Effects of Blood Pressure Reduction on the Structural Vascular Abnormality in Skin and Muscle Vascular Beds in Human Essential Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 77s-79s ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sivertsson ◽  
L. Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Maximal Dilatation ◽  
Vascular Abnormality ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Vascular Beds ◽  
Hypertensive Therapy ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. Vascular resistance at maximal vasodilatation was examined in two vascular beds in two groups of hypertensive patients and in normotensive control subjects before and during anti-hypertensive therapy in the hypertension groups. 2. In one group of twelve untreated patients with essential hypertension, examined with plethysmography and intra-arterial blood pressure recording, a significantly higher vascular resistance at maximal vasodilatation was found in the hands compared with normotensive control subjects matched for age, sex, weight and height. This indicated a structural vascular abnormality in the patient group. 3. After 5 years of anti-hypertensive therapy in the patient group the difference in vascular resistance between patients and control subjects had decreased significantly, indicating a reversibility of the structural vascular abnormality. 4. Vascular resistance at maximal vasodilatation was examined in the calves of twelve untreated patients with essential hypertension and fourteen normotensive control subjects. Plethysmographic technique and indirect blood pressure recordings were used. A significantly higher vascular resistance was found in patients than in control subjects, indicating a structural vascular abnormality also in this vascular bed. 5. Anti-hypertensive treatment for 6 months in the patient group did not change vascular resistance at maximal dilatation, indicating that the structural vascular abnormality remained. 6. During acute reduction of blood pressure in hypertension by means of trimethaphan infusion, blood pressure and blood flow to the hands were reduced proportionally with no change of vascular resistance at maximal vasodilatation. 7. This indicates that resistance at maximal dilatation was unaffected by the acute reduction of blood pressure, in contrast to the findings after prolonged reduction of blood pressure in this vascular bed.

Relation of Plasma Noradrenaline to Blood Pressure, Age, Sex and Sodium Balance in Patients with Stable Essential Hypertension and in Normotensive Subjects

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 81s-83s ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Brecht ◽  
W. Schoeppe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. Plasma noradrenaline was measured in 125 patients with stable essential hypertension (WHO I—II) and in 107 normotensive control subjects lying and standing. 2. In normotensive subjects and in patients with essential hypertension no sex-related differences of plasma noradrenaline were found between age-matched groups. 3. Plasma noradrenaline was not related to sodium balance indexed by urinary sodium/creatinine ratio. 4. In patients with essential hypertension plasma noradrenaline increases with age. 5. Mean plasma noradrenaline concentrations are significantly higher in patients with essential hypertension compared with age-matched normotensive subjects both lying and standing. 6. In patients with essential hypertension diastolic blood pressure and heart rate correlated significantly with supine plasma noradrenaline concentrations.

Serum Dopamine β-Hydroxylase Activity in Essential Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 465s-467s ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Aoki ◽  
K. Tazumi ◽  
T. Yoshida ◽  
S. Kato ◽  
I. Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Serum Enzyme ◽  
Serum Enzyme Activity ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Propranolol Administration ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. Serum dopamine β-hydroxylase activity was determined in normotensive control subjects and patients with labile or established essential hypertension. The enzyme activity was 25·9 ± 1·9 (sem), 29·6±2·5 and 25·1 ± 1·9 μmol min—1 1—1, for control, labile and established hypertensive subjects respectively. 2. Neither blood pressure nor serum dopamine β-hydroxylase activity was changed in normotensive control subjects by administration of phentolamine; however, in patients with essential hypertension blood pressure was significantly decreased (P < 0·01) and serum dopamine β-hydroxylase activity was slightly increased. With propranolol administration, blood pressure and the serum enzyme activity were not significantly changed in normotensive or hypertensive subjects. 3. Our results suggest that there is no correlation between serum dopamine β-hydroxylase activity and blood pressure.

Does Vasopressin Play a Role in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension?

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 141s-143s ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Padfield ◽  
J. J. Brown ◽  
A. F. Lever ◽  
J. J. Morton ◽  
J. I. S. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Moderate Essential Hypertension ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Effect ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. Plasma levels of vasopressin were found to be significantly higher in 29 patients with malignant hypertension than in 106 normotensive control subjects (13 ± 2 ng/l vs 5.8 ± 0.2 ng/l, P &lt; 0.001). 2. No correlation was apparent between blood pressure and circulating vasopressin. 3. An acute, incremental infusion of vasopressin (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 ng min−1 kg−1) in nine patients with mild-moderate essential hypertension produced only minor changes in blood pressure despite achieving plasma levels spanning those seen in malignant hypertension. 4. Despite a small increase in pressor sensitivity to vasopressin in hypertensive subjects it is thus unlikely that an acute vasoconstrictor effect of this peptide is important in the pathogenesis of malignant hypertension.

Renal Haemodynamics and Plasma Renin in Patients with Essential Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Pedersen ◽  
H. J. Kornerup
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renal Vascular Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Hypertensive Group ◽  
Renal Vascular

1. Blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were measured in twenty-three patients with essential hypertension and in twenty-one control subjects. Plasma renin concentration was measured in all the hypertensive patients and in fifteen control subjects. 2. GFR and RPF were similar in the hypertensive group and in the control group, whereas the renal vascular resistance was significantly higher in the hypertensive patients. GFR and RPF decreased with increasing blood pressure in both groups. Increasing age induced a further reduction in GFR and RPF in the control subjects but not in the hypertensive patients. 3. Plasma renin concentration in the hypertensive group did not differ from that in the control subjects. The concentration was not correlated to age in either the hypertensive or normal group. 4. Plasma renin index was positively correlated to GFR and RPF and inversely correlated to filtration fraction and renal vascular resistance. 5. It is concluded that GFR and RPF depend on blood pressure in both hypertensive patients and normotensive control subjects. In contrast to the control group, the age effect was negligible in the hypertensive group. It is suggested that renin release depends on changes in renal vascular resistance in the arterioles at the glomerulus and the results support the baroreceptor theory of renin release.

Plasma Noradrenaline Concentration and α-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Vasoconstriction in Normotensive and Hypertensive Man

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kiowski ◽  
F. R. Bühler ◽  
P. Vanbrummelen ◽  
F. W. Amann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Arterial Infusion ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Noradrenaline Concentration ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Control Plasma

1. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations and blood pressure were measured in 45 patients with essential hypertension and 34 matched normotensive subjects. Plasma noradrenaline was similar in both groups, but in the hypertensive patients plasma noradrenaline correlated with blood pressure. 2. The increase in forearm flow in response to an intra-arterial infusion of phentolamine was determined in 12 of the hypertensive and 14 of the normotensive subjects to assess the α-adrenoceptor-mediated component of vascular resistance. Although the dilator response to phentolamine was similar in both groups, in the hypertensive patients it was correlated with the control plasma noradrenaline (r = 0.83, P<0.01) as well as the height of mean blood pressure (r = 0.73, P<0.01). 3. These results suggest that in hypertensive patients plasma noradrenaline can be a marker for both sympathetic activity and the α-adrenoceptor-mediated component of vascular resistance.

Significance of Increase in Labelled Albumin Disappearance Rate in Arterial Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 211s-213s
Author(s):  
M. Ulrych ◽  
Z. Ulrych
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Volume Blood ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. Relationships between labelled albumin disappearance rate (LADR), plasma volume, blood volume, plasma renin activity (PRA) and blood pressure (BP) were studied in normotensive control subjects and patients with hypertension of different aetiology and severity. In essential hypertensive patients without complications an inverse linear relationship was found between blood pressure and plasma or blood volume. 2. Very close inverse correlations were found between LADR and PRA in both normotensive subjects and patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. LADR appears to be an excellent reference standard for PRA. 3. It is postulated that LADR mainly reflects the relation between circulating fluid and vascular capacitance tone. LADR is increased in hypertension and blood volume may still be inappropriately high.

Metoprolol and Pindolol in Hypertension: Different Effects on Peripheral Haemodynamics

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 425s-427s ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Svensson ◽  
T. Gudbrandsson ◽  
R. Sivertsson ◽  
L. Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Reduce Blood Pressure ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Sympathetic Stimulation ◽  
Maximal Dilatation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Muscle Work ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
The Difference

1. Thirty-six patients with essential hypertension, were randomly allocated to double-blind treatment with either metoprolol (100–200 mg/day) or pindolol (5–10 mg/day). The effects upon blood pressure and peripheral blood flow were determined. Both drugs reduced blood pressure significantly. 2. Heart rate was significantly reduced by metoprolol but not by pindolol. 3. Vascular resistance at maximal dilatation was not changed by either compound. 4. At rest, pindolol reduced vascular resistance in the calf by 14% (P &lt; 0.05) but metoprolol tended to increase the resistance slightly. The difference in effect was also significant (P &lt; 0.005). 5. During leg muscle work there were no changes in vascular resistance in the forearm with either compound. 6. We conclude that pindolol appears to reduce blood pressure at least partly through vascular mechanisms, in contrast to metoprolol. The response to sympathetic stimulation induced by physical exercise does not differ between metoprolol- and pindolol-treated patients.

The Antihypertensive and Renal Activities of Potassium Canrenoate are Associated with Increased Renal Prostaglandin Excretion

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Castellani ◽  
Luca Scarti ◽  
Ji Lin Chen ◽  
Attilio Del Rosso ◽  
Marino Carnovali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Potassium Canrenoate ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. In a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study the effects of potassium canrenoate administration (100 mg twice daily for 10 days orally) on renal prostaglandin synthesis (prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α) were evaluated in 10 normotensive females and in 10 females with essential hypertension. 2. When compared with normotensive subjects, hypertensive patients in baseline conditions showed a reduced excretion of urinary prostaglandin E2 associated with an excessive prostaglandin F2α production. 3. Potassium canrenoate significantly reduced mean blood pressure in hypertensive patients [from 118.9 ± 8.7 mmHg (1.62 ± 0.12 kPa) to a peak minimum value of 104.7 ± 9.8 mmHg (1.42 ± 0.13 kPa) on the seventh day of treatment; P < 0.01 for the whole period] but not in control subjects [from 88 ± 9.4 mmHg (1.20 ± 0.13 kPa) to 84.3 ± 8.3 mmHg (1.15 ± 0.11 kPa) on the eighth day, NS] even though potassium canrenoate significantly increased sodium excretion in both groups. Renal prostaglandin excretion was affected differently in the two groups: in control subjects excretion of both prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α was increased after drug administration, whereas in hypertensive patients only prostaglandin E2 excretion was enhanced.

Reduced Plasma Renin Activity in Essential Hypertension: Effects of Blood Pressure, Age and Sodium

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 185s-188s ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Thomas ◽  
J. G. G. Ledingham ◽  
L. J. Beilin ◽  
A. N. Stott
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Significant Inverse Relationship ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
And Control

1. Supine plasma renin activity and its responsiveness to erect posture and frusemide were reduced in fifty-one patients with essential hypertension, compared with fifty-one age- and sex-matched control subjects. 2. Twenty-four hour urinary sodium excretion was similar in hypertensive patients and control subjects, but after intravenous frusemide hypertensive patients excreted significantly less sodium. 3. A significant inverse relationship between plasma renin activity and diastolic blood pressure was demonstrated in hypertensive patients and in normotensive control subjects. 4. A significant inverse relationship between plasma renin activity and age, independent of blood pressure, was shown in hypertensive patients and control subjects. 5. It is concluded that the reduced renin values found in essential hypertension are, in part, the result of the elevated blood pressure acting on the kidney.

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