Does Vasopressin Play a Role in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension?

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 141s-143s ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Padfield ◽  
J. J. Brown ◽  
A. F. Lever ◽  
J. J. Morton ◽  
J. I. S. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Moderate Essential Hypertension ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Effect ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. Plasma levels of vasopressin were found to be significantly higher in 29 patients with malignant hypertension than in 106 normotensive control subjects (13 ± 2 ng/l vs 5.8 ± 0.2 ng/l, P < 0.001). 2. No correlation was apparent between blood pressure and circulating vasopressin. 3. An acute, incremental infusion of vasopressin (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 ng min−1 kg−1) in nine patients with mild-moderate essential hypertension produced only minor changes in blood pressure despite achieving plasma levels spanning those seen in malignant hypertension. 4. Despite a small increase in pressor sensitivity to vasopressin in hypertensive subjects it is thus unlikely that an acute vasoconstrictor effect of this peptide is important in the pathogenesis of malignant hypertension.

Relation of Plasma Noradrenaline to Blood Pressure, Age, Sex and Sodium Balance in Patients with Stable Essential Hypertension and in Normotensive Subjects

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 81s-83s ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Brecht ◽  
W. Schoeppe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. Plasma noradrenaline was measured in 125 patients with stable essential hypertension (WHO I—II) and in 107 normotensive control subjects lying and standing. 2. In normotensive subjects and in patients with essential hypertension no sex-related differences of plasma noradrenaline were found between age-matched groups. 3. Plasma noradrenaline was not related to sodium balance indexed by urinary sodium/creatinine ratio. 4. In patients with essential hypertension plasma noradrenaline increases with age. 5. Mean plasma noradrenaline concentrations are significantly higher in patients with essential hypertension compared with age-matched normotensive subjects both lying and standing. 6. In patients with essential hypertension diastolic blood pressure and heart rate correlated significantly with supine plasma noradrenaline concentrations.

Effects of Blood Pressure Reduction on the Structural Vascular Abnormality in Skin and Muscle Vascular Beds in Human Essential Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 77s-79s ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sivertsson ◽  
L. Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Maximal Dilatation ◽  
Vascular Abnormality ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Vascular Beds ◽  
Hypertensive Therapy ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. Vascular resistance at maximal vasodilatation was examined in two vascular beds in two groups of hypertensive patients and in normotensive control subjects before and during anti-hypertensive therapy in the hypertension groups. 2. In one group of twelve untreated patients with essential hypertension, examined with plethysmography and intra-arterial blood pressure recording, a significantly higher vascular resistance at maximal vasodilatation was found in the hands compared with normotensive control subjects matched for age, sex, weight and height. This indicated a structural vascular abnormality in the patient group. 3. After 5 years of anti-hypertensive therapy in the patient group the difference in vascular resistance between patients and control subjects had decreased significantly, indicating a reversibility of the structural vascular abnormality. 4. Vascular resistance at maximal vasodilatation was examined in the calves of twelve untreated patients with essential hypertension and fourteen normotensive control subjects. Plethysmographic technique and indirect blood pressure recordings were used. A significantly higher vascular resistance was found in patients than in control subjects, indicating a structural vascular abnormality also in this vascular bed. 5. Anti-hypertensive treatment for 6 months in the patient group did not change vascular resistance at maximal dilatation, indicating that the structural vascular abnormality remained. 6. During acute reduction of blood pressure in hypertension by means of trimethaphan infusion, blood pressure and blood flow to the hands were reduced proportionally with no change of vascular resistance at maximal vasodilatation. 7. This indicates that resistance at maximal dilatation was unaffected by the acute reduction of blood pressure, in contrast to the findings after prolonged reduction of blood pressure in this vascular bed.

Serum Dopamine β-Hydroxylase Activity in Essential Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 465s-467s ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Aoki ◽  
K. Tazumi ◽  
T. Yoshida ◽  
S. Kato ◽  
I. Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Serum Enzyme ◽  
Serum Enzyme Activity ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Propranolol Administration ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. Serum dopamine β-hydroxylase activity was determined in normotensive control subjects and patients with labile or established essential hypertension. The enzyme activity was 25·9 ± 1·9 (sem), 29·6±2·5 and 25·1 ± 1·9 μmol min—1 1—1, for control, labile and established hypertensive subjects respectively. 2. Neither blood pressure nor serum dopamine β-hydroxylase activity was changed in normotensive control subjects by administration of phentolamine; however, in patients with essential hypertension blood pressure was significantly decreased (P < 0·01) and serum dopamine β-hydroxylase activity was slightly increased. With propranolol administration, blood pressure and the serum enzyme activity were not significantly changed in normotensive or hypertensive subjects. 3. Our results suggest that there is no correlation between serum dopamine β-hydroxylase activity and blood pressure.

ABPM Comparison of the Anti-Hypertensive Profiles of Telmisartan and Enalapril in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Essential Hypertension

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Amerena ◽  
S Pappas ◽  
J-P Ouellet ◽  
L Williams ◽  
D O'Shaughnessy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Moderate Essential Hypertension ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Once Daily

In this multicentre, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint (PROBE) study, the efficacy of 12 weeks' treatment with once-daily telmisartan 40–80 mg and enalapril 10–20 mg was evaluated using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in 522 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Patients were titrated to the higher dose of study drug at week 6 if mean seated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was ≥ 90 mmHg. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in ambulatory DBP in the last 6 h of the 24-h dosing interval after 12 weeks' treatment. Telmisartan and enalapril produced similar reductions from baseline in DBP and systolic blood pressure (SBP) over all ABPM periods evaluated (last 6 h, 24-h, daytime and night-time). Telmisartan produced a significantly greater reduction in mean seated trough DBP, measured unblinded with an automated ABPM device in the clinic, amounting to a difference of −2.02 mmHg ( P < 0.01). A significantly greater proportion of patients achieved a seated diastolic response with telmisartan than enalapril (59% versus 50%; P < 0.05), also measured with the same ABPM device. Both treatments were well tolerated. Compared with telmisartan, enalapril was associated with a higher incidence of cough (8.9% versus 0.8%) and hypotension (3.9% versus 1.1%). Therefore, telmisartan may provide better long-term compliance and, consequently, better blood pressure control than enalapril.

Relationships between 24 h blood pressure load and target organ damage in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Mulè ◽  
Emilio Nardi ◽  
Giuseppe Andronico ◽  
Santina Cottone ◽  
Francesco Raspanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Moderate Essential Hypertension ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Pressure Load ◽  
Blood Pressure Load

scholarly journals Correlation Between Blood Pressure Variability and Plasma Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone Levels in Patients With Essential Hypertension at Different Ages

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-581
Author(s):  
Cai-ni Fan ◽  
Hai-ying Zhao ◽  
Dan-dan Tian ◽  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Moderate Essential Hypertension ◽  
Elderly Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aged Group

Abstract Background To study the correlation between blood pressure variability (BPV) and plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (AngII), aldosterone levels in patients with essential hypertension. Methods A total of 300 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were analyzed retrospectively. The subjects were divided into 3 age groups: 100 patients aged 18–44 years (young group), 110 patients aged 45–64 years (middle-aged group), and 90 patients aged over 65 years (elderly group). PRA, AngII, and aldosterone levels were assessed. Blood pressure (BP) was measured by 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. The relationships between BP variability and the PRA, AngII, aldosterone levels were compared among the 3 groups. Results Supine and upright PRA and aldosterone levels were significantly higher in the young group than those in the middle-aged and elderly groups. The coefficient of variation (CV) of 24-hour systolic (24hSBPCV), diastolic BP (24hDBPCV), CV of daytime systolic (dSBPCV), diastolic (dDBPCV), and nighttime systolic BP (nSBPCV) in the elderly group was higher than those in the young group and the middle-aged group (all P &lt; 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that in the young and middle-aged groups, BPV was significantly correlated with the levels of PRA, AngII, and aldosterone (all P &lt; 0.05). In the elderly group however, only 24hDBPCV, nDBPCV, and nSBPCV were correlated with AngII and aldosterone levels (all P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions BPV is correlated with plasma renin–angiotensin–aldosterone levels in young and middle-aged patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.

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