Metabolic Acidosis Does Not Contribute to Chronic Renal Injury in the Rat

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Throssell ◽  
J. Brown ◽  
K. P. G. Harris ◽  
J. Walls
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Normal Kidney ◽  
Renal Growth ◽  
Remnant Kidney

1. Metabolic acidosis invariably accompanies chronic renal failure, and short periods of metabolic acidosis cause renal growth and proteinuria in normal rats. Rates of ammoniagenesis are increased in chronic renal failure, and it has been suggested that this contributes to disease progression. This study assessed (i) whether prolonged acidosis causes chronic renal injury in the normal kidney and (ii) whether abrogation of acidosis slows disease progression in the remnant kidney. 2. Metabolic acidosis was induced in normal rats by dietary hydrochloric acid. Urinary excretion of total protein, lysozyme and albumin increased, peaking at week 8 but returning to baseline by week 14. At killing after 14 weeks, kidney weights, glomerular filtration rates and serum creatinine were the same in both groups, but kidney/body weight and kidney/heart weight ratios were greater in the acidotic group. All kidneys were normal by light microscopy. 3. Rats subjected to five-sixths nephrectomy were given sufficient dietary bicarbonate to abolish uraemic acidosis, and their outcome was compared with that of non-alkalinized remnants (controls). Proteinuria, glomerular filtration rates, blood pressure, histological injury and time to the development of terminal uraemia were no better in bicarbonate-supplemented animals than in controls. 4. These data demonstrate that metabolic acidosis neither causes nor exacerbates chronic renal injury. We conclude that the treatment of uraemic acidosis is unlikely to influence disease progression in patients with chronic renal failure.

scholarly journals Remnant kidney metabolism in the dog.

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
A Fine
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Normal Kidney ◽  
Renal Metabolism ◽  
Energy Substrates ◽  
Chronic Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Remnant Kidney

A marked increase in oxygen uptake (Qo2) per nephron has been described in the remnant kidney of the rat. However, it is not known which substrates support renal metabolism in remnant kidney nor is it known whether similar changes in Qo2 occur in other species. Remnant kidney in the dog was induced by ligation of 60 to 75% of the renal arterial branches on one side followed 1 to 2 wk later by contralateral nephrectomy. At 3 months marked hypertrophy of the remnant kidney was found and the glomerular filtration rate was 18 +/- 1.8 mL/min compared with 31 +/- 2 in a normal kidney (P less than 0.01). Qo2 was 689 +/- 60 mumol/min/100 mL glomerular filtration rate in the remnant kidney compared with 564 +/- 42 mumol/min/100 mL glomerular filtration rate in the normal kidney (P less than 0.01). Total renal ammoniagenesis per nephron increased to values found in chronic metabolic acidosis although serum (K+) and (HCO3-) were no different than in the normal dog. The oxidation of glutamine and lactate by remnant kidneys accounted for over 80% of Qo2, similar to that of normal kidneys. It is concluded that hypermetabolism per nephron occurs in the remnant kidney of the dog and that glutamine and lactate are the major energy substrates in remnant kidney. Furthermore, factors other than serum (K+) and (HCO3-) augment ammoniagenesis in this model. However, when these results are expressed per whole kidney or per gram of tissue, hypermetabolism does not occur in these remnant kidneys.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of Proportional Reduction of Sodium Intake on the Adaptive Increase in Glomerular Filtration Rate/Nephron and Potassium and Phosphate Excretion in Chronic Renal Failure in the Rat

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Espinel
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phosphate Excretion

1. The influence of dietary sodium intake on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR/nephron) and potassium and phosphate excretion was examined at three stages of progressive chronic renal failure produced in rats by sequential partial nephrectomies. 2. The adaptive increased sodium excretion per nephron in the control group receiving a constant sodium intake did not occur in the experimental group that had a gradual reduction of dietary sodium in direct proportion to the fall in GFR. 3. Despite the difference in sodium excretion, the increase in GFR/nephron, the daily variation in the amount of potassium and phosphate excreted, the increase in potassium and phosphate excretion per unit nephron, and the plasma potassium and phosphate concentrations were the same in the two groups. 4. The concept of ‘autonomous adaptation’ in chronic renal failure is presented.

scholarly journals Protein-to-creatinine urinary in the early diagnosis of renal injury in canine pyometra

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
Marcos C. Sant’Anna ◽  
Guilherme F. Martins ◽  
Karina K.M.C. Flaiban ◽  
Luiz G.C. Trautwein ◽  
Maria I.M. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Tubular Cells

ABSTRACT: Kidney disease that affects bitches with pyometra may lead patients to develop chronic renal failure even after pyometra treatment. Therefore, several studies have sought to clarify the gaps in the understanding of the pathogenesis of renal injury in pyometra. Identification of early detection markers for renal damage, which can predict and identify the prognosis of the disease, is very important. Proteinuria analysis can diagnose kidney damage, since proteins such as albumin are not filtered through the glomerulus and those that undergo glomerular filtration are almost completely reabsorbed by tubular cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC) can detect renal injury in bitches with pyometra before development of azotemia. For this, 44 bitches with pyometra were divided into two groups: bitches with azotemic piometra (A, n=15, creatinine >1.7) and bitches with non-azotemic pyometra (NA, n=29). The two groups were compared to the control group (CG, n=12), which had no signs of systemic disease. All animals underwent blood and urine tests. Leukocytosis was more evident in bitches in the A group than in the other groups. This shows that the inflammatory response may be associated with the pathogenesis of renal injury. The median UPC in bitches with pyometra was significantly higher than in the CG, with a median above the reference values. In conclusion, the UPC can be used in bitches with pyometra to detect renal damage before the development of azotemia. It has been suggested that the UPC of bitches with pyometra should be followed through during the postoperative period so that permanent renal lesions secondary to pyometra can be diagnosed and treated properly before the development of azotemia.

scholarly journals Acetazolamide Intoxication in an Elderly Patient with Diabetes and Chronic Renal Failure after Cataract Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Juliana Maria Kerber ◽  
Juliana Dias de Mello ◽  
Karolinny Borinelli de Aquino Moura ◽  
Gustavo Cardoso da Silva ◽  
Iuri Christmann Wawrzeniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patient ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Severe Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Ophthalmic Surgery ◽  
Drug Concentrations

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, such as acetazolamide, are widely used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma. Severe metabolic acidosis is a rare complication of acetazolamide use, and life-threatening acidosis occurs most commonly in elderly patients, in patients with advanced renal failure, and in patients with diabetes. We describe an unusual case of an elderly patient with diabetic nephropathy and chronic renal failure who presented to the emergency department with severe metabolic acidosis and coma after exposure to high doses of acetazolamide in the postoperative period of ophthalmic surgery. As symptoms of acetazolamide intoxication and uremia are similar, high suspicion is required to detect excessive plasma drug concentrations and intoxication in patients presenting with concomitant uremia. Clinical symptoms are potentially reversible with prompt diagnosis and treatment, including supportive treatment, bicarbonate therapy, and renal replacement therapy. Hemodialysis is particularly helpful in the management of acetazolamide overdose as the medication is dialyzable.

Liraglutide promotes autophagy by regulating the AMPK/mTOR pathway in a rat remnant kidney model of chronic renal failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 2305-2313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyu Xue ◽  
Zhanglei Pan ◽  
Qiao Yin ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Mtor Pathway ◽  
Remnant Kidney

The effect of metabolic acidosis on serum apolipoprotein A I and apolipoprotein B levels in children with chronic renal failure

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-607
Author(s):  
Z. Bircan ◽  
A. Kaplan ◽  
M. Soran ◽  
M. Söker ◽  
M. Kervancioĝlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Apolipoprotein A

Growth hormone stimulation tests in chronic renal failure with metabolic acidosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZELÂL BIRCAN ◽  
MEHMET KERVANCIOǦL̈ ◽  
MUSTAFA SORAN ◽  
IDRIS YILDIRIM
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Hormone Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Tests
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