Arterial oxygen saturation and breathlessness in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease

1987 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lane ◽  
A. Cockcroft ◽  
L. Adams ◽  
A. Guz
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Exercise Ventilation ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
Obstructive Airways Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease

1. Nine patients with chronic obstructive airways disease performed a 6 min self-paced walk (breathing air) on a treadmill and then identical (but operator-controlled) treadmill walks breathing either air or supplemental oxygen sufficient to just prevent arterial oxygen desaturation during the exercise. 2. During the exercises, ventilation was recorded and patients recorded their sensation of breathlessness on a visual analogue scale (VAS) every 30 s. 3. Breathing supplemental oxygen produced a small fall in mean exercise ventilation and a large and consistent reduction in mean exercise breathlessness. In seven patients the VAS scores were higher on air than with supplemental oxygen, at similar levels of ventilation. An analysis of co-variance, to control for reduction in ventilation, showed a decrease in mean breathlessness when breathing supplemental oxygen, significant at the 8% level. 4. The reduction in breathlessness produced by preventing exercise desaturation cannot be explained by the decrease in ventilation. This suggests that hypoxia may be a stimulus for breathlessness. The mechanism is unknown.

Arterial oxygen desaturation during treadmill and bicycle exercise in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cockcroft ◽  
A. Beaumont ◽  
L. Adams ◽  
A. Guz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Bicycle Exercise ◽  
Arterial Lactate ◽  
Exercise Ventilation ◽  
Obstructive Airways Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease

1. Nine men with severe chronic obstructive airways disease (COAD), known to desaturate on exercise, performed a 6 min self-paced walk on a treadmill, followed by a bicycle exercise with workloads adjusted to mimic the oxygen consumption achieved on the treadmill. During both exercises, ventilation, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, Pao2, Paco2, pH and arterial lactate were measured and subjective breathlessness recorded. 2. A reasonable match of oxygen consumption between the two exercises was achieved. In all subjects Pao2 fell to a lower level during treadmill compared with bicycle exercise. Ventilation, carbon dioxide production and arterial lactate were higher during bicycle exercise. Subjective breathlessness was greater during bicycle exercise, in proportion to the higher ventilation on the bicycle. 3. The greater anaerobiosis occurring on the bicycle led to acidosis and an increased ventilation, minimizing the exercise fall in Pao2. 4. Bicycle testing may seriously underestimate exercise desaturation occurring during level walking in patients with severe COAD.

scholarly journals Supplemental oxygen and exercise ability in chronic obstructive airways disease.

Thorax ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 965-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
A C Davidson ◽  
R Leach ◽  
R J George ◽  
D M Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Airways Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease

scholarly journals The Effect of Supplemental Oxygen on the Incidence of Hypoxaemia after Premedication in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Royse ◽  
R. J. B. Tiernan ◽  
S. M. Portelli ◽  
S. Davies ◽  
R. Arblaster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Routine Administration ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Elective Patients

Opiate premedication may cause significant respiratory depression, particularly when other sedative agents such as scopolamine or benzodiazepines are added. This can cause hypoxaemia with potential for worsening myocardial ischaemia in cardiac surgery patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of hypoxaemia (SpO2 <90%) in elective patients undergoing cardiac surgery and to assess the efficacy of supplemental oxygen in preventing it. One hundred elective patients without significant respiratory disease or cardiac failure, who received both an opiate and a sedative premedication, were prospectively randomized to receive either oxygen via a facemask at 4 l/min or no oxygen. Continuous arterial oxygen saturation was recorded using a pulse oximeter from the time of premedication until the patient arrived in theatre. An SpO2 <90% was recorded as a significant event and oxygen was administered to the patients. Six patients were excluded because of equipment failure or protocol violations. The patient groups were comparable with respect to patient demographics, premedication type and dose or the duration of monitoring. In patients receiving oxygen (n=48) there were no episodes of hypoxaemia (0%). In patients not receiving oxygen (n=46) there were 14 episodes of hypoxaemia (30%, P<0.0001). We conclude that there is a significantly high incidence of hypoxaemia in cardiac surgery patients following combined opiate and sedative premedication and that it can be reduced by the routine administration of supplemental oxygen.

scholarly journals The reproducibility of subjective appetite scores

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Raben ◽  
ANNA TAGLIABUE ◽  
Arne Astrup
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Differences

Although subjective appetite scores are widely used, studies on the reproducibility of this method are scarce. In the present study nine healthy, normal weight, young men recorded their subjective appetite sensations before and during 5 h after two different test meals A and B. The subjects tested each meal twice and in randomized order. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, 10 cm in length, were used to assess hunger, satiety, fullness, prospective food consumption and palatability of the meals. Plasma glucose and lactate concentrations were determined concomitantly. The repeatability was investigated for fasting values, Δ-mean 5 h and mean 5 h values, Δ-peak/nadir and peak/nadir values. Although the profiles of the postprandial responses were similar, the coefficients of repeatability (CR = 2SD) on the mean differences were large, ranging from 2·86 to 5.24 cm for fasting scores, 1·36 to 1·88 cm for mean scores, 2·98 to 5·42 cm for Δ-mean scores, and 3·16 to 6·44 cm for peak and Δ-peak scores. For palatability ratings the CK values varied more, ranging from 2·38 (taste) to 8·70 cm (aftertaste). Part of the difference in satiety ratings could be explained by the differences in palatability ratings. However, the low reproducibility may also be caused by a conditioned satiation or hunger due to the subjects' prior experience of the meals and therefore not just be a reflection of random noise. It is likely, however, that the variation in appetite ratings is due both to methodological day-to-day variation and to biological day-to-day variation in subjective appetite sensations.

Review paper on Bronchiectasis

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Sudhir Lohani
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Airways Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease

Bronchiectasis is characterized by dilatation of bronchi, airflow limitation and chronic infection/ inflammation. The aetiology, pathology and management are discussed in this review. It is vital that we distinguish bronchiectasis from other obstructive airways disease like Asthma and Chronic obstructive airways disease as management strategies are different. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v1i1.5839 Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine. 2012; 1(1): 39-42

Haemodynamic effects of Intravenous Verapamil in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (s15) ◽  
pp. 80P-80P
Author(s):  
D.F. Treacher ◽  
A. Douglas ◽  
A. Jones ◽  
N.T. Bateman ◽  
R.D. Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemodynamic Effects ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Airways Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease

Comparison of Cerebral Blood Flow after Venesection of Bronchitic Secondary Polycythaemic and Primary Polycythaemic Patients

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. d'A. Semple ◽  
G. D. O. Lowe ◽  
J. Patterson ◽  
G. H. Beastall ◽  
J. O. Rowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Obstructive Airways Disease ◽  
Flow Improvement ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease ◽  
Symptomatic Benefit

Cerebral blood flow was measured before and after lowering of haematocrit in four patients with primary polycythaemia and in nine with polycythaemia secondary to chronic obstructive airways disease. Cerebral blood flow values in each group were abnormally low to a similar degree at the start of the study and the degree of rise in cerebral blood flow per unit fall in haematocrit after venesection also was similar in each. Oxygen delivery fell despite increased cerebral blood flow and symptomatic benefit was infrequent. In male secondary polycythaemic patients rise in cerebral blood flow was not associated with any improvement in hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular function which we had previously noted to be suppressed in such hypoxic subjects. Our findings suggest viscosity changes rather than alteration in blood oxygen carriage to be responsible for cerebral blood flow improvement. It is concluded that therapeutic venesection in such patients should be applied with caution.

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