Increased lysine transport capacity in erythrocytes from patients with chronic renal failure

1989 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Fervenza ◽  
C. M. Harvey ◽  
B. M. Hendry ◽  
J. C. Ellory
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Diffusion Constant ◽  
Linear Component ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Maintenance Haemodialysis ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Intracellular Amino Acids ◽  
The Mean

1. The initial rate of l-lysine influx into erythrocytes from 13 patients with chronic renal failure has been measured using 14C-labelled lysine. Ten patients were on maintenance haemodialysis and three had never been dialysed. The results are compared with data obtained from 12 normal individuals. 2. The rate of lysine influx into washed cells from buffered saline containing 0.02–0.5 mmol of l-lysine/l has been calculated. The results can be fitted with a model in which influx has a single saturable component obeying Michaelis–Menten kinetics, and a linear non-saturable component. 3. In uraemic erythrocytes the saturable component had a mean Vmax. of 0.762 mmol h−1 litre−1 of cells (n = 13, sem 0.072) and a mean Km of 68.2 μmol/l (sem 5.7). These values in normal erythrocytes were 0.566 mmol h−1 litre−1 of cells (n = 12, sem 0.033) and 70.5 μmol/l (sem 4.1), respectively. The mean apparent diffusion constant (KD) for the linear component of influx was 0.224 h−1 (sem 0.039) in uraemic cells and 0.178 h−1 (sem 0.028) in normals. 4. The 35% increase in mean Vmax. seen in uraemic erythrocytes was statistically significant (P = 0.02). A similar increase in Vmax. in uraemic cells compared with controls was seen in erythrocytes which were studied in zero-trans conditions after depletion of intracellular amino acids. The mean values of Km and KD were not significantly different in uraemia. The origins of this increased membrane transport capacity for lysine in uraemia are discussed.

Loss of Metacarpal and Iliac Bone in Chronic Renal Failure: Influence of Haemodialysis, Parathyroid Activity, Type of Renal Disease, Physical Activity and Heparin Consumption

1979 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Henderson ◽  
R. G. G. Russell ◽  
M. J. Earnshaw ◽  
J. G. G. Ledingham ◽  
D. O. Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
Bone Area ◽  
Maintenance Haemodialysis ◽  
Bone Biopsies ◽  
The Mean

1. Bone loss was assessed by measurement of cortical thickness of metacarpal bone by X-ray and of trabecular bone area in serial bone biopsies in 49 patients with chronic renal failure, six before and 45 during maintenance haemodialysis treatment. 2. Metacarpal cortical measurements (MCM) were very reproducible (coefficient of variation 1·95%), whereas bone area measurements by histology showed great variability. There was no correlation between rates of change of MCM and bone area over the same period, although both tended to fall with time. 3. The mean annual rate of bone loss measured by MCM for patients on dialysis was 2·08 ± 0·32 mm/year (mean ±1 sem) and this rate was not significantly different from the mean rate of loss of 2·49 ± 0·78 mm/year for the six patients who were not on maintenance haemodialysis. 61% of all patients showed a significant decrease during the period of study (1–6 years), but none had symptoms attributable to bone loss. 4. The loss tended to be greatest in women over the age of 40 years. The initial amount of bone and the rate of loss measured by MCM or bone histology were not influenced significantly by the presence or absence of histological or radiological evidence of parathyroid overactivity or of osteomalacia, nor by differences in the causes of renal disease. 5. Loss of metacarpal cortical bone correlated with heparin consumption during haemodialysis in men but not in women. The amount of bone and its rate of loss was not influenced by the presence of an arteriovenous shunt in one arm compared with the other. In neither sex did bone loss correlate with physical activity. 6. A relative deficiency of calcium due to a low dietary calcium intake and intestinal malabsorption of calcium, together with a dialysate calcium of only 1·5 mmol/l, may be more important causes of bone loss in patients in this study.

Concentrations in Serum and Urinary Excretion of Guanidine, 1-Methylguanidine, and 1,1-Dimethylguanidine in Chronic Renal Failure

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel M Stein ◽  
Michael J Micklus
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Uremic Toxins ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Uremic Syndrome ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Uremic Patients ◽  
Urine Specimens ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract Guanidine (G), 1-methylguanidine (MG), and 1,1-dimethylguanidine (DMG) have long been implicated as uremic "toxins." A method has been developed for determining G, MG, and DMG in serum and urine. Specimens were chromatographed on carboxylate resin, with use of 1 molar NaOH, and quantitated colorimetrically with a modification of the Voges— Proskauer reaction. The mean values for G and MG in the serum of uremic patients were 0.3 and 0.4 mg per liter, respectively. DMG was not detected. Although the urinary excretion of MG is significantly increased in renal failure, the concentrations of G, MG, and DMG in serum are not markedly increased, and it is therefore unlikely that G, MG, or DMG contribute to the toxic manifestations of the uremic syndrome.

scholarly journals HAEMATOLOGICAL STATUS IN CATS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE: EFFECT OF A RENAL DIET

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Smiljana PARAŠ ◽  
Goran PARAŠ ◽  
Bojan LUKAČ ◽  
Igor ČEGAR
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Renal Diet ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dietetic Food

Chronic renal failure is a disease characterized by decreased kidney function andtherefore a change in haematological parameters in cats. In our work we analyzed the hematologicalparameters, course of renal disease and the lifespan of cats suffering from chronic renalinsufficiency. The aim of the study was to compare the haematological parameters of cats sufferingfrom CRF, fed a renal diet; cats suffering from CRF not fed a renal diet and cats that were completelyhealthy. Then, the importance of using CRF-approved food for diseased cats and the effectivenessof its application was determined.The study included a total of 60 cats, divided into three groups. The blood parameters of cats usedin our study were: erythrocytes, thrombocytes, total leucocytes, differential leukocyte, hemoglobinconcentration, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, creatinine and urea. The study lasted for three yearsat the Veterinary Ambulance for pets "MIM COOP" Banja Luka.The study data were statistically analyzed using a T-test (p<0.05) and Pearson's correlationcoefficient. The results of our study show that the mean values of haematological parameters in thegroup of cats that did not use a renal diet for cats suffering from CRF were different statisticallyfrom other two groups of cats: the group that used a renal diet for cats suffering from CRF andcontrol groups of cats. Also, cats that used а renal diet have better quality of life and live longer thancats that did not receive this diet. Dietetic food recover kidneys of the cats suffering from CRF.

Abnormal erythrocyte choline transport in patients with chronic renal failure

1991 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Fervenza ◽  
D. Meredith ◽  
J. C. Ellory ◽  
B. M. Hendry
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Choline Transport ◽  
Maintenance Haemodialysis ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
The Mean

1. Erythrocyte choline transport has been studied in nine patients on maintenance haemodialysis for chronic renal failure, six patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, 31 patients with renal transplants and in nine normal control subjects. 2. The mean maximum rate of choline influx (Vmax., measured at an extracellular choline concentration of 250 μmol/l) was 66.7 (sd 14.1) μmol h−1 l−1 cells in patients on haemodialysis, 87.8 (sd 18.5) μmol h−1 l−1 cells in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and 30.5 (sd 4.9) μmol h−1 l−1 cells in control subjects. The increase in choline flux in patients on haemodialysis and patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis compared with control subjects was highly significant (P < 0.001). 3. Renal transplant patients showed variable values for the Vmax. of choline influx (range 17.7-71.7 μmol h−1 l−1 cells). The values showed a signifcant negative correlation with creatinine clearance and this correlation correctly extrapolated to the maximum choline flux in normal subjects and in patients on dialysis. 4. The kinetics of choline transport have been studied in erythrocytes of patients on haemodialysis and control subjects in ‘zero-trans’ conditions after depletion of intracellular choline. The mean Vmax. in these conditions was 38.4 (sd 4.6) μmol h−1 l−1 cells in patients on haemodialysis compared with 14.2 (sd 3.7) μmol h−1 l−1 cells in control subjects. The mean Km under ‘zero-trans’ conditions was 19.4 (sd 2.4) μmol/l in patients on haemodialysis and 7.4 (sd 1.4) μmol/l in control subjects. These differences were significant (P < 0.001).

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND ANATOMOSIS OF ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULAR IN PATIENTS WITH REGULARLY HEMODIALYSIS

2017 ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Van Hien Pham ◽  
Huu Vu Quang Nguyen ◽  
Tam Vo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Mean

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in patients with chronic renal failure. When a patient undergoes dialysis, making AVF or AVG causes cardiovascular events. Understanding the relationship between complications: hypertension, heart failure, AVF or AVG (formation time, position, diameter) helps us monitor, detect, prevent and treatment of complications to limit the risk of death in patients with dialysis. Objective: Relationship between cardiovascular diseases and anatomosis of arteriovenous fistular in patients with regularly hemodialysis at Cho Ray Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Cho Ray Hospital from 2015 to 2016. The survey some cardiovascular diseases are done by clinical examination, tests for diagnostic imaging such as X-ray, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram: heart and diameter of anastomosis AVF, AVG. Results: The study population included 303 patients with chronic renal failure who were dialysis. Of which, patients aged 25-45 accounted for the highest proportion (43.9%). The proportion of male and female patients was similar (48.5% and 51.5% respectively). The mean value of systolic blood pressure on patients made AVF, AVG less than 12 months is higher than patients made AVF, AVG over 12 months, and there is negative correlation (r = -0.43) between AVF, AVG and systolic blood pressure (p <0.05). The mean value of diastolic blood pressure on patients made AVF, AVG less than 12 months is lower than patients made AVF, AVG over 12 months, and and there is positive correlation (r = -0.43) between AVF, AVG and diastolic blood pressure (p <0.05) (p <0.05). The prevalence of patients with heart failure made AVF, AVG over 12 months is higher than that of the under 12 months group, there is a negative correlation (r = - 0.43) between AVF, AVG diameter and EF index (p <0.05). Conclusion: It is important to note the diameter of anastomosis AVF, AVG in patients with chronic renal failure dialysis to limit cardiovascular complications, especially heart failure. Key words: Chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis.

Oral and Maxillofacial Manifestations of Mineral and Bone Disorders Associated with Chronic Renal Failure

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1325-1328
Author(s):  
Andrada Raluca Doscas ◽  
Mihail Balan ◽  
Mihai Liviu Ciofu ◽  
Doriana Agop Forna ◽  
Marius Cristian Martu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
End Stage Renal Failure ◽  
Brown Tumors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
End Stage

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a multifactorial syndrome and a global health concern. As renal function declines, there is a progressive deterioration of mineral homeostasis. Starting from stage 3 of CKD oral manifestations of mineral disorders can occasionally appear and become more frequent and evident in stage 5. We retrospectively analysed 43 patients diagnosed with end stage renal failure undergoing dialysis, hospitalized in our clinic for different oral and maxillofacial pathologies. The mean dialysis period was 5.43 years. Radiographic alterations afecting the jaws were found in all patients. The most common feature was partial or total loss of lamina dura, followed by alterations of the bony trabeculae. 9 patients presented brown tumors which are considered the final stage of secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with renal failure.

Neuropeptide Y as a plasma marker for phaeochromocytoma, ganglioneuroblastoma and neuroblastoma

1992 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toraichi Mouri ◽  
Masahiko Sone ◽  
Kazuhiro Takahashi ◽  
Keiichi Itoi ◽  
Kazuhito Totsune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Maintenance Haemodialysis ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Plasma Marker

1. We investigated the usefulness of neuropeptide Y as a plasma marker for phaeochromocytoma, ganglioneuroblastoma and neuroblastoma using a simple and highly sensitive r.i.a. for human neuropeptide Y. 2. Plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y concentrations were measured without extraction in plasma samples (100 μl) from patients with various diseases. 3. The plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y concentration in patients with phaeochromocytoma (172.3 ± 132.4 pmol/l, mean ± sd, n = 23) was significantly higher than that in healthy adult subjects (40.1 ± 10.1 pmol/l, n = 40, P<0.0001). The plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y concentrations in patients with ganglioneuroblastoma (590.7 ± 563.6 pmol/l, n = 6) and patients with neuroblastoma (566.9 ± 524.4 pmol/l, n = 15) were significantly higher than those in control children (1–9 years old, 82.2 ± 39.9 pmol/l, n = 72, P<0.0001). 4. The plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y concentration in patients with essential hypertension (34.0 ± 3.7 pmol/l, n = 18) was within the normal range, but in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing maintenance haemodialysis (192.1 ± 68.0 pmol/l, n = 25) and in non-dialysed patients with chronic renal failure (85.1 ± 23.1 pmol/l, n = 7) it was significantly higher than that in healthy adult subjects (P<0.0001). 5. Eighty-seven per cent of the patients with phaeochromocytoma, 67% of the patients with ganglioneuroblastoma and 80% of the patients with neuroblastoma showed plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y concentrations higher than the upper limits in the control subjects [62 pmol/l (adult) and 160 pmol/l (children)]. 6. These results suggest that neuropeptide Y is a useful plasma marker for these tumours in addition to other factors unless the patients have renal failure.

Stable Strontium Absorption as a Measure of Intestinal Calcium Absorption: Comparison with the Double-Radiotracer Calcium Absorption Test

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aubrey Blumsohn ◽  
Brian Morris ◽  
Richard Eastell
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Quadratic Term ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stable Strontium ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dual Tracer ◽  
Fractional Absorption

1. Stable strontium (Sr) has been proposed as an alternative to calcium (Ca) isotopes for the measurement of intestinal Ca absorption. The aim of this study was to compare the time course and fractional absorption of Ca and Sr, when both are measured using dual-tracer techniques. 2. 45Ca and Sr absorption tests were carried out on consecutive days in patients with osteoporosis (n = 10) or chronic renal failure (n = 7). Both tests were repeated in four patients with chronic renal failure after treatment with calcitriol (1 μg daily for 10 days). 3. The time course of Ca absorption was determined using the 85Sr (intravenous)/45Ca (oral) dual-tracer technique, and the time course of Sr absorption using 85Sr (intravenous)/stable Sr (oral). Oral tracers were administered on consecutive days with a test meal containing 5.3 mmol of Ca and 2.5 mmol of either stable Sr or Ca carrier. The fractional absorption of 45Ca and Sr at 6 h (FA360) and the absorption rate as a function of time were calculated by deconvolution. 4. The mean FA360 for Sr (20.2%) was lower than the mean FA360 for 45Ca (37.8%, P < 0.001, paired t-test), but the time course of Sr absorption was similar to that of Ca. There was a significant correlation between the FA360 for 45Ca and Sr, although the relationship was improved by including a quadratic term (R2 = 0.89, P < 0.001, significance of quadratic term, P < 0.05). After 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D treatment, the FA360 of stable Sr increased 4.29-fold, whereas the FA360 of 45Ca increased only 2.4-fold. 5. Although the fractional absorption of Sr determined by dual-tracer deconvolution was the best predictor of FA360 for 45Ca, little was lost by confining the analysis to a single serum Sr measurement taken 3 h or more after oral administration. 6. We conclude that Sr absorption is qualitatively similar to that of Ca, although absorption of Sr is much lower than that of Ca. Furthermore, the relationship does not appear to be linear. Stable Sr may be useful in place of Ca isotopes in the routine clinical evaluation of Ca absorption.

A radioimmunoassay for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 562-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bouillon ◽  
P De Moor ◽  
E G Baggiolini ◽  
M R Uskokovic
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Large Excess ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
25 Hydroxycholecalciferol

Abstract We describe a radioimmunoassay for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in human serum. We raised antisera in rabbits to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-3-hemisuccinate coupled to bovine serum albumin, and obtained sensitive, high-titer antibodies. These antibodies had a high affinity for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and cross reacted mainly with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Addition of 1 mL of normal rabbit serum per liter reduced this interference to 5 and 4%, respectively. However, these interfering steroids are present in large excess, so extensive purification of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol from serum is necessary. The steroid was extracted with ethyl acetate/cyclohexane, purified on Sephadex LH-20, and then chromatographed on a column of silicic acid. The radioimmunoassay is sensitive to 5 pg/tube (3 ng/L of serum). The between-assay CV was 14%. The mean concentration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the serum of 54 healthy adults was 38 (SD 12) ng/L, with no sex-related difference. The assay was further validated by the finding of low or undetectable concentrations in patients with chronic renal failure and of increased concentrations in the serum of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. In comparison with previously described methods, the major advantage of the present assay is the use of stable gamma-globulins, which are available in large amounts, as binding protein.

Autopsy Findings in Patients Treated by Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas Sombolos ◽  
Peter McNamee ◽  
Ahmed Mitwalli ◽  
Sol Rabinovich ◽  
Dimitrios G. Oreopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Coronary Artery Stenosis ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Organ Changes ◽  
Acquired Cystic Disease

From October 1977 to October 1985, our pathology department did autopsies on 19 patients (14 men, five women) treated by CAPD for four to 55 (mean 29.3) months. Their mean age was 60.2 (range 28–79) years and the primary renal diseases were diabetes mellitus (eight), nephrosclerosis (five), polycystic kidneys (three), chronic glomerulonephritis (one) and chronic renal failure associated with sarcoidosis and congestive cardiomyopathy in two. During the same period, the authors selected as controls 18 autopsied patients (14 men, four women), who had not had chronic renal failure, and these were matched with the CAPD patients for age, sex, longstanding hypertension and insulin-dependent diabetes. Direct causes of death for CAPD patients were cardiovascular incidents (12) infection (5), pancreatitis (1) and lung cancer (1); in controls, the causes were cardiovascular in 11 and infection in two. Thirteen of the CAPD and 12 autopsied controls had coronary artery stenosis equal to or greater than 70%, and affecting one or more arteries. The mean weight of organs in CAPD patients and controls were similar except for kidneys and the spleen; we found the latter weighed more in those on CAPD (p = 0.002). In CAPD patients the most important organ changes were: evidence of myocardial infarction, old or acute, in nine, acquired cystic disease of the kidney in five, and thickening and adhesions of peritoneum in nine and five respectively.

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