Blood Pressure Parameters as Determinants of Small Artery Structure in Human Essential Hypertension

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Cooper ◽  
Anthony M. Heagerty
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Structural Parameter ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Small Artery ◽  
Small Arteries ◽  
Blood Pressures

1. Adaptive changes in small arteries may be more closely correlated with pulse pressure than with systolic, diastolic or mean blood pressures in human essential hypertension. 2. An analysis was performed on the structure of small arteries, age and blood pressure measurements obtained from 56 patients with untreated essential hypertension and 56 matched normotensive volunteers to examine the association between age, blood pressure and small artery structural parameters. 3. Essential hypertension was associated with an increase in media thickness and a decrease in lumen diameter, resulting in an increase in media/lumen ratio. 4. There was a significant correlation between age and media/lumen ratio in normotensive volunteers but not in patients with essential hypertension. 5. There was no correlation between any blood pressure and structural parameter in normotensive volunteers. 6. Both diastolic and mean blood pressures in essential hypertension correlated with media/lumen ratio (P < 0.01); systolic blood pressure correlated less well (P < 0.02). However, pulse pressure did not correlate with media/lumen ratio, suggesting that it is not a significant determinant of small artery structure in untreated essential hypertension.

Assessment of the Antihypertensive Effect of Atenolol with 24 H Ambulatory Monitoring of Blood Pressure

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 387s-389s ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Floras ◽  
P. Fox ◽  
M. O. Hassan ◽  
J. V. Jones ◽  
P. Sleight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Ambulatory Monitoring ◽  
Single Daily Dose ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Pressure Study ◽  
Daily Dose

1. Twenty-four hour intra-arterial blood pressure measurements and electrocardiograms were obtained from 12 subjects with untreated essential hypertension. 2. The patients kept records of their activity, paying particular attention to times of retiring to bed, and times of waking in the morning. 3. All subjects were treated with a single daily dose of atenolol (50 to 200 mg) for between 2 and 9 months, and then underwent a second 24 h blood pressure study. 4. Arterial blood pressure was lowered significantly throughout the 24 h period with a single daily dose of atenolol.

Abstract WMP57: Declining Blood Pressure is Associated with Subcortical Microinfarcts in Older Adults

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekala R Raman ◽  
Jonathan Graff-Radford ◽  
Scott A Przybelski ◽  
Timothy G Lesnick ◽  
Michelle M Mielke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Pressures

Hypertension is highly prevalent in the elderly population and microinfarcts are the most common vascular brain pathology identified in older adults at autopsy. We investigated the associations between systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured antemortem and the presence of microinfarcts at autopsy. Study subjects (n=302; age range=71-95) were participants in the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging autopsy study, who had blood pressure measurements recorded during life. We investigated both cross-sectional systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements at the baseline visit and the change in blood pressure (slope). Presence and location (subcortical or cortical) of chronic microinfarcts was abstracted from the autopsy reports. Of the 302 study subjects, 47 (16%) had cerebral microinfarcts, and, of those, 18 (38%) had subcortical microinfarcts and 29 (62%) had only cortical microinfarcts. The baseline blood pressures were not different between subjects with no microinfarcts, subcortical microinfarcts, and only cortical microinfarcts. In a logistic regression model including time between last blood pressure measurement and death, a greater decline in systolic [OR= 1.06 (1.01, 1.11); p=0.02]) and greater decline in diastolic [OR= 1.11 (1.02, 1.20); p=0.01] blood pressures were predictors of the presence of subcortical microinfarcts at autopsy. However, these variables were not associated with the presence of cortical microinfarcts. In conclusion, microinfarcts are common in the older adult population, and most of them are located in the cortex. A greater decline in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures and their association with subcortical microinfarcts, but not with cortical microinfarcts, may have implications for aggressive lowering of blood pressure in the elderly population.

Evaluating the Situational Specificity of Relaxation in Mild Essential Hypertension

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-674
Author(s):  
John E. Martin ◽  
Leonard H. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Progressive Relaxation ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Situational Specificity ◽  
Blood Pressures

A multiple baseline across subject/settings design was employed to assess the specificity of the effects of progressive relaxation in two recently diagnosed, mild hypertensives. Relaxation was implemented successively across laboratory and home settings. In Subject 1, laboratory relaxation was associated with control over diastolic blood pressure, while in Subject 2, control over systolic pressure was observed. Improvements to normotensive levels were observed for both subjects, and the changes were maintained in both settings for Subject 2 at 6- and 12-mo. follow-up. Subject 1 discontinued her medications, relaxation, and self-monitoring of blood pressure, which was associated with an increase in blood pressure during treatment maintenance; however, at 6- and 12-mo. follow-up, both home and laboratory blood pressures were within normotensive range.

Irbesartan Substitution for Valsartan or Losartan in Treating Hypertension

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1840-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maqual R Graham ◽  
Nicole M Allcock
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Goal Blood Pressure ◽  
P Values ◽  
Assessment Visit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Medical Histories

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether subjects whose therapy was converted from losartan or valsartan to irbesartan maintained equivalent blood pressure measurements, determine the safety and tolerability of irbesartan in the veteran population, and assess the number of subjects attaining their goal blood pressure before and after conversion. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records for subjects whose antihypertensive was converted to irbesartan was conducted. Demographic data were collected, and subjects' past medical histories were used to determine their goal blood pressure. Blood pressures were compared at baseline, 2 weeks, and 2 months after conversion to determine efficacy, and adverse effect occurrence was compared between visits to assess safety. RESULTS: Conversion was attempted in 79 subjects; 72 met the criteria for review. Mean baseline, 2-week, and 2-month blood pressures for all subjects were 143/74, 139/72, and 139/73 mm Hg, respectively (p values NS). The number of subjects achieving their goal blood pressure at each assessment visit was similar: 37.5% at baseline, 43.4% at 2 weeks, and 31.9% at 2 months. Thirteen of the 72 subjects discontinued irbesartan due to adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Irbesartan is an appropriate substitution for valsartan or losartan.

scholarly journals Ankle Blood Pressure and Pulse Pressure as Predictors of Cerebrovascular Morbidity and Mortality in a Prospective Follow-Up Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki J. Hietanen ◽  
Rauni Pääkkönen ◽  
Veikko Salomaa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Abnormal Finding ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Exercise Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Age And Sex

Background and Objective. We examined the association of elevated ankle blood pressure (ABP), together with exercise blood pressure, with incident cerebrovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in a prospective follow-up study of 3,808 patients. The results were compared with pulse pressure, another indicator of arterial stiffness.Methods. Patients with normal ankle and exercise brachial blood pressures were taken as the reference group. Pulse pressure was considered as quartiles with the lowest quartile as the reference category.Results. A total of 170 subjects had a CV event during the follow-up. Multivariate adjusted hazard ratio of a CV event was 2.24 (95% CI 1.43–3.52, ) in patients with abnormal ABP. The pulse pressure was significant only in the model adjusted for age and sex.Conclusion. The risk of a future CV event was elevated already in those patients among whom elevated ABP was the only abnormal finding. As a risk marker, ABP is superior to the pulse pressure.

Abstract 2469: Circadian Blood Pressure Variation and Left Atrium Size in the Early Stages of Essential Hypertension: The Role of Pulse Pressure and Nocturnal Blood Pressure Fall

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Efstathios Taxiarchou ◽  
Costas Tsioufis ◽  
Dimitris Tsiachris ◽  
Dimitris Syrseloudis ◽  
Ioannis Giatrakos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Nocturnal Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Fall ◽  
Echocardiographic Study

Introduction: Left atrial (LA) enlargement is a common finding in hypertensive patients and might be an index for future adverse cardiovascular events. Similarly, increased pulse pressure (PP) as well as absence of nocturnal blood pressure (BP) fall is associated with unfavourable outcome in this setting. Hypothesis: Ambulatory BP parameters may be correlated with LA size in essential hypertension. Methods: 332 consecutive, newly diagnosed subjects (aged 52±10 years), with untreated stage I–II essential hypertension [office BP =152/98 mmHg] were classified according to their nocturnal BP fall on 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring to non-dippers (those with<10% nocturnal systolic and diastolic BP fall, n=194) and dippers (the remaining subjects, n=138). All subjects underwent complete echocardiographic study and LA volume was indexed for body surface area to estimate LA volume index (LAVI). Results: Non-dippers compared to dippers did not differ regarding age, sex, office BP and biochemical profile (p=NS for all cases). However, non-dippers compared to dippers had significantly increased 24-h systolic BP (138±14 vs 135±11 mmHg, p<0.05), 24-h pulse pressure (PP) (53±9 vs 51±8 mmHg, p<0.05) and night PP (53±10 vs 47±8 mmHg, p<0.001) as well as left ventricular mass index (108±28 vs 101±26 gr/m 2 , p<0.05) and relative wall thickness (0.44±0.07 vs 0.42±0.07, p<0.05), while they did not differ regarding LA diameter (3.95±0.39 vs 3.86±0.39 cm, p=NS) and LAVI (24.1±6.3 vs 23.5±6.1 ml/m 2 , p=NS). In the entire population LA diameter and LAVI exhibited positive relationships with 24-h PP (r=0.153, p=0.005 and r=0.251, p<0.001, respectively), day PP (r=0.150, p<0.01 and r=0.256, p<0.001, respectively) and night PP (r=0.148, p<0.01 and r=0.234, p<0.001, respectively). Multiple regression analysis models revealed that among components of ambulatory BP, only 24-h day PP was an independent predictor of LAVI (β=0.256, p<0.001). Conclusions: Ambulatory PP and particularly day PP but not circadian BP variation seems to determine the LA enlargement in hypertensive patients. Whether the abovementioned association contributes to the high cardiovascular risk observed in patients with wider day PP remains to be determined in future studies.

THE FLUSH METHOD FOR DETERMINING BLOOD PRESSURES IN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 950-957
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Moss ◽  
Wilbert Liebling ◽  
Forrest H. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean

Observations were made on 551 Caucasian infants from 1 day to 1 year of age. All subjects had normal cardiovascular status and were free from acute or chronic infections. A total of 1,712 measurements of blood pressure were obtained by the flush technique. It is known that measurements made using the flush technique approximate the mean rather than the systolic blood pressure. The values obtained were analyzed in relation to sex, age and body weight. No correlation is found between sex and blood pressure or between body weight within a given monthly age category and blood pressure. Measurements of blood pressure show a pronounced and highly significance rise following the first week of life. During the first 9 months of life the readings are somewhat higher at the wrist than at the ankle. Thereafter, the converse is true. The significance of these findings is discussed. Arithmetic means and the range of normal blood pressure are presented. Exclusive of the first week of life, the range of normal blood pressure during the first year is from 51 to 93 mm Hg for the upper extremity and from 44 to 92 mm Hg for the lower extremity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document