with the body mass index in clinical practice in order to identify those adolescents at higher risk.

scholarly journals Determinants of cardiovascular risk in 2589 hypopituitary GH-deficient adults – a KIMS database analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Abs ◽  
Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen ◽  
Anders F Mattsson ◽  
John P Monson ◽  
Bengt-Åke Bengtsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Gh Replacement ◽  
Number Of Patients

Objective: The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between GH deficiency (GHD) and some cardiovascular risk factors and to analyse the effect of GH replacement therapy in a large number of patients over a prolonged period of time. Design: Data for analysis were retrieved from KIMS (Pfizer International Metabolic Database). Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and triglycerides were obtained from 2589 patients at baseline and from 1206 patients after 1 and 2 years of GH replacement therapy. Body mass index (BMI), waist and hip, resting blood pressure and body composition were also measured. Results: At baseline, the unfavourable effects of GHD were most obvious in the lipid profile demonstrating elevated mean total and LDL-cholesterol, in the increased waist circumference and the elevated BMI. The cholesterol concentration, BMI and body composition were significantly adversely affected by a number of factors, including age, sex and the use of anti-epileptic drugs. The therapeutic effect of GH was essentially uniform across the whole population. GH replacement reduced significantly the mean total and LDL-cholesterol, the waist circumference and the fat mass and was maintained during 2 years. Conclusions: This analysis of a large number of patients confirmed that GHD adults present with an increased cardiovascular risk. The sustained improvement of the adverse lipid profile and body composition suggests that GH replacement therapy may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and the premature mortality seen in hypopituitary patients with untreated GHD.

scholarly journals Association between Dietary Carbohydrate Intake and Cardiovascular Risk Factors According to Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Korean Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-193
Author(s):  
SuJin Song ◽  
Yun Jung Lee ◽  
YoonJu Song
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Background: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease, resulting in the promotion of low-fat diets that emphasize the need to lower LDL cholesterol levels. We investigated the relationship between dietary carbohydrate intake and cardiovascular risk factors according to LDL cholesterol levels in Korean adults who typically consumed high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets.Methods: A total of 25,925 Korean adults were selected from the 2007-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Dietary carbohydrate intake was grouped into quintiles and cardiovascular risk factors included obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine association between carbohydrate intake and cardiovascular risk factors by sex and LDL cholesterol levels.Results: Subjects with LDL cholesterol ≥130 mg/dL had significantly less energy and fat intake than those with LDL cholesterol <130 mg/dL both in men and women. In men, a higher carbohydrate intake was related to increased prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol regardless of LDL cholesterol levels. Meanwhile, dietary carbohydrate intake was positively associated with low HDL cholesterol but inversely associated with hypercholesterolemia only in women with LDL cholesterol <130 mg/dL.Conclusions: High carbohydrate intake in Korean adults is associated with low HDL cholesterol or atherogenic dyslipidemia regardless of LDL cholesterol levels. Carbohydrate intake should be carefully recommended according to the lipid profiles of individuals for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease.

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