Time course of changes in serum glucose, insulin, lipids and tissue lipase activities in macrosomic offspring of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

1999 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. MERZOUK ◽  
S. MADANI ◽  
D. CHABANE SARI ◽  
J. PROST ◽  
M. BOUCHENAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Hepatic Lipase ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Metabolic Complications

The aim of this investigation was to determine the time course of changes in serum glucose, insulin and lipid levels, as well as lipid and protein content and lipolytic activities in insulin target organs (liver, adipose tissue and muscle), in macrosomic offspring of streptozotocin-induced mildly hyperglycaemic rats. Food intake and nutritional efficiency were also evaluated. Mild hyperglycaemia in pregnant rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg body weight) on day 5 of gestation. Control pregnant rats were injected with citrate buffer. At birth, macrosomic pups (birth weight > 1.7 S.D. greater than the mean value for the control pups) had higher serum insulin, glucose and lipid levels than control pups. These macrosomic rats maintained accelerated postnatal growth combined with high adipose tissue weight up to 12 weeks of age. These rats were not hyperphagic; however, they had higher food efficiency and fat storage capacity with higher adipocyte lipoprotein lipase activity, which contributed to persisting obesity. Hepatic lipase activity was increased in macrosomic rats at all ages. Moreover, macrosomia was associated with metabolic disturbances that varied according to age and sex. After 1 month, several alterations observed at birth had disappeared. Serum glucose, insulin and lipid levels in male and female macrosomic rats became similar to those of their respective controls. At 2 months of age, hepatic and serum triacylglycerol levels were higher in macrosomic females than in controls. By 3 months, macrosomic rats (both males and females) had developed insulin resistance with hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia, and higher serum and hepatic lipids. In conclusion, macrosomia was associated with alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism through to adulthood. It should be considered as an important potential risk factor for obesity and its metabolic complications.

Effects of cortisol and progesterone on insulin binding and lipogenesis in adipocytes from normal and diabetic rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-M. Mendes ◽  
R. J. Madon ◽  
D. J. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Binding ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Receptor Concentration

ABSTRACT Cortisol implants in normal and diabetic rats reduced body weight, adiposity, insulin receptor concentration and both basal and insulin-stimulated rates of lipogenesis in isolated adipocytes, whilst insulin sensitivity was unchanged. In normal but not diabetic rats these changes were accompanied by increased serum glucose and insulin concentrations. In contrast, progesterone implants in normal and diabetic rats increased body weight gain, adiposity, insulin receptor concentration and both basal and insulin-stimulated rates of lipogenesis in adipose tissue, again without affecting insulin sensitivity. Progesterone did not affect serum insulin concentrations in normal or diabetic rats but accelerated the decline in serum glucose concentrations which occurred during an overnight fast in diabetic rats. The results suggest that (1) cortisol inhibits lipogenesis in adipose tissue without affecting insulin sensitivity, (2) cortisol reduces insulin binding in adipose tissue without a requirement for hyperinsulinaemia, which might itself indirectly lead to down-regulation of the insulin receptor, and (3) in diabetic rats progesterone stimulates lipogenesis in adipose tissue without any increase in food intake or serum insulin concentrations suggesting that progesterone may have a direct anabolic role in adipose tissue. J. Endocr. (1985) 106, 225–231

scholarly journals Clearing-factor lipase in adipose tissue. Studies with puromycin and actinomycin

1968 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Wing ◽  
D S Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Time Course

1. When adipose tissue from starved rats is incubated in a medium containing glucose, insulin, heparin and actinomycin (5μg./ml.) the total clearing-factor lipase activity of the system increases at least tenfold over a period of 9hr. In the absence of actinomycin, enzyme activity also increases, but to a lesser extent and for only about 3hr. Some enzyme activity appears in the incubation medium in both the presence and the absence of actinomycin. 2. When the glucose and insulin of the incubation medium are replaced by pyruvate and heparin is omitted, an increase in the total clearing-factor lipase activity in the presence of actinomycin still occurs, but only after a lag of several hours. When only heparin is omitted from the medium, the rise in enzyme activity begins immediately, but there is a shoulder in the time-course curve after a few hours. In the absence of heparin, little enzyme activity appears in the incubation medium. 3. The increases in enzyme activity in the presence of actinomycin are prevented if puromycin (0·5mg./ml.) is present in the incubation medium. 4. Catecholamines and corticotrophin inhibit the increase in enzyme activity caused by actinomycin. 5. The clearing-factor lipase activity of adipose tissue from fed animals declines with a half-life of between 1 and 1·5hr. when the tissue is incubated in the presence of puromycin. The clearing-factor lipase activity of adipose tissue from starved animals is stable under similar circumstances, as is the raised activity found after such tissue has been incubated in the presence of actinomycin. 6. Clearing-factor lipase extracted from adipose tissue of fed animals is less stable in solution than that extracted from the tissue of starved animals after this has been incubated in the presence of actinomycin.

Modulation of lipid metabolism by n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in gestational diabetic rats and their macrosomic offspring

2005 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nassima A. Soulimane-Mokhtari ◽  
Baya Guermouche ◽  
Akadiri Yessoufou ◽  
Myrieum Saker ◽  
Kebirou Moutairou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

The time course of changes in lipid metabolism by dietary n−3 PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats during pregnancy (days 12 and 21) and their macrosomic offspring at birth (day 0) and through adulthood (days 60 and 90) was studied with respect to adipose tissue, liver and serum lipid concentrations, and fatty acid composition. Glucose and insulin levels were also assessed in order to characterize the diabetic state of macrosomic offspring. Pregnant diabetic and control rats were fed either an Isio-4 or EPAX diet (enriched with n−3 PUFA). The same diets were also consumed by pups at weaning. Compared with control rats, during pregnancy diabetic rats had a significant elevation in liver and serum triacylglycerol (triglyceride) and cholesterol concentrations. At birth, macrosomic pups had higher serum insulin and glucose levels than control pups. The macrosomic rats maintained accelerated postnatal growth combined with high adipose tissue weight and lipid content through the first 12 weeks of age. The macrosomic pups from diabetic rats fed the Isio-4 diet also showed a significant enhancement in liver and serum triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels at birth and during adulthood. Feeding the EPAX diet to diabetic mothers as well as their macrosomic pups increased serum and liver levels of EPA (eicospentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) with a reduction in arachidonic acid. The EPAX diet induced a significant decrease in liver and serum triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations in mothers during pregnancy and in their macrosomic pups during adulthood. Since the EPAX diet improves lipid anomalies considerably in diabetic mothers and their macrosomic offspring, it may prevent long-term metabolic abnormalities associated with macrosomia.

Uterine and adipose lipoprotein lipase activity in hormone-treated and pregnant rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (2) ◽  
pp. E132-E137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Gray ◽  
M. R. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase Activity ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Retroperitoneal Adipose Tissue ◽  
First Time ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy

We report for the first time the presence of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in the uteri of adult rats. This uterine LPL activity was significantly elevated by administration of the estrogen, estradiol benzoate (EB), but not by treatment with the antiestrogen, nafoxidine. Both EB and nafoxidine, however, greatly reduce both parametrial and retroperitoneal adipose tissue LPL activities. Uterine LPL activity also changed as a function of the duration of pregnancy, increasing severalfold between days 14 and 18 and then decreasing by about 20% on day 21. These data suggest the existence of a hormone-dependent system of providing lipids for storage and/or utilization by metabolic and reproductive tissues as needed.

Time course of changes in serum oxidant/antioxidant status in overfed obese rats and their offspring

2009 ◽  
Vol 116 (8) ◽  
pp. 669-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Bouanane ◽  
Nassira B. Benkalfat ◽  
Fatima-Zohra Baba Ahmed ◽  
Hafida Merzouk ◽  
Nassima S. Mokhtari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Carbonyl Protein

The aim of the present study was to determine the time course of changes in oxidant/antioxidant status, as well as serum glucose, insulin, leptin and lipid levels, liver adipose tissue and muscle lipid and protein contents, in cafeteria-diet-fed dams during gestation and lactation, and in their offspring throughout adulthood. Food intake was also evaluated. The cafeteria diet induced a significant increase in maternal body and relative adipose tissue weights, daily energy intake, and plasma glucose, insulin, leptin and lipid levels at parturition (day 0) and at the end of lactation (day 21). Plasma total antioxidant status [ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity)], erythrocyte catalase and SOD (superoxide dismutase) activities were lower, whereas plasma hydroperoxide and carbonyl protein levels were higher in cafeteria-diet-fed mothers compared with control mothers at days 0 and 21. Pups from cafeteria-diet-fed dams, both males and females, also had consistently higher body and relative adipose tissue weights, and plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, triacylglycerol (triglyceride) and cholesterol levels at birth (day 0), weaning (day 21) and 3 months of age (day 90). These offspring had significantly lower ORAC and catalase activity, and higher plasma hydroperoxide and carbonyl protein levels and SOD activity at birth, at days 21 and 90 compared with control offspring. In conclusion, excessive maternal fat and energy intake can play an important role in the development of metabolic disorders in the offspring. Maternal oxidative stress may be among the responsible factors. Fetal oxidative stress may present an additional confounding influence and probably contributes to additional disorders, aggravating features of the metabolic syndrome. An improvement in maternal oxidant/antioxidant status during pregnancy and lactation, with adequate nutrition, could have beneficial effects on the progeny.

scholarly journals Post-translational regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue

1978 ◽  
Vol 176 (3) ◽  
pp. 865-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Ashby ◽  
D P Bennett ◽  
I M Spencer ◽  
D S Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Translational Regulation ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase Activity ◽  
Dependent Part ◽  
Adipose Tissue Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Energy Dependent

Changes in adipose-tissue lipoprotein lipase activity that are independent of protein synthesis were investigated in an incubation system in vitro. Under appropriate conditions at 25 degrees C a progressive increase in the enzyme activity occurs that is energy-dependent. Part of the enzyme is rapidly inactivated when the tissue is incubated with adrenaline or adrenaline plus theophylline. The mechanism of this inactivation appears to be distinct from, and to follow, the activation of the enzyme. A hypothesis is presented to account for the results in terms of an activation of the enzyme during obligatory post-translational processing and a catecholamine-regulated inactivation of the enzyme as an alternative to secretion from the adipocyte.

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