Effect of hypertension on the progress and prognosis of experimental focal glomerular sclerosis

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiya Okuda ◽  
Hiroshi Tsuruda ◽  
Kaoru Onoyama ◽  
Yukinori Oh ◽  
Kenichi Motomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Glomerular Sclerosis ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Focal Glomerular Sclerosis ◽  
Renal Histology ◽  
Progressive Renal Disease

1. Effect of hypertension on progressive renal disease was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with experimental focal glomerular sclerosis, produced by the intravenous administration of adriamycin (ADR). Serial changes of urinary protein, blood pressure and blood chemistry for 22 weeks after ADR-treatment, and renal histology at week 22, were compared between ADR-treated SHR (group ADR-HT) and ADR-treated SHR given antihypertensive drugs (group ADR-AH). 2. Hypertension persisted in group ADR-HT, while blood pressure markedly decreased in group ADR-AH, after oral administration of antihypertensive drugs (guanethidine and hydralazine). 3. Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and hypercholesterolaemia were observed throughout the experiment both in group ADR-HT and in group ADR-AH. Urinary protein levels were significantly larger in the former at weeks 12 and 16. 4. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels increased progressively from week 16 in the ADR-treated rats. The increase was more rapid in group ADR-HT than in group ADR-AH. In group ADR-HT, 10 of 25 rats died between weeks 20 and 22, whereas all in group ADR-AH survived. 5. Histologically, ADR-treated rats showed focal glomerular sclerosis with tubulointerstitial changes. The lesions were more extensive in group ADR-HT than in group ADR-AH. 6. We conclude that hypertension influences the progress and prognosis of chronic progressive renal disease, as induced by adriamycin.

Effects of a Japanese Medicinal Plant on the Rat Subtotal Nephrectomy Model: Evaluation of its Effect by Microvascular Casts

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenjiro Kimura ◽  
Sanae Ogawa ◽  
Akihiro Tojo ◽  
Shinichiro Nanba
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Model Evaluation ◽  
Blood Pressure Reduction ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Glomerular Sclerosis ◽  
Pressure Reduction ◽  
Subtotal Nephrectomy ◽  
Blood Pressures

Effects of a Japanese medicinal plant named Sairei-To, were examined in a rat experimental renal disease. Thirteen weeks after subtotal nephrectomy, the blood pressures in rats given Sairei-To (Sairei-To rats) were lower that those without Sairei-To. The urinary protein excretions and glomerular sclerosis were markedly decreased in the Sairei-To treated rats. Arteriolar diameters were measured using microvascular casts. The afferent and efferent arterioles were both significantly dilatated. The efferent arterioles in Sairei-To rats were dilated to a greater extent than that of the afferent. These results indicated that Sairei-To lessened renal damages in the rat subtotal nephrectomy model, possibly through the blood pressure reduction and the efferent arteriolar dilatation.

Blood pressure-decreasing effect of etamicastat alone and in combination with antihypertensive drugs in the spontaneously hypertensive rat

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Igreja ◽  
Nuno Miguel Pires ◽  
Maria João Bonifácio ◽  
Ana Isabel Loureiro ◽  
Carlos Fernandes-Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Hypertensive Rat

scholarly journals Chronic glomerulonephritis associated with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Antonio Gonçalves Ramos ◽  
Zilton A. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glomerular Sclerosis ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Focal Glomerular Sclerosis ◽  
Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis

In a series of 36 cases of renal disease associated with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis the following morphologic types of glomerulonephritis were found: mesangio-capillary (33.2%), mesangial proliferative (25.0%), focal glomerular sclerosis (16.7%) and sclerosing glomerulonephritis (8.3%). No significant statistical differences were found when these results were compared with those from 36 cases of glomerulonephritis not associated with hepatosplenic disease. On the other hand, endocapillary glomerulonephritis was found to be predominant in the latter group of cases. These results did not substantiate the assumption that mesangio-capillary glomerulonephritis is specifically related to hepatosplenic schistosomiais. However, if the types of glomerulonephritis that predominantly involve the me-sangium are considered together, they are significantly associated with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Mesangial involvement is known to occur in other parasitic diseases and that may be related to a common immunopathogenesis.

scholarly journals Efficacy of various antihypertensive drugs in the treatment of hypertension in the patients of end-stage renal disease leading to hemodialysis: a retrospective study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Razi Ahmad ◽  
Anwar Habib ◽  
Sana Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Muscle Cramps ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Background: Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the patients of end-stage renal disease leading to hemodialysis. Majority of these patients suffers from hypertension and adequate control of blood pressure is a challenge in these patients because of multifactorial etiology and complicated pharmacokinetic changes in these patients. The present study aims is to find out the best possible drug or combination of drugs that can provide better control of blood pressure and improve the quality of life of these patients.Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on the patients who attended the hemodialysis unit of Hakeem Abdul Hamid Centenary hospital from July 2015 to June 2016 (one year), data on antihypertensive drugs and blood pressure control (pre-dialysis and post-dialysis) were recorded and analyzed.Results: 68.75% patients on hemodialysis were suffering from hypertension and were on antihypertensive medication. A combination of Amlodipine and clonidine were the most frequently prescribed antihypertensive agents. Muscle cramps an acute rise in blood pressure and hypotension were the most frequently encountered intradialytic complications in these patients.Conclusions: Although a combination of amlodipine and clonidine was most frequently prescribed antihypertensive medication in these patients these drugs were associated with intradialytic complications like muscle cramps and hypotension. Amlodipine with beta-adrenoceptor blocker (metoprolol or bisoprolol) provided best control of blood pressure in these patients with least intradialytic complications.

scholarly journals Vasorelaxant and Hypotensive Effects of Cheonwangbosimdan in SD and SHR Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bumjung Kim ◽  
Cheolmin Jo ◽  
Ho-Young Choi ◽  
Kyungjin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Medical System ◽  
Shr Rats ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Herbal Prescription

Historically, traditional herbal medicines (THMs) have been the conventional treatment strategy in the Korean medical system for treating many diseases. However, THMs have rarely been used to treat hypertension, and moreover few studies have investigated the interaction of blood pressure with the coadministration of synthetic antihypertensives. We aimed to evaluate the vasorelaxant and hypotensive effects of the traditional herbal prescription Cheonwangbosimdan (CWBSD; “Tianwangbuxindan” in Chinese) and the combination of CWBSD with amlodipine. CWBSD was extracted with distilled water at 100°C for 2 h. To investigate vasorelaxant activities, CWBSD with amlodipine (10 μg/ml) was added cumulatively (10–1,000 μg/ml) to isolated rat aortic rings precontracted using phenylephrine or potassium chloride in organ chambers. To investigate hypotensive effects, CWBSD (2,476 mg/kg) was orally administered with or without amlodipine (5 mg/kg) to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). CWBSD increased the relaxation of rat aortic rings induced by amlodipine (P < 0.01). In vivo, CWBSD coadministration with amlodipine also significantly decreased the blood pressure of SHRs compared to the amlodipine-treated group. These results suggested that CWBSD could be a useful herbal prescription to treat hypertension and we recommend establishing guidelines for the use of herbal medicines in conjunction with antihypertensive drugs, including amlodipine.

scholarly journals Is there a "point of no return" in progressive renal disease?

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 832-840
Author(s):  
G Maschio ◽  
L Oldrizzi ◽  
C Rugiu
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Glomerular Sclerosis ◽  
Renal Disease Progression ◽  
Point Of No Return

The pathogenesis of progressive renal damage is most probably multifactorial. Whatever the mechanisms involved in renal disease progression, the existence of a "point of no return" has been hypothesized, that is, a stage of structural and functional damage beyond which progression of renal disease occurs independently of dietary measures and/or pharmacological treatment. In experimental animals, dietary protein and phosphate restriction is not fully successful in ameliorating the progression of functional deterioration if administered when renal injury is severe and long standing. Similarly, late treatment with various pharmacological agents (mainly antihypertensive drugs) is less effective than early administration of the same substances. A serum creatinine of 176 mumol/L seems a critical point discriminating the results of either dietary protein and phosphate restriction or antihypertensive treatment in patients with chronic renal disease. The protective effects of both dietary and nondietary intervention seem to be most effective when at least 50% of the residual renal mass is still functioning. The extent to which glomerular sclerosis, vascular hyalinosis, and interstitial fibrosis have already developed can probably blunt or avert the expected results of treatment. Some clinical tests may identify those patients who would benefit from measures such as the reduction in glomerular hemodynamic stress, the long-term inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system, and the aggressive treatment of systemic hypertension. The continuous search for a rational preventive treatment before the disease process has reached the "point of no return" will undoubtedly constitute a formidable task for the modern nephrologist.

Influence of age on deterioration of the remnant kidney in uninephrectomized rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiya Okuda ◽  
Kenichi Motomura ◽  
Tohru Sanai ◽  
Hiroshi Tsuruda ◽  
Yukinori Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Unilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Glomerular Sclerosis ◽  
Renal Growth ◽  
Compensatory Renal Growth ◽  
Characteristic Finding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Renal Histology ◽  
Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis ◽  
Remnant Kidney

1. To investigate the influence of age on the remnant kidney, unilateral nephrectomy was performed in rats at 1 day (group N-0), 2 weeks (group N-2), 4 weeks (group N-4) or 8 weeks (group N-8) of age. Serial changes in urinary protein during 48 weeks after the uninephrectomy and blood chemistries and renal histology at week 48 were compared between the groups. 2. The increase in proteinuria was significantly greater in groups N-0, N-2 and N-4 than in group N-8 from week 32 to week 48 after the uninephrectomy. There was no significant difference in urinary protein between groups N-0, N-2 and N-4. Hypoproteinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia were also more severe in groups N-0, N-2 and N-4 than in group N-8 at week 48. 3. A compensatory renal growth in groups N-0 and N-4 was significantly greater than that in group N-8 at week 48 after the uninephrectomy. 4. Focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis, a characteristic finding in the uninephrectomy groups, was significantly more marked in groups N-0, N-2 and N-4 than in group N-8 at week 48. 5. We conclude that uninephrectomy at young ages leads to increased incidence of glomerular sclerosis in rats compared with uninephrectomy in the adult.

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