Circulating opioid peptides during water immersion in normal man

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Coruzzi ◽  
C. Ravanetti ◽  
L. Musiari ◽  
A. Biggi ◽  
P. P. Vescovi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Methionine Enkephalin ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
Circulating Levels

1. This study was designed to evaluate variations in plasma β-endorphin, methionine-enkephalin, adrenocorticotropic hormone and serum prolactin in healthy volunteers during head-out water immersion. 2. Water immersion induced an increase in methionine-enkephalin plasma levels, which was associated with a significant fall in mean arterial pressure and heart rate. 3. Conversely, a suppression of plasma β-endorphin, adrenocorticotropic hormone and serum prolactin was detected during water immersion. 4. We suggest that a dopaminergic inhibitory control mechanism may be involved in regulating circulating levels of β-endorphin, adrenocorticotropic hormone and prolactin in normal subjects undergoing extracellular fluid volume expansion produced by water immersion.

Dissociation of Renin-Aldosterone and Renal Prostaglandin E during Volume Expansion Induced by Immersion in Normal Man

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Epstein ◽  
M. D. Lifschitz ◽  
R. Re ◽  
E. Haber
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Normal Man

1. The relationship of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis with renal prostaglandin E is complex. Although studies have suggested that these two hormonal systems respond to experimental manipulations in a parallel manner, their interdependence has not been assessed fully during volume expansion. Since studies have demonstrated that in normal man the central hypervolaemia induced by water immersion to the neck produces a prompt and profound suppression of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration without concomitant alteration of plasma composition, immersion afforded a unique opportunity to assess simultaneously the effects of central hypervolaemia on plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration and prostaglandin E excretion. 2. Seven normal subjects were studied twice while in balance on a diet containing 10 mmol of sodium/day, 100 mmol of potassium/day: with indomethacin administration (50 mg given every 6 h for five doses) and without indomethacin. Urinary prostaglandin E excretion was measured hourly and plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration at 30 min intervals. 3. Immersion was associated with a marked suppression of plasma renin activity (59 ± 7%) and plasma aldosterone concentration (55 ± 3%) with a return to pre-study values during the recovery hour. Concomitantly, urinary prostaglandin E excretion increased from 4.7 to a peak of 10.9 ng/min. Although administration of indomethacin lowered the basal rate of urinary prostaglandin E excretion and plasma renin activity, it did not prevent the subsequent augmentation of urinary prostaglandin E or the suppression of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone during the subsequent 4 h of immersion. 4. These results demonstrate a dissociation of renin-aldosterone and prostaglandin E during hypervolaemia and suggest that whereas prostaglandin E may constitute one of the major determinants of renin release clinically and experimentally, these two hormonal systems can be dissociated from each other in response to central volume expansion in man.

Comparison of the Effects of Water Immersion and Saline Infusion on Central Haemodynamics in Man

1977 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
R. Levinson ◽  
M. Epstein ◽  
M. A. Sackner ◽  
R. Begin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Alveolar Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue ◽  
Capillary Blood Volume ◽  
Saline Administration

1. The effects of acute intravenous infusion of 2 litres of saline/120 min on pulmonary capillary blood flow (Q̇c), diffusing capacity per unit of alveolar volume (DL/VA), functional residual capacity (FRC), and pulmonary tissue plus capillary blood volume (VTPC) were compared with the changes induced by water immersion to the neck for 4 h. Serial measurements were made at 30 min intervals in five normal subjects, utilizing a non-invasive rebreathing method with a gas mixture containing 0·5% acetylene, 0·3% C180, 10% He, 21% O2 and 68·2% N2. 2. Infusion of saline produced a rise in Q̇c which was similar to that induced by immersion. This increment in Q̇c persisted for the 3 h of observation after stopping the infusion, in contrast to the prompt decrease in Q̇c to pre-study values after cessation of immersion. 3. DL/VA was unaffected by saline administration in contrast to the marked and prompt increment induced by immersion. 4. Pulmonary tissue plus capillary blood volume was unchanged during both saline administration and immersion, suggesting that neither gradual saline administration nor immersion induces major extravasation of fluid into the pulmonary interstitial space. 5. The present data indicate that the ‘volume stimulus’ of immersion is similar to that of saline-induced extracellular fluid volume expansion in normal seated subjects. Immersion may be a preferred investigative approach for assessing the effects of volume expansion in subjects in whom rapid reversibility of the ‘volume stimulus’ is desirable.

Impaired sodium excretion in response to volume expansion induced by water immersion in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. O'Hare ◽  
J. M. Roland ◽  
G. Walters ◽  
R. J. M. Corrall
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Response ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Fractional Excretion Of Sodium ◽  
Insulin Dependent

1. The renal response to volume expansion produced by water immersion to the neck at 35°C was examined in eight young normotensive uncomplicated insulin-dependent diabetic subjects and in eight matched normal control subjects. 2. Both the diabetic and normal subjects manifested a renal response of natriuresis and kaliuresis on immersion, but the natriuretic response was reduced in the diabetic group. Thus the induced excretion of sodium over the 4 h of immersion was 40 ± 5 mmol (mean ± sem) in the normal group compared with 22 ± 4 mmol in the diabetic group (P < 0.02). 3. In the normal subjects creatinine clearance did not change during immersion compared with pre-immersion control values while in the diabetic group it rose from pre-immersion control values of 112 ± 11 ml/min to a mean value of 127 ± 11 ml/min during immersion (P < 0.01). 4. The diabetic subjects thus excreted less sodium despite an increased filtered load during water immersion. Fractional excretion of sodium was significantly reduced in the diabetic subjects compared with the normal control subjects (P < 0.05). 5. The suppression of plasma renin and aldosterone was similar in normal and diabetic groups. 6. Tubular sodium retention could be an early functional change in the diabetic kidney, and be implicated in the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Dopamine blockade and natriuresis during water immersion in normal man

1986 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Coruzzi ◽  
A. Biggi ◽  
L. Musiari ◽  
C. Ravanetti ◽  
P. P. Vescovi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Normal Man

1. Natriuresis was studied during water immersion in eight normal subjects either in the absence or in the presence of dopamine blockade by domperidone. 2. Creatinine clearance showed no significant changes; urine flow remained significantly above control values during water immersion, implying persistent suppression of antidiuretic hormone. 3. The marked natriuresis seen during water immersion alone was significantly blunted (P < 0.05) but not abolished during water immersion plus domperidone. 4. Suppression of the renin–aldosterone system by water immersion alone was not significantly different from that obtained during water immersion plus dopamine blockade. 5. On the contrary, plasma prolactin levels, previously suppressed during water immersion alone, were significantly stimulated during water immersion plus domperidone, thus indirectly suggesting a role of dopamine in mediating the blunted natriuresis seen during water immersion.

Comparison of water immersion and saline infusion as a means of inducing volume expansion in man

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Epstein ◽  
D. S. Pins ◽  
R. Arrington ◽  
A. G. Denunzio ◽  
R. Engstrom
Keyword(s):  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Recumbent Posture ◽  
Saline Administration ◽  
Central Hypervolemia

Although previous studies have demonstrated that water immersion to the neck (NI) results in both central hypervolemia and a significant natriuresis, it is unclear whether the magnitude of the “volume stimulus” of NI is comparable to that induced by the extracellular fluid volume expansion (ECVE) induced by acute saline administration. The present study was undertaken therefore to compare the natriuresis induced by these two different stimuli. All subjects were studied on four occasions while in balance on a diet containing 150 meq of sodium and 80 meq of potassium daily: seated control; seated immersion; and saline administration in both the seated and recumbent posture. The increment in UNaV during NI was indistinguishable from that of seated saline. Similarly, the kaliuretic response during NI was similar to that induced by seated saline infusion. In contrast, supine saline infusion resulted in a greater increment in UNaV than either NI or seated saline. The present data indicate that the “volume stimulus” of immersion is identical with that of standard saline-induced ECVE in normal seated subjects. Furthermore, the ability of NI to induce a natriuresis without a concomitant increase in total blood volume and with a decrease in body weight, rather than the increase which attends saline infusion, suggests that NI may be a preferred investigative tool for assessing the effects of ECVE in man.

Effect of long-term treatment with bromocriptine on the growth hormone response to galanin in patients with acromegaly

1993 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giustina ◽  
Mauro Doga ◽  
A Rosa Bussi ◽  
Massimo Licini ◽  
Maurizio Schettino
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathways

Galanin elicits growth hormone (GH) secretion in normal man but may cause a paradoxical fall of GH in acromegaly. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of long-term treatment with bromocriptine on the galanin-induced GH decrease in acromegalic subjects. Six acromegalic patients (5F, 1M) chronically treated with bromocriptine underwent in randomized order: (i) iv infusion of 100 ml saline from 0 to 45 min and (ii) iv infusion of synthetic porcine galanin (0.5 mg in 100ml saline) from 0 to 45 min. In acromegalic patients, GH values fell from baseline (10.5±2.7 μg/1) to a mean nadir of 6.9±2.2 μg/1 after galanin infusion (57.8±9.4% vs basal levels). Saline infusion did not cause any change in circulating GH levels. The mean change in GH values with respect to baseline after galanin in these subjects significantly differed from that observed after saline from time 15 to 90 min. Serum prolactin levels were not significantly affected by galanin. Our results confirm that the dose of galanin capable of increasing plasma GH levels in normal subjects can decrease GH values in patients with acromegaly. Moreover, our data show that this paradoxical GH decrease induced by galanin can also be observed in patients chronically treated with bromocriptine. Therefore, the paradoxical decreasing effect of galanin on plasma GH levels in acromegaly seems not to be mediated via dopaminergic pathways.

Effect of Converting Enzyme Inhibition on the Systemic and Renal Responses to Acute Isotonic Volume Expansion in Normal Man

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 285s-287s ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mimran ◽  
J. Ribstein
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Volume Dependence ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
Renal Responses

1. Systemic, humoral and renal responses to isotonic volume expansion (1800 ml in 3 h) were assessed in normal subjects before and during captopril administration. 2. Captopril, which otherwise induced a decrease in pre-saline mean arterial pressure (MAP), unmasked the volume-dependence of MAP, which increased linearly during volume expansion (+ 18.7 ± 3.8% at the end of volume expansion). 3. Captopril prevented the fall in plasma aldosterone produced by volume expansion but did not modify the natriuretic response to saline. 4. These results suggest that intrarenal rather than circulating angiotensin II may be one of the determinants of the natriuretic response to volume expansion in normal man.

Atrial natriuretic peptide secretion in response to volume expansion and contraction in normal man

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sakamoto ◽  
F. Marumo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Volume Concentration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
Peptide Secretion

Abstract. The plasma concentrations of ANP in response to isotonic saline-induced volume expansion and furosemide-induced volume contraction in 12 healthy men were measured by radioimmunoassay. The total ANP content was calculated by multiplying the circulating plasma volume (CPV) with the plasma ANP concentration, assuming that most of the ANP remained in the blood vessels. In addition, extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) was measured. After overnight dehydration, plasma ANP concentration significantly increased after isotonic saline was infused, but the urinary ANP concentration did not change essentially. After furosemide-induced volume concentration, plasma ANP concentrations significantly decreased, but the urinary ANP concentrations did not change essentially. As the CVP and ECFV changed, the total plasma ANP also changed. The correlation between these effects was highly significant (r = 0.84 and 0.67, N = 11, respectively). The chromatogram obtained from the plasma in the dehydrated state showed that the area of the high molecular weight ANP peak was relatively large compared with the total area of all ANP peaks. This area of the high molecular weight ANP peaks decreased after saline infusion. In the urine, only the α-ANP peak was noted and no high molecular weight ANP peak appeared in the chromatogram. These results indicate that amount and type of ANP secretion may change depending on circulating plasma volume.

Observations on Cardiac Output and ”Pulmonary Blood Volume” in Normal Man by External Recording of the Intracardiac Flow of 131I Labelled Albumin

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (04) ◽  
pp. 353-379
Author(s):  
Jacques Lammerant ◽  
Norman Veall ◽  
Michel De Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Volume ◽  
Intracardiac Flow ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
Mean Circulation

Summary1. The technique for the measurement of cardiac output by external recording of the intracardiac flow of 131I labelled human serum albumin has been extended to provide a measure of the mean circulation time from right to left heart and hence a new approach to the estimation of the pulmonary blood volume.2. Values for the basal cardiac output in normal subjects and its variations with age are in good agreement with the previously published data of other workers.3. The pulmonary blood volume in normal man in the basal state was found to be 28.2 ± 0.6% of the total blood volume.4. There was no correlation between cardiac output and pulmonary blood volume in a series of normal subjects in the basal state.5. The increase in cardiac output during digestion was associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood volume equal to 6.3 ± 1.2% of the total blood volume, that is, about 280 ml.6. The increase in cardiac output during exercise was associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood volume equal to 4.5 ± 1.0% of the total blood volume, that is, about 200 ml.7. The increase in cardiac output attributed to alarm is not associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood volume, the latter may in fact be increased.8. The total blood volume is advocated as a standard of reference for studies of this type in normal subjects in preference to body weight or surface area.9. The significance of these results and the validity of the method are discussed.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ADMINISTRATION OF EPINEPHRINE ON THE LEUKOCYTE COUNTS OF NORMAL SUBJECTS

Blood ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 723-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
COLIN WHITE ◽  
TSUIN HWA LING ◽  
ARNOLD M. KLEIN
Keyword(s):  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Adrenocortical Hormone ◽  
The One

Abstract 1. Thirty-seven normal subjects were given subcutaneous injections of epinephrine, ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 mg., and the effects on the leukocytes were noted. 2. The neutrophils rose steadily for the three and one-half hours during which blood counts were made. The small lymphocytes rose in the first half hour, then fell below normal and finally returned towards normal. The eosinophils rose at first and then fell below normal for the remainder of the period. 3. The three doses of epinephrine used produced effects which differed quantitatively but not qualitatively. The most readily identified effect of the smallest dose was the one-half hour rise in lymphocytes or the one-half hour rise in total count. A dose of 0.5 mg. is satisfactory for work of this kind. 4. Subjects with a history of allergy showed a greater tendency than the remainder to exhibit a one-half hour rise in the eosinophil count. 5. The changes in the leukocyte count produced by epinephrine are similar to, but not identical with, those produced by adrenocortical hormone or adrenocorticotropic hormone.

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